kapasitor
TRANSCRIPT
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FISIKA DASAR II
T.SUTOJO,SSi,M.Kom
UNIVERSITAS DIAN NUSWANTORO
SEMARANG
2009
HP: 024 3310 1617
KAPASITOR
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KAPASITOR DAN DIELEKTRIK
Kapasitor Keping Sejajar
Kapasitor Silinder
Kapasitor Bola
Kapasitor Bola Terisolasi
Dielektrik
Penyimpanan Energi Listrik Dalam Kapasitor
Kombinasi Kapasitor
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Kapasitor
• Komponen Pasif
• Banyak digunakan dalamrangkaian Listrik
• type : kertas, mica, keramikdan electrolyte
• Jumlah muatan atau energiyang dapat disimpan dalamkapasitor disebut kapasitaskapasitor.
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Kapasitor
• Aplikasi :– Komputer : memory RAM dan keyboard.– Lampu kilat untuk kamera.– Cadangan Energi Listrik.– Rangkaian Radio dan elektronik.
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Kapasitas Kapasitor
• Kapasitor terbuat dari dua konduktor yang membawa muatanyang besarnya sama tetapi jenisnya berlawanan.
• Konduktor tersebut dinamakan Plat.
• Antara kedua plat terdapat beda potensial ΔV.
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Kapasitas KapasitorKapasitas kapasitor Cdidefinisikan sebagaiperbandingan besarmuatan Q pada salahsatu plat terhadapbesar beda potensial Vdiantara kedua plat tersebut.
VQCΔ
=
Untuk setiap kapasitor harga C selalu positif dan konstan. Satuan C adalah 1 Coulomb / 1 Volt = 1 Farad (F) , { pF (10-12F) , μF(10-6 F)}
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Kapasitor Keping Sejajar
dA
VQC oε==
εo = 8,85 x 10-12 F/m = 8,85 pF/m
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Kapasitor Silinder
)/ln(2
abL
VQC oπε
==
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Kapasitor Bola
⎥⎦⎤
⎢⎣⎡ −
=Δ
=
baV
QC o
114πε
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Kapasitor Bola Terisolasi
RVQC oπε4==
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Dielektrik
Medan listrik dalamkapasitor sebelum diberidielektrik
Diberidielektrik
Medan listrikdalamkapasitorsetelah diberidielektrik
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Dielektrik
Setelah diberi dielektrik, timbul medan listrikinduksi Eind yang sifatnya memperlemah medanlistrik awal Eo, akibatnya kapasitas kapasitormeningkat.
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Dielektrik
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DielektrikDielektrik adalah suatu bahan yang bisa meningkatkan kapasitas kapasitor. Peningkatan ini sebanding dengan suatu besaran κ yang disebut konstanta dielektrik.
oCC κ=
Co = kapasitas sebelum disisipi dielektrik
C = kapasitas setelah disisipi dielektrik
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Penyimpanan Energi Listrik
Energi yang tersimpan pada kapasitor.
22
21
21
21 CVQV
CQU ===
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Kombinasi KapasitorKombinasi Seri
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Kombinasi KapasitorKombinasi Seri
11 C
QV =2
2 CQV =
33 C
QV =
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛++=++=+++=
321321321
111CCC
QCQ
CQ
CQVVVVab
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛++=
321
111CCCQ
Vab
⎟⎟⎠
⎞⎜⎜⎝
⎛++=
321
1111CCCCT
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Kombinasi KapasitorKombinasi Parallel
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Kombinasi Kapasitor
Q1 = C1V , Q2 = C2V dan Q2 = C3V
Kombinasi Parallel
321 QQQQ ++=
VCVCVCQ 321 ++=
321 CCCCP ++=321 CCCC
VQ
P ++==
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Contoh SoalTentukan kapasitas pengganti antara titik a dan b padagambar dibawah ini, jika C1 = 5.0 F and C2 = 10.0 F and C3 = 2.00 F.
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Contoh Soal
Cs1 Cs2
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Contoh Soal1/Cs1 = 1/C1 + 1/C21/Cs1 = 1/(5.0 F) + 1/(10.0 F) 1/Cs1 = (0.20 + 0.10 )/ F 1/Cs1 = 0.30/ F Cs1 = (1/0.30) F Cs1 = 3.33 F
Cs2 = Cs1 = 3.33 F
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Contoh Soal
Cp1 = 3.33 F + 2.0 F + 3.33 F Cp1 = 8.66 F
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Contoh Soal
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Contoh Soal
a b
12 μF 6 μF
6 μF
10 μF
C1 C2
C4
C3
Cab
?
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Contoh Soal
a b
4 μF
6 μF
10 μF
C3
C4
Cab
?
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a b10 μF 10 μF
C4
Cab
?
Jawab : 5 μF
Contoh Soal
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a b5 μF
Cab
?
Contoh Soal
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Contoh Soala) Hitung kapasitas pengganti untuk gambar
berikut
b) Jika rangkaian dihubungkan dengan baterai 12 V, hitung beda potensial, muatan dan energi yang tersimpan pada tiap-tiap kapasitor.
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Contoh Soal
a b
2 μF
2 μF
a b4 μF
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Contoh SoalJawab :
a b
4 μF
Caba).
b)
12 V
Q
Q1
Q2
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b)
12 V
Q
Q1
Q2
Contoh SoalJawab :
Q = CT.V
Q = (4.0 x 10 - 6 F) (12 V) = 4.8 x 10 - 5 C
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Contoh SoalJawab :
Rangkaian parallel maka : V1 = V2 = V = 12 Volt
Q1 = C1.V1 = (2.0 x 10 - 6 F)(12 V) = 2,4 x 10 - 5 C
Q2 = Cs.V2 = (2.0 x 10 - 6 F)(12 V) = 2,4 x 10 - 5 C
3 μF 6 μF=
Cs = 2 μF
Muatan yang tersimpan pada kapasitor 3 μFdan 6 μF adalah Q2 = 2,4 x 10 - 5 C
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Contoh SoalJawab : Energi yang tersimpan pada kapasitor.
CQU
2
21
=
J 10 x 9,6103
)104,2(21 5-
6
25
3 == −
−
xxU
J 10 x ,84106
)104,2(21 5-
6
25
6 == −
−
xxU
J 10 x 4,14102
)104,2(21 5-
6
25
2 == −
−
xxU
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