it 2 - pemeriksaan hematologi khusus - ykb.ppt

7/21/2019 IT 2 - Pemeriksaan Hematologi Khusus - YKB.ppt

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PEMERIKSAANLABORATORIUM KLINIK

RUTIN

Oleh:

Dr. Rusmiyati Wijaya M.S!S"PK



PEMERIKSAAN DARA#

• Darah: !aira$ ya$% me$%alir &alam"em'uluh &arah

•N(rmal jumlah t(tal )(lume &arah"a&a (ra$% &e*asa ± + L

• Susu$a$ &arah le$%,a":

–sel-sel &arah /+01 – Plasma &arah ++01



• Sel-sel &arah /+01

2. Eritr(sit

3. Leu,(sit

- 4ra$ul(sit: $eutr(5l e(si$(5l 'as(5l

- Lim6(sit

- m($(sit

7. Tr(m'(sit



• Plasma &arah++01

– Air 8901

– Pr(tei$ – Kar'(hi&rat

– Lema,

– itami$

– Ele,tr(lit

– 4aram-%aram

mi$eral – #(rm($

– e$;im



Per'e&aa$ Plasma &a$Serum

• Plasma &i"er(leh &ari &arah ya$%&i'eri,a$ ;at a$ti,(a%ula$ lalu &i"usi$%:

• Serum &i&a"at 'ila &arah ta$"a ;at

a$ti,(a%ula$1 &i'iar,a$ 'e,u ya$% ti&a,la%i me$%a$&u$% ;at "em'e,ua$.

"lasma

sel-sel&arah



<u$%si Darah

2. Se'a%ai alat "e$%a$%,ut• Tra$s"(rt O3 &a$ =O3

• Tra$s"(rt ;at ma,a$a$

• Tra$s"(rt sisa meta'(lisme3. Se'a%ai alat "ertaha$a$ tu'uh

7. Pr(ses "em'e,ua$ &arah• Tr(m'(sit &a$ 5'ri$(%e$ 'ila a&a lu,a

/. Me$%atur ,eseim'a$%a$ air &a$ele,tr(lit serta 'asa &alam tu'uh

+. Me$%atur suhu tu'uh



• =($t(h &arah u$tu, "emeri,saa$la'(rat(rium &a"at &iam'il &ari: – Darah ,a"iler &i&a"at &e$%a$

mela,u,a$ "u$%si ,a"iler "a&a• Uju$% jari II III &a$ I

• =u"i$% teli$%a

• Uju$% i'u jari ,a,i>tumit "a&a 'ayi

– Darah )e$a &i&a"at &e$%a$ "u$%si)e$a "a&a 6(ssa !u'iti atau tem"at lai$

– Darah arteri



Pemeri,saa$ #em(%l('i$

2. Se!ara ,ua$titati6

– =ara 5si,a

Mem'a$&i$%,a$ B? &arah &e$%a$ B? laruta$

=uSO/

– =ara ,imia

Me$%u,ur ,a&ar #' 'er&asar,a$ ,a&ar

<e &alam eritr(sit. – =ara %as(metri,

– =ara ,(l(rimetri,: )isuil &a$ 6(t(ele,tri,

47,3

100/)/(

mldarahmgFedl g Hb =




– =ara K(l(rimetri, sam'u$%a$1

a. isuil !ara SA#LI @ !ara hemati$ asam1

Pri$si": &arah #=l 92 N hemati$

asam !(,lat1<a,t(r ,esalaha$: ± 390

a. <(t(ele,tri,

a. Sia$methem(%l('i$

'. (,sihem(%l('i$




3. Se!ara ,ualitati6

2. Pemeri,saa$ terha&a" #'<

a. A!i& eluti($ test

'. Tes &e$aturasi terha&a" al,ali

3. Pemeri,saa$ terha&a" #'S

7. Ele,tr(6(resis #'

Setia" je$is #' mem"u$yai muata$ listri,&a$ 'ermi%rasi &e$%a$ ,e!e"ata$ ya$%'er'e&a.




Pe$eta"a$ Ka&ar #em(%l('i$ #'1

2.Me$urut !ara SA#LI

Pri$si": #em(%l('i$ &arah laruta$#=l 92 N 'eru'ah me$ja&i hemati$asam lalu ,a&ar$ya &iu,ur &e$%a$mem'a$&i$%,a$ *ar$a$ya &e$%a$*ar$a sta$&ar se!ara )isual.




warna standar

tabung hemometer

waktu yang diperlukan: ± 10 menit

Nilai normal:

Pria: 13,0 – 18,0 g/d

!anita: 1",0 – 1#,0 g/d

$%&':




3. Me$urut !ara Sia$methem(%l('i$ #i=N1

Pri$si":

#' &arah laruta$ K 7<e=N1 methem(%l('i$

Methem(%l('i$ lar. K=N

#em(%l('i$ sia$i&a #i=N1

W#O me$%a$jur,a$ "emeri,saa$ ,a&ar #' &e$%a$ !ara i$i,are$a:

• mu&ah &ila,u,a$

• mem"u$yai sta$&ar ya$% sta'il• Da"at me$%u,ur semua je$is #' ,e!uali sul6 #'

De$%a$ !ara i$i *a,tu ya$% &i"erlu,a$ ha$ya: 7 me$it.



LA?U ENDAP DARA#

• De5$isi:

LED a&alah ,e!e"ata$ me$%e$&a"$ya

eritr(sit &e$%a$ me$%u,ur ti$%%i "lasma

&alam *a,tu 2 jam.

LED terja&i &alam 7 6ase yaitu:

' '' '''

0( 1#( )#( *0(

mm

' : +ase pembentukan

rouleau, berlangsung 1#(

'' : +ase pengendapan 30(

''' : +ase pemadatan 1#(



LA?U ENDAP DARA#

Westergreen Wintrobe

A$ti,(a%ula$ Lar. Na-sitrat 7C0 D(u'le (alate>EDTA,eri$%

Pe$%e$!era$ &arah /:2 2 ,ali

Pa$ja$% alat 799 mm 229 mm

Diameter alat 3+ mm 3+ mm

4aris-%aris s,ala 9-399 9-299

Nilai $(rmal:PriaWa$ita

9-29 mm>jam9-2+ mm>jam

9-29 mm>jam9-39 mm>jam

P-.-'$%%N - %% " 2%%:



LA?U ENDAP DARA#

• LED 'er%u$a u$tu,:

2. Me$%etahui "e$ya,it se!ara &i$i"emeri,saa$ s!ree$i$%1

3. Mem'a$tu me$e%a,,a$ &ia%$(sis

7. Me$%i,uti "erjala$a$ "e$ya,it t'!&emam remati, &a$ se'a%ai$ya1



LA?U ENDAP DARA#

• LED me$i$%,at &ijum"ai "a&a:

– Pe$ya,it i$6e,si: TB= he"atitis a,ut

– Pe$ya,it ja$tu$%:

• Mi(,ar& i$6ar, a,ut• Demam remati, a,ut

– Pe$ya,it a'&(me$>"el)is• Ra&a$% "el)is a,ut

• Kehamila$ tu'a ya$% "e!ah – Lai$-lai$:

• Multi"le myel(ma a$emia terte$tu

• #i"ertir(i&isme &a$ lai$-lai$



Pemeri,saa$ #emat(,rit#t1

• #emat(,rit a&alah )(lume eritr(sit &alam299 ml &arah &a$ &i$yata,a$ &alam"erse$ 01

• Pe$eta"a$ #t a&a 3 !ara:2. Ma,r(met(&a

3. Mi,r(met(&a

• Nilai #t &i%u$a,a$ u$tu,:

• Me$%etahui a&a ti&a,$ya a$emia &a$

• Me$%hitu$% $ilai eritr(sit rata-rata



Pemeri,saa$ #emat(,rit#t1

Makrometoda Mikrometoda

Alat Ta'u$% *i$tr('e Pi"et ,a"iler

Ke!e"ata$"emusi$%a$

7999 r"m 2.999 r"m

Lama "emusi$%a$ 79 me$it 7-+ me$it a$% &ila"(r,a$ a. I$&e,s i,terus

'. Te'al F'uGy !(atH!. #emat(,rit

hemat(,rit



#ITUN4 SEL DARA#

• U$tu, hitu$% sel &arah &i"erlu,a$: – Kamar hitu$%

– Pi"et "e$%e$!er

– Laruta$ "e$%e$!er• ?e$is-je$is ,amar hitu$%:

– Im"r()e& Neu'auer

– <u!hs R(se$thal

– Th(ma

– Bur,er

– Neu'auer



• Pi"et "e$%e$!er

a$% seri$% &i%u$a,a$: Pi"et Th(ma

A&a 3 ma!am:

– Pi"et eritr(sit ter&iri:• Butir ,a!a 'er*ar$a merah

• Pi"et ,a"iler &e$%a$ %aris-%aris ta$&a 292 - 29 9+

– Pi"et leu,(sit ter&iri:• Butir ,a!a 'er*ar$a "utih

• Pi"et ,a"iler &e$%a$ %aris-%aris ta$&a 22 29 9+



<a,t(r ,($)ersi &alam me$%hitu$% sel&arah

• Da"at &ite$tu,a$ &e$%a$me$%etahui:

– Luas 'i&a$% ya$% &i"a,ai

– Ti$%%i ,amar hitu$%

– Pe$%e$!era$ ya$% &ila,u,a$



=($t(h: u$tu, hitu$% jumlah leu,(sit

L @ / mm3

T @ 92 mm

• Misal: &itemu,a$ C9 sel ma,a Jleu,(sit: C9 +9 @ /999>L

kali xersi Faktorkonv 50204,0

1==



#ITUN4 LEUKOSIT

• Baha$: &arah ,a"iler>&arah &e$%a$a$ti,(a%ula$ EDTA

• Pi"et "e$%e$!er: "i"et leu,(sit

• Laruta$ "e$%e$!er: laruta$ Tur, – Bersi6at asam asam asetat 301

– Me$%a$&u$% ;at *ar$a %e$tia$ )i(let 20

• Sel ya$% &ihitu$%:

– Semua sel &alam / 'i&a$% 'esar !u,u" &e$%a$"em'esara$ /91

– Sel ya$% me$yi$%%u$% %aris 'atas ,iri &a$ atas

• Nilai $(rmal: +.999-29.999>L &arah



#ITUN4 ERITROSIT

• Baha$: &arah ,a"iler>&arah &e$%a$a$ti,(a%ula$ EDTA

• Pi"et "e$%e$!er: "i"et eritr(sit

• Laruta$ "e$%e$!er: laruta$ #ayem 4(*er<(rmal sitrat

• Sel ya$% &ihitu$%: semua sel &alam + 'i&a$%se&a$% ya$% terleta, "a&a 'i&a$% 'esar &ite$%ah-te$%ah

• Nilai $(rmal: – Pria: /+ ++ juta>L &arah

– Wa$ita: /9 +9 juta>L &arah



• =($t(h:

Telah &ihitu$% eritr(sit: 7 jt>L #t: 30#': C2 %>&L. Te$tu,a$ M= alues$ya

?a*a':

Kesa$: eritr(sit ......

fL x x E

Ht MCV 9010

3

2710 ===

pg x x E

Hb MCH 2710

3

1,810 ===

%3010027

1,8100 === x x

Ht

Hb MCHC



M= alues: Nilai Eritr(sitRata-rata

• Mem'eri ,et. Te$ta$%: u,ura$ rata-rata eritr(sit &a$'a$ya,$ya #' "er eritr(sit

• Nilai ya$% 'a$ya, &i"a,ai a&alah:2. M= Mea$ =(r"us!ular (lume1

ER (lume Eritr(sit Rata-rata1

(l. Rata-rata se'uah eritr(sit &ise'ut &e$%a$ 6emt(liter6L1

3. M=# Mea$ =(r"us!ular #em(%l('i$1

#ER #em(%l('i$ Eritr(sit Rata-rata1Ba$ya,$ya #' "er eritr(sit &ise'ut &e$%a$ "i,(%ram "%1

7. M=#= Mea$ =(r"us!ular #em(%l('i$ =($!e$trati($1K#ER K($se$trasi #em(%l('i$ Eritr(sit Rata-rata1Ka&ar #' ya$% &i&a"at "er eritr(sit &i$yata,a$ &e$%a$ 0



#ITUN4 ?ENIS LEUKOSIT

• Tujua$: u$tu, me$%hitu$% "erse$tasesemua je$is leu,(sit &alam &arah te"i.

• M(r6(l(%i leu,(sit $(rmal &alam &arah

te"i 'iasa$ya ter&iri: – Bas(5l : 9-2 0

– E(si$(5l : 2-7 0

– Bata$% : 3- 0

– Se%me$ : +9-9 0

– Lim6(sit : 39-/9 0

– M($(sit : 3-C 0



• Kee$am je$is sel terse'ut 'er'e&a&alam: u,ura$ 'e$tu, i$ti *ar$asit("lasma serta %ra$ula &i

&alam$ya.

• Pr("(rsi jumlah masi$%-masi$% je$isleu,(sit terse'ut &a"at mem"u$yai

arti ,li$i, ya$% "e$ti$%.



• =($t(h:1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 jmlh

Bas 9

E(s II I III I I I II I I II 2+

Bat I I I I I +

Se% IIII III IIII IIII III IIII IIII II IIII IIII IIII II IIII I +7

Lim III IIII II I III II II III I II 3/

M($ I I I 7

T(tal 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 299



URINALISA

• Uri$alisa meru"a,a$ 'a%ia$ &ari"emeri,saa$ 5si, se!ara ruti$

• Ta$"a uri$alisa "emeri,saa$terha&a" "asie$ 'elumlah sem"ur$a

• ?a&i uri$alisa meru"a,a$ salah satu"emeri,saa$ la'(rat(rium ya$%"e$ti$% &alam &ia%$(sa ,li$i,



• Dari hasil a$alisis uri$ ,ita &a"at me$a6sir,a$3 ti"e "e$ya,it yaitu:I. A. Ta$&a-ta$&a a&a$ya "e$ya,it "a&a tra!t.

uri$arius misal: hematuria "us

B. Ta$&a-ta$&a "e$ya,it %i$jal se$&iri misal:sili$&er>t(ra, "r(tei$uria

II. Ta$&a-ta$&a a&a$ya "e$ya,it &i luar %i$jal misal:

• DM %lu,(suria

• Pe$ya,it hati>salura$ em"e&u 'iliru'i$uria• Pe$ya,it ya$% &isertai 6e'ris &e!(m" !(r&is

"r(tei$uria

• Multi"el myel(ma "r(tei$ Be$!e ?($es &ll



PEN4UMPULAN URIN

• U$tu, me$&a"at,a$ uri$ steril &a"at&ila,u,a$

– Katheter

– Mi&stream uri$ uri$ "(rsi te$%ah1

– Su"ra "u'i! "u$!ture uri$ SPP1

• Uri$ se*a,tu: uri$ ya$% &i,eluar,a$

sem'ara$% *a,tu &i"a,ai u$tu,"emeri,saa$ ruti$ terutama"emeri,saa$ ,ualitati6



• Uri$ "a%i hari: uri$ "ertama ya$%&i,eluar,a$ "a%i hari setelah 'a$%u$ ti&ur&i"a,ai u$tu, "emeri,saa$ se&ime$ B?

uri$ "r(tei$• Uri$ "(st"ra$&ial: uri$ ya$% &i,eluar,a$ ± 3 jam setelah ma,a$ &i"a,ai u$tu,"emeri,saa$ re&u,si>%lu,(sa

• Uri$ 3/ jam: uri$ ya$% &i,um"ul,a$ selama3/ jam &i"a,ai u$tu, "emeri,saa$,ua$titati6



PEN4AWET URIN

• Bila ,ita terlam'at me$%irim uri$ ,e la' >,ita se&a$% si'u, &e$%a$ "emeri,saa$=ITO ma,a "emeri,saa$ uri$ &a"at &itu$&a&e$%a$ !ara:

2. Disim"a$ &alam lemari es /(1 &alam '(t(ltertutu"

3. De$%a$ me$!am"ur,a$ t(lue$e &alam uri$.

Bai, u$tu, me$%a*et %lu,(sa aset($ asamaset(asetat

7. De$%a$ thym(l mem"u$yai &aya "e$%a*etse"erti t(lue$a.

Bai, u$tu, me$%a*et se&ime$ meli$&u$%istru,tur sel &a$ sili$&er1



• Pe$%a*et la$juta$1... :/. De$%a$ me$!am"ur,a$ 6(rmal&ehy&e /90

6(rmali$1 &alam uri$.

Khusus &i"a,ai u$tu, me$%,($se$trirsili$&er

+. De$%a$ asam sul6at "e,at #3SO/1

Di"a,ai u$tu, "e$eta"a$ ,ua$titati6 &ari:=a N &a$ a$(r%a$i, lai$.

. De$%a$ s(&ium !ar'($at Na3=O71

#a$ya &i"a,ai u$tu, me$e$tu,a$ e,s,resiur('ili$(%e$ &alam uri$ 3/ jam.



SUSUNAN URIN

• Di"e$%aruhi (leh 6a,t(r-6a,t(r:

2. Ma,a$a$

3. Pr(ses meta'(li,

7. Kemam"ua$ %i$jal me$se,resi 'aha$-'aha$



• at-;at ya$% ter&a"at&alam uri$: – Urea

– Na=l

– Asam urat – Kreati$i$

– Am($ia,

– Pr(tei$ jmlh ,e!il1

– E$;im

– Puri$ 6(s6at – Sul6at (r%a$i, >

a$(r%a$i,1

– =ysti$e methi($i$e

– 4ula-%ula: "e$t(sa

– As. O,salat

– As. Sitrat – As. Piru)at

– Asam-asam lema,

– #(rm($: ,(rti,(ster(i&-estr(%e$ al&(ster($

– =athe!(lami$e – Ser(t($i$

– )itami$ &ll



PEMERIKSAAN URINLEN4KAP

• Ma,r(s,("i,: – ?umlah

– War$a

– Kejer$iha$

– Bau

– B?

– "# &a$ rea,si

• Kimia: – Pr(tei$

– 4lu,(sa

– Biliru'i$ ur('ili$ur('ili$(%e$

– Aset($

– 'e$;i&i$

• Mi,r(s,("i,:

– Eritr(sit

– Leu,(sit

– Sili$&er – Kristal

– Sel-sele"ithel

– &ll

i, , , i,



Pemeri,saa$ Ma,r(s,("i,Uri$

2. ?umlah uri$

• N(rmal uri$ (ut"ut rata-rata 2999-2+99 mL>hr

• A'$(rmal: Oli%uria Keti&a,mam"ua$ %i$jal u$tu, mem'e$tu, uri$

&alam jumlah ya$% !u,u" u$tu, meme$uhi

,e'utuha$ meta'(lisme E,s,resi uri$ +99 mL>hr

Dijum"ai "a&a: &ehi&rasi &iarrhea 'erat



• A'$(rmal la$juta$....1: A$uria Keti&a,mam"ua$ %i$jal u$tu, mem'e$tu, uri$

sama se,ali ja&i meru"a,a$ ,ela$juta$ &ari

(li%uria Biasa$ya e,s,resi uri$ 399 mL>hr

P(liuria Suatu ,ea&aa$ &i ma$a e,sresi uri$ Q 3999

mL>hr 'ila i$ta,e !aira$ &i'atasi selama 2/ jam1 N(!turia Kea&aa$ &i ma$a e,s,resi uri$ "a&a malam hari

Q +99 mL &a$ B? $ya 292C



3. Berat ?e$is Uri$ – N(rmal B? uri$ a$tara: 2997 - 2979 – A'$(rmal ter&a"at )ariasi e,strim a$tara: 2992

299

– U$tu, "emeri,saa$ B? uri$ 'iasa$ya &i%u$a,a$alat URINOMETER

7. "# uri$ &a$ rea,si uri$ – Uri$ ya$% &i,um"ul,a$ selama 3/ jam 'iasa$ya

'ersi6at asam yaitu &e$%a$ "# ,ira-,ira 3

– Batas-'atas $(rmal "# uri$ a&alah / C – Rea,si atau "# uri$ &a"at &ite$tu,a$ &e$%a$

semu&ah-mu&ah$ya mema,ai ,ertas i$&i,at(rmisal ,ertas la,mus &a$ ,ertas $itra;i$



/. Kejer$iha$

– Uri$ se%ar a&alah uri$ jer$ih

– Uri$ ,eruh ji,a &i'iar,a$>&i&i$%i$,a$

,are$a a&a$ya le$&ir sel-sel e"itel &a$leu,(sit ya$% me$%e$&a"

– A'$(rmal 'ila ,eruh &ari semula

se'a'-se'a' 'a,teri u$sur-u$surse&ime$ QQ



+. War$a

– N(rmal: 'er*ar$a ,u$i$% mu&a-,u$i$%tua &ise'a',a$ (leh ur(,r(m &a$

ur('ili$ – A'$(rmal misal:

• Ku$i$% : 'iliru'i$ ('at-('ata$ sa$t($i$ri'(a)i$

• Merah : #' ur(erythri$

• =(,lat-,ehitama$: hematuria



. Bau

– N(rmal: &ise'a',a$ (leh asam-asam(r%a$i, ya$% mu&ah me$%ua"

– A'$(rmal:• Ma,a$a$ ya$% me$%a$&u$% ;at )(latile

mu&ah me$%ua"1 mis. je$%,(l "etai&uria$

• O'at-('ata$: me$th(l

• Bau am($ia,: i$6e,si salura$ ,e$!i$%

• Bau 'usu,: =a salura$ ,e$!i$%



PEMERIKSAAN MIKROSKOPIKSEDIMEN1

• Baha$:

– Uri$ se%ar &alam jam1 se'ai,$ya uri$ "a%i

– Pe$%a*et: / tetes 6(rmali$ 2 !! t(lue$e1 tia"239 !! uri$

• =ara:

– -C !! uri$ &i"usi$% 2+99-3999 r"m + me$it

– Su"er$ata$t &i'ua$% sisa,a$ 2>3 !!

– Tetes,a$ &i atas ,a!a ('je, tutu" &e$%a$ ,a!a"e$utu" lalu "eri,sa &i 'a*ah mi,r(s,(" &e$%a$('je, 29 LPK1 lalu &e$%a$ ('je, /9 LPB1



UNSUR-UNSUR SEDIMEN

• Umum$ya &i'a%i atas 3 %(l($%a$:

– U$sur-u$sur (r%a$i,:

Berasal &ari suatu (r%a$>jari$%a$

– U$sur-u$sru a$(r%a$i,:

Bu,a$ 'erasal &ari sesuatu jari$%a$



UNSUR-UNSUR OR4ANIK

2. Sel e"ithel

• Sel i$i 'eri$ti satu u,ura$$ya le'ih'esar &ari leu,(sit 'e$tu,$ya 'er'e&a

me$urut tem"at asal$ya.• N(rmal e"ithel &ari 'er'a%ai tem"at &i

tra,tus uri$arius &a"at &ijum"ai se&i,it&alam se&ime$ uri$

• Bila jumlah$ya 'a$ya, 'erarti a&a "r(ses"at(l(%is "a&a 'a%ia$ asal e"itelterse'ut



3. Leu,(sit• Tam"a, se"erti sel 'ulat 'er'utir-'utir halus

'esar$ya 29-23 • N(rmal jumlah$ya &alam se&ime$: 2-+>LPB

• Pyuria me$u$ju,,a$ a&a$ya "era&a$%a$ &alamtra,tus uri$arius

7. Eritr(sit• Tam"a, se'a%ai sel 'ulat ta$"a i$ti 'er*ar$a

,ehijau-hijaua$

• N(rmal jumlah$ya: 9-2>LPB &alam se&ime$ uri$• Dalam uri$ "e,at eritr(sit me$%,erut

crenated1 &alam uri$ e$!er eritr(sitme$%em'a$%



/. Sili$&er t(ra,1

a. Sili$&er hiali$

sisi-sisi$ya "aralel &a$ uju$%-uju$%$ya

mem'ulat h(m(%e$ 'e$i$%>ta,'er*ar$a

'. Sili$&er 'er'utir halus>,asar

!. Sili$&er eritr(sit&. Sili$&er leu,(sit

e. Sili$&er lema,



+. Sili$&r(i&: ham"ir seru"a sili$&erhiali$ ta"i salah satu uju$%$yame$yem"it se"erti 'e$a$%

. O)al 6at '(&iessel e"itel ya$% me$%alami &e%e$erasilema, 'e$tu,$ya mem'ulat

. S"ermat(;(a

C. Be$a$% le$&ir: 'e$tu,$ya "a$ja$%sem"it 'er(m'a,-(m'a,



8. P(t($%a$-"(t($%a$ jari$%a$

29.Ba,teri-'a,teri misal: S. typhi, M.tbc, E. coli

22.Parasit-"arasit misal:

– Trichomonas vaginalis

– Schistosoma haematobium



UNSUR-UNSUR ANOR4ANIK

2. Baha$ am(r6

N(rmal: – Urat-urat &alam uri$ asam – <(s6at-6(s6at &alam uri$ li$&i

3. Kristal-,ristala. N(rmal:

• Dalam uri$ asam: asam urat Na-urat• Dalam uri$ $etral>a%a, li$&i: =a-(alat•

Dalam uri$ li$&i: Tri"le 6(s6at =a-!ar'($at =a-6(s6at'. A'$(rmal• =ysti$e leu!i$e tyr(si$e• =h(lester(l 'iliru'i$ haemat(i&i$



PEMERIKSAAN KIMIAWI

Pr(tei$

• A&a$ya "r(tei$ &alam uri$ &ise'ut:"r(tei$uria

• Pemeri,saa$ "r(tei$uria 'er&asar,a$:I. Presi"itasi:

• Asam sul6(sali!yl

• Asam asetat &e$%a$ "ema$asa$1

II.K(l(rimetri: misal. Al'usti le'ihs"esi5, u$tu, al'umi$1



• Pe$ilaia$

-1 : teta" jer$ih

2 1 : ,eruh halus

3 1 : 'er'utir-'utir halus

7 1 : 'er'utir-'utir ,asar 'er,e"i$%-,e"i$% halus1

/ 1 : 'er,e"i$%-,e"i$% ,asar



PROTEINURIA

<isi(l(%is:• Kerja 5si, ya$%

'erat (rt(stati,,ehamila$

• Ke&i$%i$a$ &emam

Pat(l(%is:• Re$al:

– Ne6ritis $e6r(sis – Kerusa,a$ %i$jal

"a&a: TB= Lues =aDM

• Prere$al: – Be$&u$%a$ ,are$a

&e!(m". =(r&is – Sir(sis he"atis – Tum(r ya$% me$e,a$

).re$alis>!a'a$%-!a'a$%$ya

– at ,imia: A% P't(i$ &a$ ('at-('ata$

• P(st re$al: – Pyelitis – =ystitis – urethritis



<AE=ES

• Pemeri,saa$ ti$ja:U$tu, mela,u,a$ "emeri,saa$ ti$ja ma,ase'a%ai !($t(h &i&a"at &ari ti$ja ya$%,eluar s"($ta$ atau &i"er(leh &ari re!tal

s*a' &e$%a$ me$%%u$a,a$ saru$%ta$%a$. Pemeri,saa$ ti$ja ti&a, '(leh&itu$&a le'ih &ari 'e'era"a jam 7 jam1:u$tu, "r(t(;(a Entamoeba hystolitica1

"emeri,saa$ haruslah &ila,u,a$ &alam*a,tu ,ura$% &ari 79 me$it seja, ti$ja&i"er(leh>&i,eluar,a$. Ti$ja harus&i"erla,u,a$ se'a%ai 'aha$ i$6e,sius.



Ma,r(s,("is

• (lume – N(rmal : 299-3+9 ml atau %ram

– A'$(rmal : &iare

• War$a – N(rmal : ,u$i$%>!(,lat mu&a>!(,lat tua

– A'$(rmal :• Pu!at>*ar$a &em"ul a!h(li! "a&a i,terus

('stru,ti6 setelah ma,a$ 'u'ur 'arium *a,tu

"emeri,saa$ ra&i(l(%i,• Merah se"erti isi 'uah !herry re& !urra$t jelly1 "a&a

,asus i$)a%i$asi usus

• #itam (leh "re"arat <e "a&a mele$a



Ma,r(s,("is

• Bau: Khas (leh ,are$a a&a$ya i$&(ls,at(l &a$ asam 'utirat

• K($siste$si:

– N(rmal : lu$a,

– A'$(rmal : !air "a&a &iare

,eras "a&a ,($sti"asi

Perhati,a$ a&a$ya &arah atau "arasit-"arasit.



Mi,r(s,("is

• Se'a%ai laruta$ "e$%e$!er &i"a,aiNa=l 980 atau e(si$ 230 atau lu%(l20

– N(rmal: sel-sel e"itel sisa ma,a$a$ selra%i Blast(!ystis h(mi$is

– A'$(rmal: telur !a!i$% Ascaris

lumbricoides Enterobius vermicularis,Trichuris trichiura, Necator americanus, Ancylostoma duodenale



• Pr(t(;(a:

– e%etati6>,ista E.hist(lyti!a

– Ma,r(6a%

– Kista =har!((t ley&e$• =hemist>,husus:

– Be$;i&i$e test

– K($se$trasi ,ista &a$ telur: ,ista &a$ telur&ia"u$%,a$ &e$%a$ me$%%u$a,a$ laruta$$SO/.#3O ya$% ,emu&ia$ &i"utar &e$%a$

!e$tri6u%e "arasit(l(%i.

it 2 - pemeriksaan hematologi khusus - ykb.ppt

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