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TUGAS EKONOMI TEKNIK

Ahmad Nahudin 3335120824Bening Dwipermata 3335121040Shalina 3335122166

PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK ASAM AKRILAT DARI GLISEROL DENGAN PROSES DEHIDRASI DAN OKSIDASI

KAPASITAS 170.000 TON/TAHUN

1. Harga Alat (Purchased Equipment) $..........2. Pemasangan Alat (Equipment Instalations) $..........3. Pemipaan (Piping) $..........4. Instrumentasi (Instrumentation) $..........5. Isolasi (Insulation) $..........6. Listrik (Electrical) $..........7. Bangunan (Buildings) $..........8. Tanah dan Perbaikannya $..........9. Utilitas (Utilities) $.......... +

Physical Plant Cost (PPC) $..........10. Teknik dan Konstruksi $.......... +

Direct Plant Cost (DPC) $..........11. Upah Kontraktor (Contractor’s fee) $..........12. Biaya Tak Terduga (Contingency) $..........

Modal Tetap (Fixed Capital) $..........

Fixed Capital Investment (FCI)

Mencari Harga Alat dengan Data Kapasitas yang BerbedaSix Tenths FactorEb = Ea (Cb / Ca)0.6

Dengan Eb = Harga Pembelian alat bEa = Harga Pembelian alat aCb = Kapasitas alat bCa = Kapasitas alat a

Mencari Harga Alat dengan Data Tahun yang BerbedaIndex HargaEx = Ey (Nx / Ny)Dengan Ex = Harga Peralatan untuk tahun xEy = Harga Peralatan untuk tahun yNx = Nilai indeks untuk tahun xNy = Nilai indeks untuk tahun y


Index Harga Alat (Chemical Engineering Plant Cost)

Tahun Index1987 3241988 3431989 3551990 357.61991 361.31992 358.21993 359.21994 368.11995 381.11996 381.71997 386.51998 389.51999 390.62000 394.12001 394.32002 390.4 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

f(x) = 4.13147058823529 x − 7869.30558823529R² = 0.896977294999315


Rincian Harga Alat (Purchased Equipment) Sumber: Timmerhause dan Garret

No Alat Type Bahan

kapasitas (C) Harga pembelian (E) Tahun Nilai index (N) Harga Peralatan (E)

a bSatuan b Konversi b

Satuan a

dan ba b x y

x

(2020)y x y

1 Vaporizer shell and tube Ss 90 1049,045 m3 1049,045 m3 $200.000,0 $872.892,9 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $1.034.386. $872.892,9

2 Reaktor FB 1Silinder tegak memanjang

dengan tutup ellipsoidalSs 11200 63,97 m3

16.898,9549 gallon$49.200,0 $62.972,4 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $88.224,9 $62.972,4

3 Reaktor FB 2Silinder tegak memanjang

dengan tutup ellipsoidalss 11200 47,34 m3

12.505,8078 gallon$49.200,0 $52.565,6 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $73.644,9 $52.565,6

4 Absorber Tray tower ss 2 8,97 ft 2,734056 m $1.750,0 $2.111,1 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $2.501.6 $2.111,1

5 Stripper Sieve tray ss 2 5,59 ft 1,703832 m $1.750,0 $1.589,6 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $1.883,6 $1.589,6

6 Destilasi 1 Sieve tray column ss 1 1,101 m 1,101 m $2.111,0 $2.236,5 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $2.650,2 $2.236,5

7 Destilasi 2 Sieve tray column ss 1 1,785 m 1,785 m $2.111,0 $2.988,6 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $3.541,5 $2.988,6

8 Cooler shell and tube ss 400 33,6329 m2 362,021172 ft2 $38.400,0 $36.168,9 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $50.673,0 $36.168,9

9 Heater shell and tube ss 400 41,3643 m2 445,241189 ft2 $38.400,0 $40.949,9 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $57.371,2 $40.949,9

10 Reboiler 1 shell and tube ss 800 77,8821 m2 838,315136 ft2 $62.400,0 $64.176,3 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $89.911,7 $64.176,3



13 Kondensor 1 Double pipe ss 100 8,345983 m2 89,8353264 ft2 $4.230,0 $3.966,5 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $4.700,4 $3.966,5

14 Kondensor 2 shell and tube ss 250 24,19479 m2 260,4303 ft2 $28.000,0 $28.695,2 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $40.202,2 $28.695,2

15 Tangki 1 Spherical tank ss 1000 1049 m3 1049 m3 $570.000,0 $586.597,4 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $695.123,6 $586.597,4

16 Tangki 2Silinder tegak dengan alas

datar dan tutup ellipsoidalss 1000000 9832,237 m3

2.597.382,0

5 gallon$342.000,0 $556.467,0 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $779.615,6 $556.467,0


Rincian Harga Alat (Purchased Equipment) - lanjutan

17 Tangki 3 Silinder tegak dengan alas datar dan tutup ellipsoidal Ss 600.000 2.310,272 m3

610.304,554 gallon$285,000,0 $287.485,9 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $402.770,5 $287.485,9

18 Tangki 4 Spherical tank Ss 4.000 6.248,83 m3

6.248,83m3

$1.350.000,0 $1.764.318,5 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $2.090.734,$1.764.318,5

19 Tangki 5 Silinder tegak dengan alas datar dan tutup ellipsoidal Ss 10.000 52,754 m3

13.936,0242 gallon$28.120,0 $33.306,3 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $46.662,4 $33.306,3

20 Tangki 6 Silinder tegak dengan alas datar dan tutup ellipsoidal Ss 500.000 2.205,339 m3

582.584,404 gallon$243.200,0 $262.918,9 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $368.352,0 $262.918,9

21 Tangki 7 Silinder tegak dengan alas datar dan tutup ellipsoidal Ss 40.000 163,336 m3

43.148,4711 gallon$64.600,0 $67.145,1 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $94.070,9 $67.145,1

22 Accumulator 1 Silinder horizontal tank Ss 3 1,659 m 1,659 m $11.100,0 $7.779,6 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $9.218,9 $7.779,6

23 Accumulator 2 Silinder horizontal tank Ss 3 3,622 m 3,622 m $11.100,0 $12.428,5 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $14.727,9 $12.428,5

24 Pompa 1 Sentrifugal Ss 0,003 50,29 gpm0,00317281 m3/s

$5.208,0 $5.386,0 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $6.382,4 $5.386,0


$7.200,0 $8.844,6 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $10.480,9 $8.844,6


$5.808,0 $5.933,2 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $7.030,9 $5.933,2


$2.640,0 $2.929,3 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $3.471,3 $2.929,3


$5.808,0 $6.032,0 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $7.147,9 $6.032,0


$5.208,0 $5.631,3 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $6.673,1 $5.631,3

30 Pompa 7 Sentrifugal Ss 0,0002 0,18 gpm1,1356E-05 m3/s

$2.640,0 $472,2 2020 2002 476,33 401,963 $559,6 $472,2

31 Compressor Sentrifugal 1st stage 150 158,6 hp 158,6 hp $58.000,0 $60.645,4 2020 1987 476,33 339,99 $84.964,7 $60.645,4

No Alat Type Bahankapasitas (C) Harga pembelian (E) Tahun Nilai index (N) Harga Peralatan (E)

a bSatuan b Konversi b

Satuan a dan b

a b x y x (2020) y x y

1. Harga Alat (Purchased Equipment) $6.192.986,1 2. Pemasangan Alat [43% PE] $2.662.984,0 3. Pemipaan [solid-fluid (36% PE)] $2.229.475,0 4. Instrumentasi [extensive control(30% PE)] $1.857.896 5. Isolasi [(8-9% PE) diambil 8% ] $495.438,9 6. Listrik [(10-15% PE) diambil 15% ] $928.948 7. Bangunan [PE > $1.000.000, outdoor (30% PE)] $1.857.896 8. Tanah dan Perbaikannya [(10-15% PE) diambil 15%] $928.948 9. Utilitas (Utilities) [complete new service (75% PE)] $4.644.740 +

Physical Plant Cost (PPC) $21.799.311,2 10. Teknik dan Konstruksi [PPC > $5x10^6, (20% PPC)] $4.359.862,2 +

Direct Plant Cost (DPC) $26.159.173 11. Upah Kontraktor [(4-10% DPC) diambil 10%] $2.615.917,35 12. Biaya Tak Terduga [average (15% DPC)] $3.923.876,0

Modal Tetap (Fixed Capital) $32.698.966,84


1. Raw Materials $..........2. Labor $..........3. Supervision $..........4. Maintenance $..........5. Plant Supllies $..........6. Royalties and patents $..........7. Utilities $.......... +

Direct Manufacturing Cost (DMC) $..........8. Payroll Overhead $..........9. Laboratory $..........10. Plant Overhead $..........11. Packaging $..........12. Shiping $.......... +

Indirect Manufacturing Cost (IMC) $..........13. Depresiation $..........14. Property Taxes $..........15. Insurance $..........

Fixed Manufacturing Cost (FMC) $..........+

Manufacturing Cost (MC) $..........

Manufacturing Cost (MC)

Indeks Harga Bahan

Tahun PPI1985 100,71986 100,51987 103,61988 1131989 119,61990 1211991 124,41992 125,81993 127,21994 1301995 143,41996 145,81997 147,11998 148,71999 149,72000 156,72001 158,42002 157,32003 164,62004 172,82005 187,3

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 20100

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

f(x) = 3.83324675324675 x − 7509.34632034632R² = 0.970384587898088


Rincian Harga Total Penjualan

Harga jual acrylic acid = $1.313,95 $/ton

Harga jual acetic acid $633,26 $/ton

Kebutuhan acrylic acid per tahun = 165.522.3566 ton

Kebutuhan acetic acid pertahun = 4.477,643421 ton

Hasil penjualan acrylic acid = $217.487.394,18

Hasil penjualan acetic acid = $2.835.530,82

Total penjualan pertahun = $220.322.925,00

Kapasitas total produk = 170.000 ton


Rincian Harga Raw Materials Pertahun

Bahan Indeks 2019 Indeks 2020 Harga (2019) Harga (2020) Satuan Kebutuhan Satuan Biaya

Bahan baku:

Gliserol 229,9308 233,764 935,85 $951,5 $/ton 119021,86 ton/tahun $113.243.543,23

Katalis padat Bi/Mo 229,9308 233,764 14882,85 $15.131,0 $/ton 3,40 ton/tahun $51.467,45

Bahan Utilitas:

Molten Salt 229,9308 233,764 137,32 $139,6 $/ton 4374,75 ton/tahun $610.756,24

Refrigerant (Ammoniak) 229,9308 233,764553,53

$562,8 $/ton 233,93

ton/tahun $131.644,28

Bahan bakar Natural gas 229,9308 233,7640,54

0,549 $/mmbtu

1933909,17 mmbtu/tahun $1.061.720,76

Air 229,9308 233,764 0,000437 0,000444285 $/m3 293049731,81 m3/tahun $130.197,68

1. Total Raw Material Inventory $115.229.329,65


Rincian Labor

Jabatan Jumlah Gaji/bln Gaji/bln Gaji/bln (orang) (Rp) (Rp) (US$)

Presiden Direktur 1 40.000.000 40.000.000 2.857,14

Wakil Presiden Direktur 1 35.000.000 35.000.000 2.500,00

Direktur 1 30.000.000 30.000.000 2.142,86

Manajer Divisi 3 20.000.000 60.000.000 4.285,71

Asisten Manajer Divisi 4 15.000.000 60.000.000 4.285,71

Manajer Departemen 3 14.000.000 42.000.000 3.000,00

Manajer Keuangan dan Umum 1 13.000.000 13.000.000 928,57

Staff Ahli 3 10.000.000 30.000.000 2.142,86

sekretaris 3 10.000.000 30.000.000 2.142,86

Kepala Bagian Umum 1 10.000.000 10.000.000 714,29

Kepala Bagian Pemasaran 1 10.000.000 10.000.000 714,29

Kepala Bagian Teknik 2 10.000.000 20.000.000 1.428,57

Kepala Bagian Produksi 2 10.000.000 20.000.000 1.428,57

Kepala seksi personalia 1 7.000.000 7.000.000 500,00


Rincian Labor (Lanjutan)

Kepala Seksi Humas 1 7.000.000 7.000.000 500,00

Kapala Seksi Keamanan 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Kepala Seksi Pembelian 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Kepala seksi Pemasaran 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Kepala Seksi Administrasi 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Kepala Seksi Proses 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Kepala Seksi Laboratorium 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Kepala Seksi Pemeliharaan 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Kepala Seksi Utilitas 1 6.000.000 6.000.000 428,57

Karyawan Personalia 2 5.000.000 10.000.000 714,29

Karyawan Humas 2 5.000.000 10.000.000 714,29

Karyawan Keamanan 12 2.500.000 30.000.000 2.142,86

Karyawan Pembelian 4 4.500.000 18.000.000 1.285,71

Karyawan Pemasaran 4 4.500.000 18.000.000 1.285,71

Karyawan Administrasi 3 4.500.000 13.500.000 964,29


Rincian Labor (Lanjutan)

Karyawan Kas 3 4.600.000 13.800.000 985,71

Engineer Proses 50 8.500.000 425.000.000 30.357,14

Karyawan Pengendalian 6 6.000.000 36.000.000 2.571,43

Karyawan Laboratorium 5 5.000.000 25.000.000 1.785,71

Karyawan Pemeliharaan 7 3.000.000 21.000.000 1.500,00

Karyawan Utilitas 5 3.000.000 15.000.000 1.071,43

Medis / Dokter 4 4.000.000 16.000.000 1.142,86

Paramedis / Perawat 5 3.000.000 15.000.000 1.071,43

Sopir 5 2.200.000 11.000.000 785,71

Pesuruh 5 1.500.000 7.500.000 535,71

Cleaning Servis 5 1.200.000 6.000.000 428,57

TOTAL 163 357.000.000 1.152.800.000 82.342,86

Labor (Gaji karyawan pertahun ) = $988.114,29

Asumsi

$1 = 14000


1. Raw Materials $115.229.329,65 2. Labor $988.114,29 3. Supervision [sederhana (10% Labor)] $98.811,43 4. Maintenance [6-7% FCI, diambil 6% FCI (average)] $1.961.938,01 5. Plant Supllies [15% maintenance] $294.290,70 6. Royalties and patents [1-5% dari harga jual produk,(1 %)] $2.203.229,25 7. Utilities [10-20% dari harga jual produk, (diambil 10%)] $22.032.292,50 +

Direct Manufacturing Cost (DMC) $142.808.005,83

8. Payroll Overhead [15-20% Labor (diambil 15%)] $148.217,14 9. Laboratory [10-20% Labor {diambil 11%)] $108.692,57 10. Plant Overhead [50-100% Labor (diambil 50%)] $494.057,14 11. Packaging [4% dari harga jual produk] $8.812.917,00 +

Indirect Manufacturing Cost (IMC) $9.563.883,86

13. Depresiation [8-10% FCI (diambil 10%)] $3.269.896,68 14. Property Taxes [2-4% FCI (diambil 3%)] $980.969,01 15. Insurance [1% FCI] $326.989,67 +

Fixed Manufacturing Cost (FMC) $4.577.855,36 +

Manufacturing Cost (MC) $156.949.745,04


1. Raw Material Inventory $..........2. In Proses Inventory $..........3. Product Inventory $..........4. Extended Creadit $..........5. Available Cash $.......... +

Modal Kerja $..........

Working Capital (WC)

Rincian Harga Raw Materials Perbulan

Bahan Indeks 2019 Indeks 2020 Harga (2019) Harga (2020) Satuan Kebutuhan Satuan Biaya

Bahan baku:

Gliserol 229,9308 233,764 935,85 $951,5 $/ton 10820,17 ton/bulan $10.294.867,57

Katalis padat Bi/Mo 229,9308 233,764 14882,85 $15.131,0 $/ton 3,40 ton/bulan $51.467,45

Bahan Utilitas:

Molten Salt 229,9308 233,764 137,32 $139,6 $/ton 397,70 ton/bulan $55.523,29

Ammoniak 229,9308 233,764553,53

$562,8 $/ton 21,27

ton/bulan $11.967,66

Bahan bakar gas 229,9308 233,7640,54

0,549 $/mmbtu 175809,92

mmbtu/bulan $96.520,07

Air 229,9308 233,764 0,000437 0,000444285 $/m3 26640884,71 m3/bulan $11.836,15

1. Total Raw Material Inventory $10.522.182,20


1. Raw Material Inventory $10.522.182,20 2. In Proses Inventory [(0.5 x MC x 24)/ (24 x 330)] $237.802,64 3. Product Inventory [1 bulan Manufacturing Cost (MC)] $14.268.158,64 4. Extended Creadit [harga jual produk 1 bulan] $20.029.356,82 5. Available Cash [1 bulan Manufacturing Cost (MC)] $14.268.158,64 +

Modal Kerja$59.325.658,94


1. Administrasi $..........2. Penjualan (Sales) $..........3. Penelitian (Research) $..........4. Biaya Pembelanjaan (Finance) $.......... +

General Expense $..........

General Expense (GE)

1. Administrasi [3-6% MC (diambil 3 %)] $4.708.492,35 .2. Penjualan (Sales) [5-22% MC (diambil 10 %)] $15.694.974,50 3. Penelitian (Research) [2-4% harga jual produk (2%)] $4.406.458,50 4. Biaya Pembelanjaan (Finance) [12%FCI + 15% WC] $12.822.724,86 +

General Expense$37.632.650,22

General Expense (GE)

Estimasi KeuntunganPenjualan (sales) $..........

Biaya Produksi $..........Biaya Umum $..........

Biaya Total $.......... -Keuntungan sebelum pajak $..........Pajak pendapatan $.......... -Keuntungan sebelum pajak $..........

Sales, Profit Dan Analisa Profitabilitas

Estimasi KeuntunganPenjualan [harga jual produk pertahun] $220.322.925,00

Biaya Produksi [MC] $156.949.745,04 Biaya Umum [GE] $37.632.650,22

Biaya Total (MC+GE) $194.582.395,26 -Keuntungan sebelum pajak $25.740.529,74 Pajak pendapatan [12,5% keuntungan sebelum pajak] $3.217.566,22 -Keuntungan sebelum pajak $22.522.963,52


Analisa Kelayakan1. Percent Profit on Sales (POS)

a. Percent profit on sale sebelum pajak [(keuntungan sebelum pajak/harga jual produk)x100%] = 11,68 %

b. Percent profit on sale setelah pajak [(keuntungan setelahpajak/harga jual produk)x100%] = 10,22%

2. Percent Return on Investment (ROI) a. Percent return on investmen sebelum pajak

[(keuntungan sebelum pajak/FCI)x100%] = 78,72 %b. Percent Percent return on investmen setelah pajak

[(keuntungan setelah pajak/FCI)x100%] = 68,88 %3. Pay Out Time (POT)

a. Pay out time sebelum pajak [(FCI/(keuntungan sebelum pajak + 0,1 FCI)] = 1,13 tahun

b. Pay out time setelah pajak [(FCI/(keuntungan setelah pajak + 0,1 FCI)] = 1,27 tahun


Analisa Kelayakan4. Harga Jual Produk Minimum

((FCIxPk)kapasitas produksi tahunan)+MC+GE = $194.590.858,52

5. Venture Profitability a. Venture profitability sebelum pajak

Keuntungan sebelum pajak - ((FCIx%ROI sebelum pajak)/kapasitas produk pertahun) = $25.725.388,25 b. Venture profitability setelah pajak

Keuntungan setelah pajak - ((FCIx%ROI setelah pajak)/kapasitas produk pertahun) = $22.522.963,52


Analisa Kelayakan6. Break Event Point (BEP)

BEP = (Fa + 0.3 Ra) / (Sa -Va - 0.7 Ra) x 100% a. Fixed Expense (Fa)

Depreciation $3.269.896,68 Taxes $980.969,01 Insuration $326.989,67 +

Fixed Expense $4.577.855,36

b. Variabel Expense (Va) Raw Materials $115.229.329,65 Packaging containers $8.812.917,00 Utilities $22.032.292,50 Royalty $2.203.229,25 +

Variabel Expense $148.277.768,40


Analisa Kelayakanc. Regulated Exspense (Ra) Labor $988.114,29 Overhead $642.274,29 Supervision $98.811,43 Laboratory $108.692,57 General Expense $37.632.650,22 Maintenance $1.961.938,01 Plant Supplies $294.290,70 + Regulated Exspense $41.726.771,50

BEP = (Fa + 0.3 Ra) / (Sa -Va - 0.7 Ra) x 100% = 39,91 %

7. Sut Down Point (SDP)SDP = [(0.3 Ra ) / ( Sa - Va - 0.7 Ra )] x 100 % = 29,22 %


Analisa KelayakanBEP = (Fa + 0.3 Ra) / (Sa -Va - 0.7 Ra) x 100%

= 39,91 %


0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 $-

$50,000,000.00

$100,000,000.00

$150,000,000.00

$200,000,000.00

$250,000,000.00

FaVaRaSa

BEP

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