Schneider 5

1Definition of powerand type of compensation

6 Schneider

ϕ ϕ’

Q

Q’

Qc

s

s’

Pa

Sizing rules

Calculating the reactive powerto be installedThis is calculated:c either from the electricity bills to avoid payingreactive energyc or from the tg ϕ and a target tg ϕ’.

These calculation methods are describedin detail in the Rectiphase “LV reactive powercompensation guide”.

Definition of powerand type of compensation

Network characteristicsNetwork voltage and frequency are the basicfactors required to size a LV correction cubicle.Reactive power Q varies according to voltagesquare and frequency.

Q = U2 x C x ω

where :Q = reactive powerU = network voltageC = capacitanceω= 2πff = network frequency

Compensation schematic diagram Qc = Pa (tg ϕ - tg ϕ')

Calculation table for kvar to be installedbefore capacitor power in kvar to be installed per load kW, to reach the power factorcompensation (cos ϕ) or the tg ϕ at a given value

tg ϕ 0.75 0.59 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.40 0.36 0.33 0.29 0.25 0.20 0.14 0.08tg ϕ cos ϕ cos ϕ 0.80 0.86 0.90 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 11.33 0.60 0.584 0.733 0.849 0.878 0.905 0.939 0.971 1.005 1.043 1.083 1.131 1.192 1.3341.30 0.61 0.549 0.699 0.815 0.843 0.870 0.904 0.936 0.970 1.008 1.048 1.096 1.157 1.2991.27 0.62 0.515 0.665 0.781 0.809 0.836 0.870 0.902 0.936 0.974 1.014 1.062 1.123 1.2651,23 0.63 0.483 0.633 0.749 0.777 0.804 0.838 0.870 0.904 0.942 0.982 1.030 1.091 1.2331.20 0.64 0.450 0.601 0.716 0.744 0.771 0.805 0.837 0.871 0.909 0.949 0.997 1.058 1.2001.17 0.65 0.419 0.569 0.685 0.713 0.740 0.774 0.806 0.840 0.878 0.918 0.966 1.007 1.1691.14 0.66 0.388 0.538 0.654 0.682 0.709 0.743 0.775 0.809 0.847 0.887 0.935 0.996 1.1381.11 0.67 0.358 0.508 0.624 0.652 0.679 0.713 0.745 0.779 0.817 0.857 0.905 0.966 1.1081.08 0.68 0.329 0.478 0.595 0.623 0.650 0.684 0.716 0.750 0.788 0.828 0.876 0.937 1.0791.05 0.69 0.299 0.449 0.565 0.593 0.620 0.654 0.686 0.720 0.758 0.798 0.840 0.907 1.0491.02 0.70 0.270 0.420 0.536 0.536 0.563 0.597 0.629 0.663 0.701 0.741 0.783 0.850 0.9920.96 0.72 0.213 0.364 0.479 0.507 0.534 0.568 0.600 0.634 0.672 0.712 0.754 0.821 0.9630.94 0.73 0.186 0.336 0.452 0.480 0.507 0.541 0.573 0.607 0.645 0.685 0.727 0.794 0.9360.91 0.74 0.159 0.309 0.425 0.453 0.480 0.514 0.546 0.580 0.618 0.658 0.700 0.767 0.9090.88 0.75 0.132 0.282 0.398 0.426 0.453 0.487 0.519 0.553 0.591 0.631 0.673 0.740 0.8820.86 0.76 0.105 0.255 0.371 0.399 0.426 0.460 0.492 0.526 0.564 0.604 0.652 0.713 0.8550.83 0.77 0.079 0.229 0.345 0.373 0.400 0.434 0.466 0.500 0.538 0.578 0.620 0.687 0.8290.80 0.78 0.053 0.202 0.319 0.347 0.374 0.408 0.440 0.474 0.512 0.552 0.594 0.661 0.8030.78 0.79 0.026 0.176 0.292 0.320 0.347 0.381 0.413 0.447 0.485 0.525 0.567 0.634 0.7760.75 0.80 0.150 0.266 0.294 0.321 0.355 0.387 0.421 0.459 0.499 0.541 0.608 0.7500.72 0.81 0.124 0.240 0.268 0.295 0.329 0.361 0.395 0.433 0.473 0.515 0.582 0.7240.70 0.82 0.098 0.214 0.242 0.269 0.303 0.335 0.369 0.407 0.447 0.489 0.556 0.6980.67 0.83 0.072 0.188 0.216 0.243 0.277 0.309 0.343 0.381 0.421 0.463 0.530 0.6720.65 0.84 0.046 0.162 0.190 0.217 0.251 0.283 0.317 0.355 0.395 0.437 0.504 0.6450.62 0.85 0.020 0.136 0.164 0.191 0.225 0.257 0.291 0.329 0.369 0.417 0.478 0.6200.59 0.86 0.109 0.140 0.167 0.198 0.230 0.264 0.301 0.343 0.390 0.450 0.5930.57 0.87 0.083 0.114 0.141 0.172 0.204 0.238 0.275 0.317 0.364 0.424 0.5670.54 0.88 0.054 0.085 0.112 0.143 0.175 0.209 0.246 0.288 0.335 0.395 0.5380.51 0.89 0.028 0.059 0.086 0.117 0.149 0.183 0.230 0.262 0.309 0.369 0.5120.48 0.90 0.031 0.058 0.089 0.121 0.155 0.192 0.234 0.281 0.341 0.484

Schneider 7

1

Compensation equipment can be of three types(standard type, overrated type, detuned type)according to the level of network harmonicpollution.The following choice can be made:c either from the Gh/Gn ratio

Example 1U = 400 VSn = 800 kVAP = 450 kWGh = 50 kVAGh = 6.2 %Sn

Example 2U = 400 VSn = 800 kVAP = 300 kWGh = 150 kVAGh = 18.75 %Sn

Example 3U = 400 VSn = 800 kVAP = 100 kWGh = 400 kVAGh = 50 %Sn

c either from the THD(I) current total harmonicdistortion measured.Sn = transformer apparent powerS = load in kVA at the transformer secondaryat the time of measurement

THD(I) x S < 5 % Sn

5 % < THD(I) x S < 10 % Sn

10 % < THD(I) x S < 20 % Sn

M

P (kW) Gh (kVA) (kvar)Qc

U (V)

Sn (kVA)

Gh / Sn

< 15% > 25% (*) 15 à 25%

Standard typeequipment

Overrated typeequipment

Detuned typeequipment

NB:Harmonics must be measured at the transformersecondary, at full load and without capacitors.Apparent power must be taken into accountat the time of measurement.

Sn : transformer apparent powerGh : apparent power of loadsgenerating harmonics (variablespeed motors, static converters,power electronics, etc.)Qc : compensation equipmentpowerU : network voltage

(*) Beyond 60%, Rectiphase recommends carrying outan harmonic filtering study.

Compensationequipmentstandard type

Compensationequipmentoverrated type

Compensationequipmentdetuned type

Standard type equipment

Overrated type equipment

Detuned type equipment

Choice of equipment type

8 Schneider

ReminderThe aim of a detuned reactor is to protect capacitors and preventamplification of harmonics.However, use of detuned reactors can reduce pollution by absorbing part ofthe harmonic currents generated. Improvements are particularly noticeablewhen detuned reactor tuning frequency approaches the harmonic frequencydomain.A reactor tuned at 215 Hz will absorb more 5th order harmonic current thana reactor at 190 Hz or 135 Hz.

Tuning frequency must be chosen according to:c the harmonic frequencies present on the installation (tuning frequencymust always be lower than the harmonic spectrum)c the remote control frequencies, if any, used by electrical utilities.

Choice of detuned reactor tuningfrequency

The detuned reactor, 400 V, 50 Hz range offersa wide selection of tuning frequencies: 135, 190or 215 Hz.

DR, 400 V, 50 Hz tuning frequency selection tableharmonic generators (Gh) remote control frequency (Ft)

none 165 < Ft i 250 Hz 250 < Ft i 350 Hz Ft > 350 Hzthree-phase: tuning frequency tuning frequency tuning frequency tuning frequencyvariable speed drives, rectifiers, 135 Hz 135 Hz 190 Hz 215 HzUPS, starters 190 Hz

215 Hz *

single-phase (Gh 1Ph > 10 % Sn): tuning frequency tuning frequency tuning frequency tuning frequencydischarge lamps, 135 Hz 135 Hz 135 Hz 135 Hzlamps with electronic ballast,fluorescent lamps, UPS,variable speed drives, welding machines

* Recommended tuning frequency, allowing a greater reduction in 5th order harmonic pollution than the other tuning frequencies.Gh 1Ph: power of single-phase harmonic generators in kVA.

Concordance between tuning frequency, tuning order andrelative impedance (400 V, 50 Hz network)

tuning frequency tuning order relative impedance(fr) (n = fr/f) (P = 1/n2)135 Hz 2.7 13.7 %

190 Hz 3.8 6.92 %

215 Hz 4.3 5.4 %

Designusing components

Schneider 35

4

Varplus M capacitor

LC1-D•K contactor

DR detuned reactors

36 Schneider

E20

553

210

218 192

95,5M8Ø7116

210

218

350325

Ø6,5x13 M8

192

8395,5

Ø7

Choice of capacitorsDesign using components

Operating temperatureEach temperature category is marked by anumber followed by a letter.The number stands for the lowest temperaturevalue for ambient air at which the capacitor canoperate.The letter corresponds to a specification ofstandard IEC 831, as in the table opposite.

GeneralThe Varplus M capacitors cover a wide range of :c voltage (from 230 V to 690 V)c power (from 5 to 100 kvar at 400 V 50 Hz),with a limited amount of references.

Technical dataccccc Standards : IEC 831-1 and 2, NF C 54-104,VDE 0560 Teil 41, CSA 22-2 no. 190ccccc Capacitance value tolerance : 0, + 10%ccccc Losses : i 0.7 W/kvar, including dischargeresistancesccccc Insulation class :v withstand 50 Hz 1 min : 6 kVv impulse voltage withstand 1.2/50 µs :- 25 kV if the rear panel is at least 15 mm awayfrom all metal frames- 11 kV if the rear panel is up against a metalframeccccc Acceptable current overloads :v standard type : 30%v overrated type : 40%ccccc Acceptable voltage overloads8 hrs out of 24 hrs as in IEC 831-1 and 2 :v standard type : 10%v overrated type : 20%ccccc Colour :v base : RAL 9002v elements : RAL 9005v covers : RAL 9002ccccc Approximate weights :v Varplus M1: 2.6 kgv Varplus M4: 10 kg

Varplus M4

Operating altitudeThe Varplus capacitors are designed to operateat a maximum altitude of 2000 m. Beyond thisaltitude, an equipment derating is necessary(consult us).

Dimensions

symbol ambient air temperature (°C)maximum highest highest

average averageover over24 hrs 1 year

B 45 35 25C 50 40 30D 55 45 35NB : Ambient temperature : temperature around the actualcapacitor, inside the bank, and not room temperature.

Temperature category according to the powerof the assembled capacitorsvoltage temperature category(V) -25 °C/D -25 °C/C -25 °C/B230/240 V 0 to 40 kvar 41 to 51 kvar 51 to 60 kvar400/415 V 0 to 65 kvar 66 to 95 kvar 96 to 100 kvar440/470 V 0 to 76 kvar 77 to 100 kvar480/525 V 0 to 85 kvar 86 to 100 kvar550/590 V 0 to 100 kvar600/690 V 0 to 100 kvar

Varplus M1

Schneider 37

4

+

+ +

+

DR typecapacitor + D Reeactor power restored

to network 400 V - 50 Hz (kvar)

with 190 Hz DR52428 + 52352 12.52 x 52428 + 52353 2552430 + 52354 502 x 52430 + 3631878 100 with 215 Hz DR52428 + 52404 12.52 x 52428 + 52405 2552430 + 52406 502 x 52430 + 52407 100 with 135 Hz DR52427 + 3631875 12,552428 + 52427 + 3631874 252 x (52428 + 52427) + 3631873 504 x (52428 + 52427) + 3631872 100

assembling severalVarplus M1voltage cabling front face(V) (kvar)230/240 30400/415 60440/470 60480/525 60550/590 60600/690 60

Assembling the capacitorsc Assembly is possible of :v several Varplus M1 capacitorsv one Varplus M4 capacitor with one or moreVarplus M1 capacitorsc Assembly of two Varplus M4 capacitors is notpossible.

Maximum assembly powerassembling one Varplus M4and severalVarplus M1voltage cabling front face(V) (kvar)230/240 60400/415 10440/470 100480/525 100550/590 100600/690 100

Varplus capacitor rangeThe Varplus capacitors cover a wide voltagerange, from 230 V to 690 V, for 50 and 60 Hznetworks.The capacitor type must be chosen accordingto the type of equipment to be produced(see chapter 1: sizing rules – choice ofequipment type) :c standard capacitor, for standard equipmentc overrated type capacitor, for overrated typeequipment.

Case of detuned reactor typeequipmentIn this case, one or more overrated typecapacitors must be combined with a detunedreactor (DR).The reactive power restored to the networkdepends on DR characteristics.

Standard type400 V/50 Hzpower (kvar) ref.

Varplus M15 524177.5 5241810 5241912.5 5242015 52421Varplus M450 5242260 52423

Overrated type400 V/50 Hzpower (kvar) ref.

Varplus M15 524257,5 5242610 5242711,5 52428Varplus M440 5242950 52430

38 Schneider

Choice of contactors

GeneralCapacitor control is accompanied by transientoperating conditions, the result of capacitor load.This load particularly generates a very highovercurrent, equivalent to a short-duration short-circuit. The use of standard contactors can bedangerous for safety of persons and installations.

Network voltage

Capacitor voltage

Capacitor current

Telemecanique contactorsfor capacitor controlThe LC1-D.K contactors are specially designedfor capacitor control. They are equipped with athrough contact module on closing and withdamping resistors limiting current on energisation.This technology, which is unique, is registered ina patent.

Safety of personsManual operation of contactors is impossible.The contactors are equipped with covers forprotection against direct contacts.

Safety of installationsThe damping resistors are disconnected after thecapacitor current energising peak. Therefore acontactor faulty pole does not allow permanentcurrent flow via the resistor, thus ensuring theresistor does not burn.

Simplicity and durabilityThe use of LC1-D.K contactors is a ready-to-usesolution, avoiding installation of shock coils.Their durability is far greater than that ofconventional solutions (300,000 operating cyclesat 400 V).

NB : If specific contactors cannot be used forcapacitor control, then energising current limitingreactors must be used.Please consult the contactor manufacturer

References and maximum power ratings (1)

power ratings instantaneous tightening basic catalogue weight50/60 Hz auxiliary torque number to betemp. i 55 °C contacts on end completed

by the control220 V 400 V 660 V voltage240 V 440 V 690 V reference (2)

kvar kvar kvar "F" "O" N.m kg6.5 12.5 18 1 1 1.2 LC1-DFK11•• 0.430

2 1.2 LC1-DFK02•• 0.4306.5 15 24 1 1 1.7 LC1-DGK11•• 0.450

2 1.7 LC1-DGK02•• 0.45010 20 30 1 1 1.9 LC1-DLK11•• 0.600

2 1.9 LC1-DLK02•• 0.60015 25 36 1 1 2.5 LC1-DMK11•• 0.630

2 2.5 LC1-DMK02•• 0.63020 30 48 1 2 5 LC1-DPK12•• 1.30025 40 58 1 2 5 LC1-DTK12•• 1.30040 60 92 1 2 9 LC1-DWK12•• 1.650

(1) The powers in the above table are valid in the folowing conditions :prospective peak energising current LC1-D•K 200 Inmaximum rate LC1-DKF/DKG/DLK/DMK/DPK 240 operating cycles/hour

LC1-DTK/DWK 100 operating cycles/hourelectrical durability at nominal load LC1-DKF/DKG/DLK/DMK/DPK 400 V 300,000 operating cycles

LC1-DTK/DWK 690 V 300,000 operating cycles

(2) control circuit voltage (••)volts 110 220 230 240 380 400 41550/60 Hz F7 M7 P7 U7 Q7 V7 N7Other voltages : consul us.

Standards : IEC 70, IEC 831, NF C 54-100, VDE 0560, UL, CSA

Ie(peak closingcurrent)

fe(oscillationfrequency)

Necessary technical datac Standards: NF C 63-110, IEC 158, VDE 0660.c The devices must be tropicalised T1.c Protection against direct contacts.c Minimum number of operations : 100,000.c Peak current: 200 ln.c Ambient operating temperature : 50°C.c Rating : according to the information suppliedby the manufacturer.c Contactor marking: manufacturers mustspecify the acceptable values Q and U.

Design using components

Schneider 39

4

network only

network+ DR battery

harmonic currentspectrum range

far fr f (Hz)

ZΩ

M

load

A

C

L

Choice of DR detuned reactors

DR

capacitor

GeneralThe detuned reactors (DR) are designed toprotect capacitors by preventing amplification ofthe harmonics present on the network.They must be connected in series with thecapacitors.

Caution : the DR generate overvoltage at thecapacitor terminals.Overrated type compensation capacitorsmust be used with the DR.

Curve : impedance module at point A

Technical dataChoice of tuningThe tuning frequency fr corresponds to theresonance frequency of the L-C assembly.

fr = 1 2π√ LC

We also talk of tuning order n.For a 50 Hz network, we have :

n = fr 50 Hz

c The tuning order chosen must ensure that theharmonic current spectrum range is outside theresonance frequency.c Also ensure that any remote control frequenciesare not disturbed.Rectiphase mainly uses DR with tuning orders of3.8 or 4.3 (order 2.7 is used for 3rd orderharmonics).

Electrical dataElectrical data must be specified :

c tolerance on L per phase :

c phase-to-phase tolerance :

c rms current Ie

c maximum permissible current

c harmonic current spectrum

Minimum values recommendedby Rectiphase :

± 5 %

L max < 1,07L min

Ie = √ I12 + I32 + I52 + I72 + I112 + I132

Imp = √ (1,1 x I1)2 + I32 + I52 + I72 + I112 + I132

Example of harmonic current spectrachosen by Rectiphasein % DR DR DRof current I1 tuning 2.7 tuning 3.8 tuning 4.3current I3 6 % 3 % 2 %currentt I5 17 % 44 % 69 %current I7 6 % 13 % 9 %

current I11 2 % 5 % 6 %

40 Schneider

Choice of DR detuned reactors(continued)

Design using components

Electrical data (continued)

c saturation

c thermal withstand Isc

c dynamic withstand

c highest withstand for equipment

c dielectric test 50 Hz betweenwindings and windings/earth

Other data to be specified :

c type

c cooling

c degree of protection

c standard

c use

c operating temperature

c storage temperature

c relative humidity in operation

c maximum altitude

Minimum values recommendedby Rectiphase :

reduction of L < 10 % according to the harmonic spectrumto 1.5 In for 2.7 tuningto 1.9 In for 3.8 tuningto 2.3 In for 4.3 tuning

Isc = 25 x Ie / 1 second

2.2 x Isc (peak value)

1.1 kV (as per standard IEC 76)

3 kV - 1 minute

Rectiphase recommendations

three-phase, dry, with magnetic circuit

air, natural

IP 00

NF C 52-300 / IEC 289

indoor

0 to + 40 °C

- 40 to + 60 °C

20 to 80 %

2000 m

Schneider 41

4

DR range for 400 V - 50 Hz network

on request

H

L P205 110

2.7 tuning rangepower assembly DR data maximum losses fixing centre dimensions maxi (mm) weightby the assembly DR reference L (mH) I (A) at 115 °C (W) distance (mm) H W D (kg)6.25 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz12.5 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 3 631 875 6.63 17.6 150 205 x 110 230 200 140 1125 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 3 631 874 3.14 37.2 200 205 x 110 230 240 140 2150 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 3 631 873 1.57 74.5 350 205 x 110 270 260 160 34100 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 3 631 872 0.78 149 500 205 x 110 360 370 230 57

4.3 tuning rangepower restored DR data maximum losses fixing centre dimensions maxi (mm) weight the assembly DR reference L (mH) I (A) at 115 °C (W) distance (mm) H W D (kg)6.25 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz12.5 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 52404 2.37 17.9 150 205 x 110 230 200 140 825 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 52405 1,.8 35.8 200 205 x 110 230 240 140 1450 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 52406 0.592 71.6 320 205 x 110 270 260 160 22100 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 52407 0.296 143 480 205 x 110 360 370 230 52

3.8 tuning rangepower restored DR data maximum losses fixing centre dimensions maxi (mm) weightby the assembly DR reference L (mH) I (A) at 115 °C (W) distance ( mm) H W D (kg)6.25 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz12.5 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 52352 3 18.2 150 205 x 110 230 200 140 825 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 52353 1.5 36.4 200 205 x 110 230 240 140 1450 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 52354 0.75 72.8 300 205 x 110 270 260 160 22100 kvar / 400 V-50 Hz 3 631 878 0.37 145.6 450 205 x 110 360 370 230 45

NB: capacitor choice, see page 37.

42 Schneider

Installation in the cubicleCapacitors

25

air flow

E

Design using components

Fixing and installationc The capacitors must be installed in properlyventilated rooms or enclosures, so as not toexceed the temperature category limits.c If the capacitors are not mounted in anenclosure, they will be floor or wall mounted.c If the capacitors are mounted in an enclosure,install components E horizontally, in order tooptimise cooling.c For superimposed enclosure mounting,a minimum space of 25 mm must be respectedbetween 2 capacitors.c For a lightning withstand of 25 kV, respecta distance of 15 mm between the rear panel andall metal frames. Right Wrong

Power connectionc Connection is on the front panel of thecapacitor.c Cable and switchgear sizing current:when calculating the sizing current, take accountof the capacitance value tolerance and theacceptable current overloads.c Equip the ends of the conductors with lugs andfix them to the connection pads.c Tightening torques :v Varplus M1 : 1.3 mdaNv Varplus M4 : 2 mdaN.c Protective covers (optional) : protection againstdirect contacts, front and rear face cabling,see accessories overleaf.

Front connection

Protection against direct contacts

Schneider 43

4

varlogic R6

+–

esc. ent.

Installation in the cubicleDetuned reactors

Example of capacitor bankswith detuned reactor (DR)

Temperature rise stressesPosition the detuned reactors in the top part of thecubicle to avoid overheating all the switchgearinstalled.

As regards a correction switchboard with detunedreactor (DR), you should provide a separatecolumn reserved for the reactors.

With the detuned reactors, ventilation must beforced (see page 44).

NB: on no account must be DRs be mountedbeneath the capacitors.

Ergonomicsc To simplify operation of incoming circuit-breakers (if any), the control handles must beplaced 0.8 m to 1.6 m from the ground.c The connection terminals must be at least0.2 m from the ground.c The power factor controller must not be placedhigher than 1.8 m from the ground.

Example of capacitor banksin a Prisma cubicle

44 Schneider

Ventilation

GeneralThe ventilation system must be defined according to:c ambient air temperature around the electrical cubicle which must complywith the folowing limits:v maximum temperature: 40 °Cv average temperature over 24 hours: 35 °Cv average temperature over 1 year: 25 °C.c the temperature rises generated by the various components whose meanvalues are:v standard type : 2.5 W/kvarv overrated type : 2.5 W/kvarv detuned type : 7 W/kvarc the acceptable limits for their normal operation.

Ventilation rulesOpenings must be compatible with the degree of protection (IP).Air must flow from the bottom to the top of the equipment.The cross-section of the top air outlet must be at least equal to 1.1 times thecross-section of the bottom air outlet.

Ventilation for standard or overrated type, IP iiiii 3Xc height 2000, depth 400 mmc 400V / 50 Hzreactive power (Q in kvar) type of ventilation air inlet/air flowwidth 600 mm width 800 mm60 kvar 90 kvar natural 200 cm2

120 kvar 180 kvar natural 300 cm2

180 kvar 210 kvar natural 400 cm2

> 180 kvar > 210 kvar forced min. air flow :F = Q/2 in m3/hr

Ventilation for standard or overrated type, IP > 3XFor this equipment, forced ventilation is required.Minimum air flow must be F = Q/2 in m3/hrNote : the above rules apply for D class capacitors.

Ventilation for capacitor banks with detuned reactorThis equipment must be systematically fitted with a forced ventilationsystem.The DR must be installed:c either in a separate enclosurec or in the same enclosure as the capacitors, but in a separatecompartment.The capacitor part enclosure must be ventilated according to the standardbank rules given opposite.The DR part enclosure must be ventilated according to power dissipated.Minimum air flow must be : F = 0.3 x Ps(Ps = power dissipated by the DR).

Example100 kvar DR bank in 1 x 50 kvar + 2 x 25 kvar:c DR compartment: forced ventilationPs = 300 + 2 x 160 = 620 WF = 0.3 x 620 = 186 m3/hrc 120 kvar capacitor compartment(600 x 400 x 2000 cubicle) : natural ventilation,air inlet = 300 cm2

air outlet = 1.1 x 300 = 330 cm2

Design using components

Environmental conditions

Schneider 45

5

46 Schneider

Environmental conditions

The technical characteristics for the LVcompensation cubicles, designed from theVarplus capacitors or Rectiphase compensationmodules, are valid in specific operatingconditions.Beyond these conditions, equipment derating isrequired (consult us).

Operating temperaturec Maximum temperature: 40°C.c Average temperature over 24 hrs: 35°C.c Average annual temperature: 25°C.c Minimum temperature: -5°C.

Operating altitudeEquipment can be installed at a maximumaltitude of 2000 m.

Ventilation of power factor banksSee pages 25, 32 and 44.

Schneider 47

6

Mgvarlogic R6

+–

esc. ent.

654321

121110987

–+

Mgvarlogic R12rectiphase

654321

121110987

–+

Mgvarlogic RC12rectiphase

Control and monitoring system

Varlogic, R6 type

Varlogic, R12 type

Varlogic, RC12 type

48 Schneider

P

L

H

P

L

H

Mgvarlogic R6

+–

esc. ent.

654321

121110987

–+

Mgvarlogic R12rectiphase

654321

121110987

–+

Mgvarlogic RC12rectiphase

Generalpower factor controllers are used in automaticcapacitor banks to monitor energising andtripping of capacitor steps according to reactivepower requirements.

Schneider has developed its own range of powerfactor controllers known as Varlogic, that can beused in most applications.

This range consists of three models :c the Varlogic R6, used to monitor up to6 physical capacitor steps (6 contactors).c the Varlogic R12, used to monitor up to12 physical capacitor steps (12 contactors)c the Varlogic RC12, used to satisfy complexapplication requirements, in particular :v operation on generator setsv compensation with fixed stepv compensation forbiddenv need to take a minimum power factor intoaccount.

Power factor controllersControl and monitoring system

Varlogic, R6 type

These steps must be combined with a stepcombination and programmed in the controlleraccording to the table opposite.

Possible control programmes :c normal programme (n)Suitable for all step types.Commonly used steps: 1.2.4.4.4.4 or 1.1.2.2.2.2Linear sequence as from the 3rd step, the 1st two stepsare used as adjustment steps(the controller always begins by energising or trippingthe 1st step, then the 2nd step).

c circular programme A (CA)Steps : 1.1.1.1.1.1., circular sequence.

c circular programme B (Cb)Steps : 1.2.2.2.2.2., circular sequence as from the 2nd

step, the 1st step is used as an adjustment step.

c linear programme (S)Steps: 1.1.1.1.1.1., linear sequenceApplication: harmonic filtering.

steps possible programmes1.1.1.1.1.1 CA/n/S1.1.2.2.2.2 n1.1.2.3.3.3 n1.2.2.2.2.2 Cb/n1.2.3.3.3.3 n1.2.3.4.4.4 n1.2.4.4.4.4 n

N.B.Circular programme :the 1st step energised will be the 1st step trippedLinear programme :the last step energised is the 1st step tripped.

Varlogic R6 dimensions Varlogic R12 and RC12dimensions

ref. type dimensions (mm) weight (kg)H L P

52400 R6 144 144 80 0.6552401 R12 144 144 90 152403 RC12 144 144 90 1

Varlogic, R12 type Varlogic, RC12 type

Schneider 49

6

Mgvarlogic R6

+–

esc. ent.

A

B

C DI

FG

I

J

H

K

L E

P2

P1

2A

M3a

C1

FU1

L2L3

L1

C6

FU6

A1

A2

A1

A2

oc

L2L3

L1

QF

M3a

(1)

TR

QF

S2S1

50/60 Hz 380/415 V

S2 CS1 400 230 0123456

BA

1C

23

45

6

…/5 A class 1

KM1KM1 KM6

P1

2A

M3a

C1

FU1

L2L3N

L1

C6

FU6

A1

A2

A1

A2

oc

L2L3N

L1

QF

M3a

(1)

TR

QF

S2S1

50/60 Hz 380/415 V

S2 CS1 400 230 0123456

BA

1C

23

45

6

…/5 A class 1

P2

KM1 KM6

R6 power factor controllerA- displayB- keysC- doorD- opening of doorE- current/voltage connection inputsF- step outputsG- alarm outputsH- specification labelI- mounting bracket for panel mounting

installationJ- DIN rail mounting installation areaK- fixing spring for DIN rail mounting installationL- screw driver guide

Rear viewFront view

View from below

ConnectionThe controller is unaffected by phase rotationdirection and connection direction of the currenttransformer (CT).

It can be connected in two ways, namely:

ccccc LL connection typeVoltage is measured between two phases.Current is measured on a phase other than thetwo phases previously used.c LN connection typeVoltage is measured between a phase and theneutral. Current is measured from the samephase.Caution: the type of connection used must beconsistent with the controller configuration.

On a network with voltage other than 220/240 Vor 380/415 V, use a transformer to supply thecontroller voltage inputs.Caution: the transformer used must onlyinduce minimum phase shift.

Wiring diagram (LL)e.g.380/415 V network

Wiring diagram (LN)e.g.380/415 V network

50 Schneider

Mgvarlogic R12rectiphase

121110987

654321

–+

AB

EFN

C D

Mgvarlogic R12rectiphase

121110987

654321

–+

G

H

esc. –+

ent.

JL

N

O

M

P

Q KI

M3a

C1

FU1

L2L3

L1

C12

FU12

KM12A1

A2KM1

A1

A2

oc

L2L3

L1

QFM

3a(1)

TR

QFP1

P2S2S1

50/60 Hz

S2 CS1 U1 U2 0V123456

BA

1C

23

45

6

…/5 A class 1

N

C 12 10 9 811

7

M3a

C1

FU1

L2L3

L1

C12

FU12

KM12A1

A2KM1

A1

A2

oc

L2L3

L1

QFM

3a(1)

TR

QF

P1

P2S2S1

50/60 Hz

S2 CS1 U1 U2 0V123456

BA

1C

23

45

6

…/5 A class 1

N

C 12 10 9 811

7

N

Power factor controllers

R12 and RC12 power factorcontrollersA- displayB- LED : connection about to occurC- LED : disconnection about to occurD- alarm signalling LEDE- doorF- opening of doorG- keysH- alarm codesI- current/voltage connection inputsJ- step outputs (1 to 6)K*-step outputs (7 to 12)L- alarm outputM- specification labelN- mounting bracket for panel mounting

installationO- DIN rail mounting installation areaP- fixing spring for DIN rail mounting installationQ- screw driver guide

* The last output (12th), if free, is programmed as a fan output.

ConnectionNormal configuration ensures that the controlleris not affected by phase rotation directionand connection direction of the currenttransformer (CT).

The controller can be connected in two ways,namely :

ccccc LL connection typeVoltage is measured between two phases.Current is measured on a phase other than thetwo phases previously used.ccccc LN connection typeVoltage is measured between a phase and theneutral. Current is measured from the samephase.Caution : the type of connection used mustbe consistent with the controllerconfiguration.

On a network with voltage less than 110 Vor greater than 415 V, use a transformer tosupply the controller measurement voltageinputs.Caution : the transformer used must onlyinduce minimum phase shift.

Caution: in operation, 4 quadrants(generator application, RC12 type only),automatic detection of phase rotationdirection must be de-activated.(to be performed in the configuration mode).In this particular case, CT connectiondirection and phase rotation direction musttherefore be respected.

Front view, door opened

Control and monitoring system

Rear view

Front view

View from below

Wiring diagram (LL)e.g.380/415 V network

Wiring diagram (LN)e.g.380/415 V network

Schneider 51

6

to controller CT

controller

CT

L1L2L3

OK

CT

controller

Installation recommendationsc The CT current transformer must be installedupstream of the installation requiringcompensation.

c We recommend that you place the controllervoltage information between L2 and L3,to oblige the contractor to position the CTon phase L1.

c Design the capacitor bank wiring diagram sothat the time required for capacitor discharging(50 sec minimum) is respected, in particular inevent of contactor auxiliary voltage loss.

c Case of an installation equipped with two ormore supply transformers: a summing CT mustthen be provided which will take all installationconsumption into account.

c Case of an installation equipped with agenerator set :a contact will be used to disconnect the bank inevent of operation on the generator set.The best means is to use it to cut the powersupply to the power factor controller.

52 Schneider

A1 A2

KM1

5L3

6T3

3L2

4T2

1L1

2T1

5L3

6T3

3L2

4T2

1L1

2T1

A1

A2

XC1 A1 A2

KMnA1

A2

XCn

C1 Cn

step

FU1 FUn

busbar

V

EV

n 0 C 01 0

K L A B

A B

XC 1 2 3 4 5 n

A

L2 L3 L K

C 1 2 3 4 5 n 1L

2

1L

3

L K

L2

L3

FU21

FU220 C

L3

L2

L1

PE

auxil. U230 v50 / 60 Hz

S1 S2

P1 P2

CT … /5 A min. 5 VA Cl. 1

network

PE

L1

L2

L3

load

step

FU1/n : HBC fuse (High Breaking Capacity) size 00glFU21 : 2 A fuseKM1/n : contactorFU22 : fuseA : 400 V, 50/60 Hz controller, 6 and 12 stepsX : 6 mm auxiliary connection terminal blockC1/n : capacitorXC1/n : module control terminal blockEV : fan

Standard diagram

Auxiliary circuits

Choice of auxiliary transformerThe auxiliary transformer must be sized to supplythe contactor coils, the controller and forcedventilation.We recommend use of an auxiliary transformer ofat least:c 250 VA up to 6 stepsc 400 VA up to 12 steps.

Control cable cross-sectionc The control circuit cables (auxiliary transformersecondary) must have a cross-section of at least1.5 mm2 in 230 V AC.c For the CT secondary, a cable of cross-sectionu 2.5 mm2 is recommended.

Protection of auxiliary circuitsThe control circuit and controller supply must beprotected by means of fuses (e.g. FU21 andFU22 in the standard diagram above)or circuit-breakers.

Control and monitoring system

Schneider 53

7Equipment protectionand connection rules

54 Schneider

Example 150 kvar / 400 V - 50 Hz - standard

In = 50000 = 72 A 400 eThermal protection: 1.36 x 72 = 98 AMagnetic protection > 10 In = 720 A

Example 250 kvar / 400 V - 50 Hz - SAH (tuning 4.3)

In = 72 AThermal protection: 1,31 x 72 = 94 AMagnetic protection > 10 In = 720 A

The fusesHBC fuses of the Gg type must be used with thefollowing ratings :c 1.6 x ln for standard equipmentc 1.6 x ln for overrated type equipmentc for detuned type equipment, see below.

NB : when two steps are protected by the sameset of fuses, the coefficient becomes 1.4 x In forstandard and H type cubicles.(In: sum of the currents of 2 steps).

400 V/50 Hztuning tuning impedance fusefrequency order relative rated

current135 Hz 2.7 13.7 % 1.23 In190 Hz 3.8 6.9 % 1.3 In

215 Hz 4.3 5.4 % 1.44 In

Example 150 kvar / 400 V - 50 Hz - standard

In = 72 AFuse rating u 1,6 x 72 u 115 AChoice : 125 A Gg

Example 250 kvar / 400 V - 50 Hz - DR (tuning 4.3)

In = 72 AFuse rating u 1,44 x 72 u 104 AChoice : 125 A Gg

Fuse rating is that immediately above thecalculated value.

GeneralThe equipment placed upstream of the correctioncubicles is determined from installation rules andthe currents absorbed by the devices.Knowledge of the current to be considered is thusnecessary to size this equipment.

A current, depending on voltage applied,capacitance and voltage harmonic components,flows through the capacitors in operation.

Choice of protective devicesEquipment protectionand connection rules

Variations in fundamental voltage value andharmonic components may result in currentamplification.The standard accepts that 30% is a permissiblemaximum value.The variations due to tolerances on thecapacitors must be added to this.

The circuit-breakersTo allow setting of the thermal protection, circuit-breaker rating must be chosen as:c 1.36 x ln (1) for standard equipmentc 1.5 x ln for overrated type equipmentc 1.19 x ln for detuned type equipment: 3.8 tuningc 1.31 x ln for detuned type equipment: 4.3 tuningc 1.12 x ln for detuned type equipment: 2.7 tuning.

The short-circuit (magnetic) protection settingthresholds must enable passage of the energisingtransients: 10 x ln for standard, overrated anddetuned type equipment.(1) In= Qc = nominal current at network voltage Un. √3 x Un

Schneider 55

7

Cross-sectionIt must be compatible with :c ambient temperature around the conductorsc installation method (trunking, duct, etc.).

Refer to the cable manufacturer’srecommendations.

The power cablesSizing currentPower cables must be sized for a current 1.5 x Inminimum.

Example50 kvar / 400 V - 50 Hz - DR (tuning 3.8)

In = 72 Asizing I = 108 A

NB : some cable manufacturers mark directlyin their catalogue the values to be consideredfor capacitor banks.

The control-cables

Cross-sectionc The control circuit cables (auxiliary transformersecondary) must have a cross-section of at least1.5 mm2 in 230 V AC.c For the CT secondary, a cable of cross-sectionu 2.5 mm2 is recommended.

Recommended cable cross-sections (câbles U1000 R02V)for capacitor connection with an ambient temperature of 35 °Cpower (kvar) cross-section (mm 2)230 V 400 V Cu Alu15 25 6 1620 30 10 1625 45 16 2530 60 25 3540 75 35 5050 90 50 7060 110 70 9580 135 95 2 x 5090 150 120 2 x 70100 180 2 x 50 2 x 70120 200 2 x 70 2 x 95135 240 2 x 70 2 x 150165 275 2 x 95 2 x 150180 300 2 x 120 2 x 185200 360 2 x 150 2 x 240240 400 2 x 185 2 x 300