GEOKRONOLOGI

Holosen 0,01Plistosen 1,65

Plio

sen Akhir

Awal

3,5

5,2Awal manusia(homosapiens)

Mio

sen Akhir

TengahAwal

10,216,225,2

Rumput

Olig

osen Akhir

Awal

30,0

36,0E

osen

Akhir TengahAwal

39,049,054,0

Kuda

Pale

osen Akhir

Awal

60,2

66,5Akhir 96,0 Dinosaurus pu-Awal 131,0 nahAkhir 152,0Tengah 179,0 Burung (timbul)Awal 210,0Akhir 231,0Tengah 240,0 Dinosaurus Awal 250,0 (timbul)

290,0Batubara (rawa)

262,5

408,5

439,0Vertebrata

510,0 (ikan)Invertebrata

570,0 (laut)Bin. bersel satuTumbuhan laut

Am/Geokronologi

P A

L E

O G

E N

NE

OG

EN

T E

R S

I E

R

K E

N O

Z O

I K

U M

K A M B R I U M

K A R B O N

KAPUR

J U R A

TRIAS

ME

SOZ

OIK

UM

P E R E M

D E V O N

S I L U R

O R D O V I S I U M

Arkheozoikum – Proterozoikum – Pra Kambrium

P A

L E

O Z

O I

K U

M

ZAMAN K A L A

KUARTER

F A

N

E

R

O

Z

O

I

K

U

MUMURKURUN MASA KETERANGAN

Table 10b-1: Geologic time scale.

 Eon  Era  Period  Epoch  Major Geologic Milestones

Phanerozoic

Cenozoic

Quaternary(0-1.6 million yrs

BP)

  Holocene(Present-10,000

yrs BP)

Modern humans develop. Pleistocene Ice Age Interglacial.

  Pleistocene(10,000 -1,600,000

yrs BP)

Pleistocene Ice Age. Extinction of many species of large mammals and birds.

Tertiary

  Pliocene(1.6-5.3 million

yrs BP)

Development of hominid bipedalism. Cascade Mountains began forming. Climate cooling.

  Miocene(5.3-24 million yrs

BP)

Chimpanzee and hominid lines evolve. Extensive glaciation in Southern Hemisphere. Climate cooling.

  Oligocene(24-37 million yrs

BP)

Browsing mammals and many types of modern plants evolve. Creation of the Alps and Himalaya mountain chains. Volcanoes form in Rocky Mountains.

 Eocene(37-58 million yrs

BP)

Primitive monkeys evolve and Himalayas began forming. Australian plate separates from Antarctica. Indian plate collides with Asia.

 Paleocene(58-65 million yrs

BP)

Rats, mice, and squirrels evolve. Shallow continental seas become less widespread.

Mesozoic  Cretaceous(65-144 million

  First flowering plants, greatest dinosaur diversity, Cretaceous

 

Am/Geokronologi

yrs BP)

Mass Extinction (65 m BP), and Andes Mountains form. Africa and South America begin to separate. Climate cooling because of mountain building. Shallow seas have extensive distribution.

 Jurassic(144-208 million

yrs BP)

First birds and mammals appear. Nevadian Mountains form. Large areas of the continents covered by shallow seas. Climate generally warm and stable with little seasonal or latitudinal variation. Shallow seas expanding.

 Triassic(208-245 million

yrs BP)

First dinosaurs. Extensive deserts exist in continental interiors. Climate warm. Shallow seas limited in distribution.

Paleozoic

 Permian(245-286 million

yrs BP)

Permian Mass Extinction. Reptiles become more diverse. Climate cold at beginning of the Permian then warms. Average elevation of landmasses at their highest shallow seas less extensive.

 Pennsylvanian(286-320 million

yrs BP)

First reptiles appear.Winged insects evolve. Occasional glaciation in Southern Hemisphere.

 Mississippian(320-360 million

yrs BP)

Primitive ferns and insects evolve. Forests appear and become dominant. Mountain building producing arid habitats in the interior of some

Am/Geokronologi

continents.

 Devonian(360-408 million

yrs BP)

First amphibians and trees appear. Appalachian Mountains form. Extinction of primitive vascular plants. Landmasses generally increasing in altitude. Climate cooling.

 Silurian(408-438 million

yrs BP)

Major extinction event occurs. First land plants and insects. Continents are generally flat. Tectonic uplift begins.

 Ordovician(438-505 million

yrs BP)

First fish and fungi. Greatest extent of shallow seas. Climate becoming warmer.

 Cambrian(505-551 million

yrs BP)

Invertebrates become common. Fossilization of the Burgess Shale. Large areas of shallow seas near the equator. Climate was warm.

 Proterozoic(551-2500

million yrs BP)

 Also known as Precambrian

Eukaryotic cell organisms develop. First multicellular organisms. Changes in the lithosphere created major land masses and extensive shallow seas.

 Archean(2500-3800

million yrs BP)

Slow development of the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. First single-celled prokaryotic organisms.

 Hadean(3800-4600

million yrs BP)

Earth's oldest rocks come from the end of this Eon.

Am/Geokronologi