efisiensi solar cells

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    Kajian Efisiensi Sel Surya

    Fitri Rohmaisa

    113224027

    FR 2011

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    Efisiensi

    Efficiency= Fraction of incident light energy converted to electricalenergy.

    Efficiency is the most important characteristic because it allows thedevice to be assessed economically in comparison to other energydevices.

    For a given solar spectrum, the efficiency depends on: Semiconductor material

    Device structure

    Ambient conditions (temperature)

    High radiation damage Sun spectrum

    Efficiency alone is not enough, the cost of the cell is also importantand the life time.

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    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

    Typical I-V characteristic of solar cells

    in dark (diode)

    under illumination

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    As the intensity

    increases, the short-

    circuit currentISC

    increases linearly,but the open circuit

    voltage VOCincreases

    sublinearly.

    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

    TheI-V characteristics of a solar cell with varying

    illumination as a parameter.

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    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

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    TheI-Vacharacteristic of a solar cell.

    The maximum power is obtained atPm I

    mVm

    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

    (I)(II)

    (III) (IV)

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    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

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    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

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    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

    TheI-V characteristics of a solar cell with varying illumination

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    I-V characteristics & Efficiency

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    Calculation,

    Consider a solar cell driving a 30resistive load. The cell has area = 1

    cm x 1 cm and is illuminated with light of intensity = 600Wm-2 and has I-V

    characteristic as shown below.

    Q: What are the current and voltage in the circuit?

    A: I = 14.2mA , V = 0.425V

    Q: Calculate the power delivered to the load (Pout)

    A: Area under the I, V rectangular = P

    P= 14.2 x 10-3A x 0.425V = 6.035mW

    14.2mA

    0.425V

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    Calculation,

    Q: Calculate the input sun-light power

    A: Pin= (light intensity x surface area)

    Pin = 600Wm-2x (0.01m)2= 0.06W

    Q: Calculate the efficiency of the deviceA: = 100x (Pout/Pin)

    Pin = 0.06W

    Pout= 6.035mW

    = 10.06%

    Q: State why the efficiency is very small?

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    Solar Spectrum

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    Conversion Efficiency

    The most efficient PV modules usuallyemploy single-crystal Si cells, withefficiencies up to 15%.

    Poly-crystalline cellsare less expensive tomanufacture but yield module efficiencies ofabout 11%.

    Thin-film cellsare less expensive still, but

    give efficiencies to about 8% and suffergreater losses from deterioration.

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    Solar Photovoltaic Plants

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    How PV Cells Work

    Diagram of a photovoltaic cell

    Photovoltaic cells, modules, panels andarrays

    Major photovoltaic system components.

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    Problem

    Suppose that a particular family house in a sunnygeographic location consumes a daily average electricalpower of 1500 W supply by an 50 m2are of solar panel.The average solar intensity incident per day is about 6 kWhm-2. What is the efficiency of solar cell?

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    Solution

    Total sunlight energy per day:

    = intensity x area

    = 6 kWh m-2 x 50 m2

    = 300 kWh

    Solar cell output = 1.5 kW x 24 h = 36 kWh

    Efficiency = Output/Total energy light

    = 36 kWh/300 kWh= 12 %

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    Solar Cells

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