gangguan pendengaran dan keseimbangan, etiologi dan patogenesis

8/17/2019 Gangguan Pendengaran Dan Keseimbangan, Etiologi Dan Patogenesis

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Nama : Much Ikbal H Amir

1306376364 – DK 14

LTM Pemicu 5 – M !ul Pe"#ii"!eraa"

$%i l #i !a" Pa% #e"e&i& '% % k&i&i%a&

Pe"!ahulua"

'% % k&i&i%a& &ecara lua& !a(a% !i!e)"i&ika" &ecara lua& &eba#ai keru&aka"%eli"#a !alam akiba% % k&i" (a!a (e"##u"aa" ba% %er%e"%u* 1 Keru&aka" !a(a%%er+a!i (a!a k klea, a((ara%u& -er%ibular, !a".a%au &ara/ au!i% ri* '% % ki&i%a& +u#a!a(a% !iar%ika" &eba#ai kece"!eru"#a" ba% a%au a#e" kimia a"# !a(a%me" ebabka" !i&/u"#&i %eli"#a !alam, me"#ha&ilka" #e+ala beru(a kehila"#a"(e"!e"#ara", (u&i"#, a%au(u" ke!ua" a* Dila( rka" (a!a ha&il &%u!i !i rumah&aki% !i i"!ia !i %ahu" 1224, !ia"%ara 51 (a&ie" a"# !i ba%i !e"#a" &%re(% m ci",100 me"#alami (u&i"#, 52,2 me"#alami #a"##ua" (e"!e"#ara", 33,3me"#alami %i""i%u& !a" 61,7 me"#alami kehila"#a" (e"!e"#ara" %i"#ka% &e!a"#hi"##a (arah* 3

$%i l #i

$%i l #i (e" ebab %er+a!i" a % % k&i&i%a& cuku( ba" ak &e(er%i a"%ibi %ik# l "#a" ami" #lik &i!a, a#e" a"%i"e (la&%ik i&(la%i", arb (la%i" ,Di u r me%h l r"i%hi"e, L ( Diure%ik, A"al#e&ik h !r c "e, 8alic la%e&, 9ui"i"e,De/er ami"e, $r %hr m ci" !a" -a"c m ci"* ,4 Lebih le"#ka(" a !a(a% !iliha%(a!a k l m %abel !iba;ah i"i :


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Pa% #e"e&i&

< Meka"i&me % % k&ik &ecara umumAkiba% (e"##u"aa" ba%< ba% a"# ber&i/a% % % k&i%a& aka" !a(a%me"imbulka" %er+a!i" a #a"##ua" /u"#&i "al (a!a %eli"#a !alam a"#!i&ebabka" %elah +a!i (erubaha" &%ruk%ur a"a% mi (a!a r#a" %eli"#a !alam*Keru&aka" a"# !i%imbulka" a"%ara lai" 5 :

o

De#e"era&i &%ria -a&kulari&* Ter+a!i (a!a &emua k "!i&i (a% l #i& ba%% % k&iko De#e"era&i &el e(i%el &e"& ri* Kelai"a" i"i %er+a!i (a!a r#a" c r%i !a"

labiri" -e&%ibular, akiba% (e"##u"aa" ami" #lik &i!a &el rambu% luarlebih %er(e"#aruh !ari(a!a &el rambu% !alam, !a" (erubaha"!e#e"era%i/ i"i %er+a!i !imulai !ari ba&al k klea !a" berla"+u% %eru&hi"##a akhir" a &am(ai ba#ia" a(ek&*


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o De#e"era&i &el #a"#li "* Kelai"a" i"i %er+a!i &eku"!er akiba% a!a" a#e"era&i &el e(i%el &e"& ri*

<< A"%ibi %ik Ami" #lik &i!a

Meru(aka" ba% kela& a"%ia% ak%i/ me%ab li% % % k&ik * Dalam be"%uk i"ak%i/ ba%i"i berk mbi"a&i !e"#a" be&i u"%uk membe"%uk k m(lek& % % k&ik*K m(lek& i"i "a"%i" a bereak&i !e"#a" k&i#e" u"%uk mem(r !uk&i reac%i-e

#e" &(ecie& ?'8 , a"# !a(a% bereka&&i !e"#a" berba#ai k m( "e" &elu%am" a !i &el rambu% luar* ?'8 i"i !a(a% bereak&i !e"#a" berba#aik m( "e" &el, %erma&uk / &/ li(i! !i &el membra", (r %ei", !a" DNA&ehi"##a me"##a"#u /u"#&i k m( "e" %er&ebu%, !ima"a (r &e& i"i !a(a%memicu %er+a!i" a kema%ia" &el a"# %er(r #ram, me"#ha&ilka" a( (% &i&*

Pr &e& a( (% &i& (a!a % % k&i%a& ami" #lik &i!a !imulai !e"#a"(embe"%uka" /ree ra!ikal ai%u reac%i-e #e" &(ecie& ?'8 melemahka"&el (er%aha"a" a"%i k&i!a" !a" merubah &%a%u& re! &el,%eru%amake&eimba"#a" #lu%ha%i "e @8H * Hal i"i memicu ak%i-a&i +alur a"# me"


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Ami" #lik &i!a me"#akiba%ka" #a"##ua" kehila"#a" (e"!e"#ara"!imulai &aa% /rekue"&i" a %elah %i"##i !a" me"#akiba%ka" (r #re&i/ !a"irre-er&ible !e&%ruk%i/ (a!a &el rambu% luar k klea* 4 De&%ruk&i& &el rambu%!imulai !ari c il ba&al !a" me"u+u a(e !a" "a"%i" a &el rambu% !alamakhir" a %erke"a keru&aka" akiba% (r #re&i/ a"# %er+a!i %eru& me"eru&*

e&%ibul % k ici% !a(a% me"#ha&ilka" &cill (&ia !a" !i&&eBuilibrium akiba%keru&aka" (a!a &e"& r -e&%ibular "eur e(i%elium, !e"#a" ek&%e"&i/keru&aka" &el rambu% !i a(e am(ular cri&%ae %erlebih !ahulu !a" re#i&%ri lar makula !ari &akula !a" u%rikel* 4

< L ( Diure%ic&Meru(aka" ba% &i"%e%ik ( %e" a"# ber%i"!ak !i le"#ku"# he"ke u"%uk

me"#hamba% reab& r(&i !ari i " & !ium, ( %a&&ium !a" kl ri!a* 'ba% i"i&eri"# !i#u"aka" (a!a #a#al +a"%u"# k "#e&%i/, hi(er%e"&i, e!ema (a!a #a#al#i"+al, a&i%e& &ir &i& !a" bebera(a kelai"a" (aru (a!a ba i* Cer( %e"&ial!alam me" ebabka" re-er&ibel %erka!a"# !a(a% (erma"e" e/ek

% % k&i&i%a& (a!a (e"##u"aa"" a*4 =e"i& ba% # l "#a" i"i a"#meru(aka" ma r (e" ebab % % k&i&i%a& a!alah /ur &emi!e !a" a&ame%a&i"ik e%hac "ic aci! *

'ba% i"i me"#akiba%ka" (erubaha" k m( &i&i elek%r li% caira"e"! lim/a%ik* Keru&aka" (a!a &%ria -a&kulari&& !a" area &el #ela( !i &i&%em-e&%ibular meru(aka" (e"am(aka" a"# me" "+ l (a!a (emerik&aa"hi&% (a% l #i* Hila"#" a &el rambu% luar !i ba&al k klea +u#a !ila( rka" (a!abebera(a &%u!ia me"#e"ai % % k&i&i%a& l ( !iure%ik

o A&am e%a&i"ikMe" ebabka" % %k&i&i%a& melalui bebera(a meka"i&me i"i :

Pe"uru"a" ( %e"&ial e"! chlear : a&am e%a&i"ik mau(u"/ur &emi!e me"#ha&ilka" (e"uru"a" re-er&ible ( %e"&iale"! k klear (a!a (erc baa" !i he;a"* A&am e%a&i"ik aka"me"#hamba% ak%i-a&i & !ium


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8elai" re!uk&i ( %e"&ial e"! klear, /ur &emi!e +u#a me"uru"ka"am(li%u! !ari &ara/ k klear

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