hormon intro

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HORMON  Dr. SRI MUKTI SUHA RTINI,M.Kes  Prof Dr . Hj. QOMARIY A H, MS, PKK, AIFM 

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Page 1: Hormon Intro

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HORMON

 Dr. SRI MUKTI SUHARTINI,M.Kes

 Prof Dr. Hj. QOMARIYAH, MS, PKK, AIFM 

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HORMON

Fungsi tubuh diatur oleh :

• Sistem saraf 

• Sistem hormonal (sistem endokrin)

Saraf Khusus utk penghantaran epat

Hormonal !enghantaran sin"al lbh lambat drpdsaraf#

Mengatur sistem sirkulasi utk

melindungi bgn tbh $arak $auh

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Sistem endokrin

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Hormon

• %dalah Suatu &messenger' (perantara ) kimia dlm

tbh "ang disintesis oleh sel penghasil hormon

 beker$a tdk h" pd kelen$ar hormon baahann"atetapi $uga pd sel*sel non endokrin# (Organ target

atau sel target)

• Hormon sel target "g spesifik saling mengenalsatu sama lain

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• Sel target memp# Reseptor (tmpt pengikat spesifik)

• %finitas reseptor thd hormon hrs sgt tinggi sbb

konsentrasi hormon dlm darah h" + , pikogram - bbrp .g per ml darah

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/erdasarkan struktur kimia hormon

dibagi atas :

• Hormon !eptida dan 0likoprotein

 - Reseptor terletak pada permukaan luar membran sel

target - 1th hormon peptida :

• 0nRH2 %3H24RH2Oksitosin2 !rolaktin2

MSH2%14H20lukagon25nsulin2dll#

 - 1th hormon glikoprotein :

• FSH26H24SH dan 7ritropoietin

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• Hormon Steroid - Struktur kimia berdasarkan pd inti steroid "g mirip

dengan kolesterol - Sbgn besar tipe ini berasal dari kolesterol

 - Reseptor terletak didalam sitoplasma sel

 - Hormon steroid "g hidrofobik berikatan dgn protein dlmdarah

• Mis# Kortisol progesteron 4ranskortin

  4estosteron 7strogen 0lobulin

 - 1ontoh : 4estosteron2 7strogen2 !rogesteron2Kortikosteroid#

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• Hormon "g berasal dari asam amino tirosin#

 - Reseptor terletak pada inti sel#

 - 1ontoh : !5H2 48 4927pinefrin Norepinefrin (Katekolamin)

Reseptor terletak pd permukaanmembran sel#

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Mekanisme ker$a hormonal

• !erubahan dlm permeabilitas membran

 - Mis# Katekolamin memp# 7fek kuat dlm

membukamenutup sal#ion membran utk Na2Kmengubah potensial membran sel otot polos spesifik

eksitasiinhibisi#

• %kti;asi en<im intraselluler saat st hormon bergabung

dengan satu reseptor membran# - Mis# 5nsulin mengikat gugus reseptor membran

 perubahan struktural molekul reseptor st kinase aktif

me fosforilase bbrp <at "g berbeda dlm sel#

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• %kti;asi gen mll penggabungan dgn reseptor

intraselluler 

 - Mis# Hormon steroid hormon tiroid bergab#dgnreseptor protein dlm sel kompleks reseptor hormon

"g diaktifkan mengaktifkan gugus spesifik dr rantai

3N% inti sel transkripsi gen spesifik RN%

messenger protein baru dibtk dlm sel pengatur

fgs selluler "g baru#

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Mekanisme seond messenger utk

memperantarai fgs hormon intraselluler 

• Seond messenger adalah alat "g digunakan hormon utk

mendesak ker$a intra selluler#

• %M!2Kalsium2 Kalmodulin2 !roduk pemeahan membranfosfolipid

• Respon fisiologis seond messenger :

 -  Mengaktifkan en<im

 -  Mengubah permeabilitas membran

 -  Men"ebabkan kontraksi otot

 -  Men"ebabkan sintesis protein

 -  Men"ebabkan sekresi

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Fungsi Hormon

• !engaturan nutrisi

• Metabolisme

• !ertumbuhan• !erkembangan

• Kematangan fisik psikis

• Mekanisme reproduksi

• Kemampuan adaptasi• Homeostasis

• 3sb

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Rangsangan aal untuk suatu respon hormonal

mulai dari SS! (hipothalamus)

neurosekresi pelepasan hormon darihipofise mengatur kel#endokrin perifer

organ target hormon akhir dilepas#

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!engaturan keepatan sekresi hormon

=mpan /alik : Kead# "g mrpk respons thd suatu sin"al(mis#Sbh sel thd st rgsan hormonal) mempengaruhi sbrsin"al#

Mekanisme umpan balik :

• Kel#endokrin memp# Keendrungan alami utkmensekresikan se#berlebihan hormonn"a#

• OK keendrungan ini hormon ak# Semakin menggunakanefek pengaturann"a pd organ target

• Organ target kmd ak# Melakukan fgsn"a

• >ika terlalu b"k fgs "g t$d bbrp faktor dr fgs itu ak#M$d umpan balik bagi kel#endokrin tsb#

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• =mpan /alik !ositif 

 -  Rangsangan diperkuat oleh sin"al

 -  Men"ebabkan respons "g berikutn"a lebih bsr "g memberikanumpan balik utk menghslkan st rgsan "g tetap lbh besar 

 -  Mis: Kadar estrogen "g tinggi sekali dalam darah kadar 6H

me O;ulasi

• =mpan /alik Negatif 

 -  Rangsangan diturunkan oleh respons

 -  Ker$a hormon keban"akan umpan balik negatif 

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!engukuran keep# /ersihan

metabolisme hormon

? faktor "g me atau me konsentrasi hormon dlm

darah :

,# Keep# Sekresi hormon?# Keep# !engangkutan hormon dari darah (@keep#

/ersihan metabolisme)

Keep# Klirens  @ ( keep#hilangn"a hormon dr plasma)

Metabolisme ( /esarn"a konsentrasi hormon dlm stp ml plasma)

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SELESAI

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What are endocrine systems for?What are endocrine systems for?

Endocrine Functions

•  Maintain Internal Homeostasis

•  Support Cell Growth

•  Coordinate Development

•  Coordinate eproduction•  Facilitate esponses to E!ternal Stimuli 

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What are the main types of receptors?What are the main types of receptors?

Mem"rane eceptors

Im"edded in tar#et cell mem"rane$ inte#ral proteins%#lycoproteins$ penetrate throu#h mem"rane

For protein & char#ed hormones 'peptides orneurotransmitters(

) ma*or #roups+ Serpentine , - transmem"rane

domains. Growth factor%cyto/ine , 0 transmem"ranedomain. Ion channels 

1uclear eceptors

1uclear proteins that usually act in pairs & "ind to

specific Hormone eco#nition Elements 'HEs( ,se2uences on the D13 in the promoter re#ions oftar#et #enes

For small. hydropho"ic molecules 'steroids. thyroidhormones( 

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What are feed"ac/ systems?What are feed"ac/ systems?

Feed"ac/s Generate Control 4oops

1e#ative 

5hese maintain hormonal "alance & are often lin/edto homeostatic processes6

If the multiplicative effect of the several lin/s in a

control loop is ne#ative. the entire control loop isne#ative6

7ositive 

5hese cause physiolo#ic chan#es in the systeminvolved6

If the multiplicative effect of the several lin/s in acontrol loop is positive. the entire control loop is

positive6 

--+

++

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