hydro plant-indonesia

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Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh Hydro Power Plant Isi Pendahuluan Tipe PLTA KomponenUtama Unjuk Kerja Ringkasan

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Page 1: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga AirDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Isi

Pendahuluan

Tipe PLTA

KomponenUtama

Unjuk Kerja

Ringkasan

Page 2: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Pendahuluan(1)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air => listrik dari tenaga air

2. Sekitar 15% daya yang dibangkitkan di Malaysia Hydro plants in

Peninsular Malaysia

3. Fungsi lain PLTA:

Irigasi Pencegah Banjir Pasokan air bersih

Reservoir

Penstock

Page 3: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Pendahuluan (2)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Keuntungan:

Air => sumber energi paling murah Biaya operasi & perawatan rendah Cepat dalam “menghidupkan” Cepat tanggap terhadap variasi beban Pembangkit berumur lebih panjang Kebutuhan pekerja rendah Tidak ada emisi Mempunyai fungsi guna yang lain Handal=> sedikit “trippings”

Kerugian:

Biaya konstruksi awal tinggi Lokasi jauh dari pusat beban Tergantung pada ketersediaan air Pembangunan perlu waktu lama Isu lingkungan seperti gundulnya hutan

Page 4: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Tipe-tipe PLTA (1)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. PLTA dapat digolongkan berdasarkan karakteristik aliran air/penampung

2. Tipe:Run of river plants (mini hydro)

Storage/reservoir plants

Pump storage plants

3. Type 1: Run of river plants:

a. Utilize the water flow as it runs through the year

b. No significant storage/dam for power generation

c. Typical for mini-hydro scheme => suitable for low

consumption at remote areas

d. Ukuran kapasitas : 10 - 1600 kW

Page 5: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Tipe-tipe PLTA (2)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

3. Tipe 2: Pembangkit Penampung (Storage) / waduk (reservoir):

a. Waduk (dams) berukuran besar => kapasitas pembangkitan tinggi

b. Tipe paling umum untuk pembangkitan daya komersial

Page 6: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Types of hydro plants (3)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

4. Pump storage plants:

b. Water storage obtained by pumping back from tail race

=> utilize low value, off-peak power (usually surplus)

a. Used only for short duration=> to meet peak load

c. Improves overall efficiency & reliablity of system grid

Page 7: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Komponen-komponen utama (1)

Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Reservoir Dam Inlet water ways Power house Tailrace

Page 8: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Major components (2)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Reservoir:

a. Includes catchment area and water reservoir

c. Head race => water surface level of the reservoir

d. Reservoir can be natural or artificial (i.e. with dam)

b. Purpose: to store water

2. Dam:

a. A structure of masonry and/or rock fill built across a river

b. Purpose: i) to provide head of water

ii) to create storage or pondage

Hydro plant: Reservoir

Hydro plant: Dam

Page 9: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Major components (3)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

3. Inlet water ways:

a. Passages through which is conveyed from dam to power house

c. Penstock => closed pressure pipes made

of reinforced concrete or steel

b. Includes: Penstock/tunnel, spillways

Hydro plant: Tunnel

d. Tunnel => made by cutting mountains

e. Spillways => provide discharge of surplus water from

storage reservoir into river

Hydro plant: Spillways

Page 10: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Major components (4)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

4. Power House:

a. Building that houses turbines, generators and other auxiliaries

b. Typical hydro plant turbines:

* Pelton turbine => Impulse

* Francis turbine => Mainly reaction

* Kaplan turbine => Reaction

Hydro plant: Pelton turbine

Hydro plant: Francis turbine

Hydro plant: Kaplan turbine

5. Tail race:

a. Passage for discharging

water leaving the turbine

Bersia

Hydro plant: Turbine-generator

Page 11: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Performance (1)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Important hydro turbine parameters:

2. Power generated from hydro plant is given by:

HQP P = Power

Q = Rate of water flow

H = head

= efficiency

3. Specific speed:

a. Speed of turbine when delivers 1

horsepower under 1 metre head

Power Head Efficiency Specific speed Discharge

b. Independent of shape and size of turbine

c. Helps in selecting suitable type of turbine

4/5H

PNN s N = Turbine speed

Page 12: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Performance (2)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

4. Typical problems:

a. Sedimentation:

* Deposition of silt in the reservoir

* Cause reduction of water storage capacity

* Minimised by reclaimation/dredging

b. Cavitation:

* Formation of water vapour & air bubbles

due to reduction of pressure

* Occurs mainly at discharge end of blades

* Causes erosion of blade

* Prevention: material selection, selection of specific speed,

polishing surfaces, optimum dimension of runner

Page 13: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

SummaryDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

1. Types of hydro plants: run of river, reservoir, & pump storage

2. Main components: reservoir, dam, inlet water ways, power

house, tail race

3. Types of hydro turbine : Pelton, Francis, and Kaplan

4. Major hydro plant parameters: power, head, discharge,

effciency and specific speed

5. Problem khas: sedimentasi dan kavitasi

Thank You

Page 14: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Page 15: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Page 16: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: waduk (reservoir)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

BersiaKenyir

Page 17: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: Bendungan (Dams)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Kenyir

Bersia

Page 18: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: Terowongan (Tunnel)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Pergau

Page 19: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: Pelimpah (Spillways)Dr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Pergau

Kenyir

Temengor

Page 20: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: Turbin-generatorDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Pergau : turbine pit

Woh :

Generator

Page 21: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: turbin PeltonDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Sg. Piah

Page 22: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: Turbin FrancisDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant

Page 23: Hydro Plant-Indonesia

PLTA: Turbin KaplanDr. Mohd Hariffin Boosroh

Hydro Power Plant