intermodal system mbu

Intermodal SystemMateri Pelajaran

Manajemen Bandar Udara

Oleh :

Safrudin Kurniawan, S.Kom, M.Sc.

Tujuan Instruksional Khusus :

Peserta Diklat Manajemen Bandar Udara dapat merencanakan dan mengembangkan sistem transportasi antarmoda/multimoda di Bandara masing – masing sehingga tercipta keterpaduan pelayanan dan keterpaduan prasarana transportasi yang efektif dan efisien.

Outline

Definition of Transport

Mode of Transportasi

Modal Choise

Public Transport Vs Private Transport

Future Transport

Unimodal, Intramodal, Intermodal and Multimodal

Sistranas

Cetak Biru Transportasi Antarmoda/Multimoda Nasional

Studi Kasus

Kesimpulan

The Sisyphus Analogy in Transportation

Distan

ce

Friction

Volume

Effor

t

∟

What is transportation ?

• Transport or transportation is the movement of people, animals and goods from one location to another.

Different Representations of Distance

A B

A B

TransshipmentPickup Delivery

TransshipmentPickup Delivery

Order

Inventory ManagementUnpacking

Order ProcessingPackingScheduling

SortingWarehousing

Euclidean Distance

Transport Distance

A B

Mode 1 Mode 2

Logistical Distance

Mode 1 Mode 2

Key Dimensions of Transportation

Dimension

Historical Changes brought by transport technologies. Rise of civilizations (e.g. Egypt, Rome and China). Development of modern nation states. Globalization.

Economic Transport and economic development (indirectly and directly). Factor in the production and added-value of goods and services. Facilitates economies of scale. Influences land (real estate) value. Contributes to the specialization of regions.

Social Access to healthcare, welfare, and cultural events. Shape social interactions.

Political Nation building and national unity. National defense (Roman empire, American road network). Rules and regulations. Mobility often subsidized (e.g. public transit or highways).

Environmental Important environmental impacts. Pollution, exploitation of natural resources.

Core Components of Transportation

Modes•Conveyances (vehicles) used to move passengers or freight.•Mobile elements of transportation.

Infrastructures•Physical support of transport modes, such as routes and terminals.•Fixed elements of transportation.

Networks•System of linked locations (nodes).•Functional and spatial organization of transportation.

Flows•Movements of people, freight and information over their network.•Flows have origins, intermediary locations and destinations.

Mode of Transportation

Road Transportation• Private transport• For-hire transport• Public Transport

Rail Transportaion

Pipeline

Air Transportation

Maritime Transportation• Light-Heavy cargo handling• Passenger services• Recreational boating• Ferry services• Rural-urban transport services

Factors affecting mode choice

•Social•Economy

User Characteristi

c

•Purpose•Distance•Time, duration

Travel Characteristi

cs

•Mode of transport availability

Transport System

Condition

Distance, Modal Choice and Transport Costs

Distance

Tran

sp

ort

costs

per

un

it Road

Rail Maritime

D1 D2

C1 C2

C3

Main Passenger Modal Options

Copyright © 1998-2014, Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue, Dept. of Global Studies & Geography, Hofstra University. For personal or classroom use ONLY. This material (including graphics) is not public domain and cannot be published, in whole or in part, in ANY form (printed or electronic) and on any media without consent. This includes conference presentations. Permission MUST be requested prior to use.

Air

Scheduled

Charter

Car

Taxi

Van/Bus

Road

Intercity

HSR

Subway

Commuter

LRT

Monorail

RailMariti

me

Ferry

Cruise

Transit

Bicycle

Walking

Motorcycle

RoRo

High Speed

Main Freight Modal Options


Air

Package

Heavy

Package

Less than Truckload

(LTL)

Truck

Dry Van

Tank

Flatbed

Curtainside

Reefer

Hopper

Open Top

Unit Train

Carload

Boxcar

Tank Car

Flat Car

Reefer

Hopper

Gondola

RailMariti

me

Break-bulk

Liquid Bulk

RoRo

Dry Bulk

ISO Contain

erReefer

Flatrack

Pipeline

Pipeline

Oil

Gas

Water

Tank

Inland / Coastal

Tow

River/sea

Tank bargeDeck bargeHopper barge

Container Contai

ner

Chassis

Intermodal

Freighter

Bellyhold

Truckload (TL)

TOFC

Domestic

Transportation and the Mobility of Passengers and Freight

Sh

are

of to

tal p

assen

gers

or to

ns-k

m

Distance

Passengers

CommutingShoppingRecreation

BusinessTourism

Migration

Waste disposalLocal distribution

TradeEnergy & Raw Materials

Commodity / Supply ChainsFreight

Operational Differences between Passengers and Freight Transportation

Board, get off and transfer without assistance.

Process information and act on it without assistance.Make choices between

transport modes without assistance but often

irrationally.Require travel

accommodations related to comfort and safety.

Must be loaded, unloaded and transferred.

Information must be processed through logistics

managers.Logistics managers meet

choices between transport modes rationally.

Require limited travel accommodations.

Passengers Freight

Performance Comparison for Selected Freight Modes

Barge

Hopper car

100 car train unit

Semi-trailer truck

1500 Tons / 50-100 TEU52,500 Bushels453,600 Gallons

100 Tons / 4 to 5.3 TEU3,500 Bushels30,240 Gallons

10,000 Tons / 400 to 530 TEU350,000 Bushels3,024,000 Gallons

26 Tons / 2.65 TEU910 Bushels7,865 Gallons9,000 for a tanker truck

57.7 (865 for 15 bargesin tow)18 to 40 (intermodal)

2.0 (intermodal) to 3.8

385

1

Panamax containership5,000 TEU 2,116

VLCC

300,000 tons2 million barrels of oil

747-400F

100-125 tons(Depending on freightdensity and range)

9,330

5

Capacity Truck EquivalencyVehicle

Doublestackrail car

100 car intermodal train

Congestion

How long you go to Airport by Car ?And how long you go to another City by Plane ?

Fuel Consumption Comparison

Modes Fuel Consumtion (Kcal/pnp-km)

Private car 580

Airplane 394

Ferry 295

Bus 247

Train 100

Carbon Emision

Modes of transportation

CO2 (Gram/pnp-km)

Private Car 45

Airplane 30

Ferry 24

Bus 19

LRT 9

Train 5

Subway/MRT 3

Comparison of the Relative Efficiencies of Rail and Trucking in the United StatesMode Fuel

ConsumptionInfrastructure Capacity

Costs Safety

Railroad 455 ton-miles per gallon

216 million tons per mainline per year

2.7 cents per ton-mile

0.61 fatalities per billion ton-miles; 12.4 incidents per billion ton-miles

Trucking 105 ton-miles per gallon

37.8 million tons per lane per year

5.0 cents per ton-mile

1.45 fatalities per billion ton-miles; 36.4 incidents per billion ton-miles


Compare : Bus, Bicycle, Car

Cars Vs LRT

Future Transportation

• Reduce using private car will revitalize other modes.

• Many modes >> many options >> prograss indicator.

• Many modes will encourage competition, Synergy: need a CONCEPT

• Consumer orientation NOT producer orentation.• Environmentally friendly and energy saving.

Definition

Unimodal Transportation

• Carriage of goods by only one mode of transport (road, rail, sea-inland waterways, air, pipeline).

Intramodal Transportation

• The movements of passengers or freight within the same mode of transport.

Intermodal Transportation

• The movements of passengers or freight from one mode of transport to another, commonly taking place at a terminal specifically designed for such a purpose.

Multimodal Transportation

• The transportation of goods under a single contract, but performed with at least two different means of transport; the carrier is liable (in a legal sense) for the entire carriage, even though it is performed by several different modes of transport (by rail, sea and road, for example).

Intermodal Transportation as an Integrative Force

AC

D

F

E

B

AC

D

F

E

B

Rail

Road

Transshipment

Transshipment

Intermodal Integrated NetworkUnimodal Point-to-Point Network

Intermodal Transport Chain

Composition

Transfer

Interchange

DecompositionLocal / Regional Distribution

National / International Distribution

Transport Terminal

‘First mile’

‘Last mile’

Intermodal Sytem Element


Intermodal Transportation Combination

• Roadway – Railway• Roadway – Waterway (sea, river)• Roadway – Air Transportation• Roadway – Railway – Air Transportation• Railway – Waterway• Railway – Air Transportation

Consideration in Transfer Point

Design of facilities and equipment

Schedule coordination

Unified Ticketing

Real time reliable travel information

Sistem Transportasi Nasional

• Effective• Effisien

Sistranas

• Jaringan Pelayanan

• Jaringan Prasarana

• Service Provider

Transportasi

Antarmoda

Multinoda

• Single Operator

• Single document

• Single Tariff

• Single Ticket

Single seamle

s service

Komponen angkutan umum antarmoda/multimoda

• Moda penghubung (connecting modes)• Moda utama (main modes)• Jaringan antarmoda (intermodal network)• Transfer Point• Intermodal Transfer Point• Peraturan

Stasiun Kertapati telah terkoneksi dengan Bus Air dan Trans Musi

Example of Intermodal Connection for an Airline Passanger


Permasalahan :

• Kualitas badan usaha angkutan multimoda nasional masih belum sebaik dinegara lain, hal ini disebabkan pernbinaan dan mutu SDM yang belum baik.

• Kurang lancarnya arus barang yang mengakibatkan ekonomi biaya tinggi khususnya pada simpul transportasi seperti di pelabuhan dan bandar udara tertentu.

• Mobilitas orang khususnya pada sirnpul perkotaan metropolitan masih rendah disebabkan antara lain masih kurangnya manajemen antar dan intra moda.

• Masih rendahnya arus barang dan mobilitas orang di sebagian wilayah Indonesia, khususnya pada daerah tertinggal yang disebabkan kurangnya jaringan transportasi antar moda


•Visi transportasi antarrnoda/rnultirnoda tahun 2030 adalah -Arus Barang dan Mobilitas Orang Efektif dan Efisien.Visi

•Mewujudkan kelancaran arus barang.•Mewujudkan kelancaran rnobilitas orang.Misi

•Menekan Iarnanya waktu pelayanan pada simpuI moda transportasi.•Menurunkan biaya pelayanan transportasi pada sirnpul moda transportasi.•Meningkatkan kelancaran arus barang dan rnobilitas orang pada kota metropolitan.•Meningkatkan aksesibilitas rnasyarakat dari dan ke daerah tertinggal.

Tujuan

Strategi Pengembangan Antarmoda/Multimoda di Bandara

Meningkatkan kinerja pelayanan kargo pada 14 bandar udara yang menangani sebagian besar (96%) arus kargo, dengan cara :

• Optimasi dengan kegiatan berupa peningkatan manajemen pergudangan.

• Pengembangan dan pembangunan fasilitas terminal untuk kargo• Peningkatan aksesibilitas ke bandara kargo

Pengembangan dan pembangunan fasilitas terminal untuk kargo :

• Pengembangan city check in dan port of origin bagi kargo ekspor dan port destination bagi kargo impor.

• Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan terminal kargo baru.• Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan cargo consolidation

dan cargo distribution.• Pengadaan alat bongkar muat containerized cargo.• lnstalasi peralatan cargo weighting terintegrasi dengan x-ray kargo,

history image dan record weighting.• Instalasi system handling kargo bandara dengan Unit Load Devices

(ULD).• Pengadaan dan pengoperasian trucking system.• Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan dry port sebagai

fasilitas inland customs and quarantee clearance dan penyelesaian administrasi ekspor/impor one stop.

• Instalasi/pengadaan sistem roler dan freighter.• Pengembangan dan instalasi sistem Electronic Data Interchange (EDI).• Pengadaan dan instalasi cold storage.

Peningkatan aksesibilitas ke bandara kargo :

Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan jalur kereta api menuju bandara.

Penataan/peningkatan aksesibilitas dari dan ke cargo area.

Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan jalan tol dari dan ke bandar udara.

Perencanaan, perancangan dan pembangunan jalan layang akses ke bandar udara.

Studi Kasus : Antarmoda/Multimoda Bandara Adi Sutjipto Yogyakarta

Bandara Adi

Sutjipto

Trans Jogja

KA Pramex

Damri

Batik Solo Trans

Bandara Adi

Sumarmo

Studi Kasus : Antarmoda/Multimoda Kota Palembang

Bandara SMB II

Bus Air

Trans Musi

Stasiun Kertapa

ti

Feeder

Studi Kasus Antarmoda/Multimoda Bandara di Jerman (1992)

Airport Type of Service Link

Berlin Local and Main Line service

Bremen Local Tram

Dusseldorf Local and Lufthansa Service

Frankfurt Local and Main Line and Lufthansa service

Munich Local Service

Intermodality is a central success factor at Frankfurt Airport:

Antar Moda di Frankfurt Airport

Long-distance train station: - 174 high-speed long-distance trains per day (2013)- 5.600.000 passengers per year (2013)

Regional train station: - 223 commuter and regional trains per day (2013)- 294,000 passengers per month (2013)- travel time to downtown Frankfurt: 15 minutes

Road: -direct access to the intersection of Germany's most important autobahns, the A5 (north/south) and the A3 (east/west)

Parking: - 28,500 car parking facilities

Bus terminal: - 240 bus stops per day in local and regional public transportation

Antar Moda di Frankfurt Airport

KESIMPULANAgar transportasi antarmoda sukses harus mendapat dukungan dari semua stake holder.Untuk mencapai hal tersebut sistem harus dilihat sebagai bagian dari Sistem Transportasi Nasional demi mewujudkan transportasi yang efektif dan efisien.Transportasi antarmoda di bandara akan sukses jika didukung juga oleh jaringan transportasi massal di wilayah tersebut.Jika transportasi antarmoda dianggap sebagai saingan bukan sebagai pelengkap maka tidak akan bisa berkembang.Kersama yang lebih besar antara transportasi udara dengan transportasi antarmoda dapat memberikan pilihan untuk mengatasi kemacetan baik di darat maupun diudara.

Kepentingan Umum Harus(nya) diatas Kepentingan Pribadi

THANK YOU | TERIMA KASIH