Download - Transformator 1 fasa
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KONVERSI ENERGI ELEKTRIK
Ir. Hery Purnomo, MT
DASAR TRANSFORMATOR
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TRANSFORMATOR (Transformer)
Peralatan listrik yang digunakan untuk memindahkan
dan merubah energi listrik dari suatu rangkaian listrik ke rangkaian listrik yang lain, melalui gandengan magnetik
TRAFO
f1 = f2 (Hz.)S1 = S2 (VA)P1 > P2 (W)V1 > V2 Step down
V1 < V2 Step up
V1 = V2 Isolasi
Primer Sekunder
+ +
- -V1 V2TRAFO
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JENIS TRANSFORMATOR
• Trafo Daya• Trafo Tegangan• Trafo Arus• Trafo Pemisah• Trafo Las Listrik• Trafo Kontrol• dll.
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Transformator daya (PLN)
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5
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Transformator pengukuran(trafo instrumen)
(a) Voltage transformer (b) Current transformer
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KONSTRUKSI TRANSFORMATOR
1. Inti besi (baja silikon)
2. Belitan/Kumparan (Tembaga, Aluminium)
3. Isolasi ( email, kertas, kain, minyak isolasi)
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TIPE TRANSFORMATOR
• Trafo tipe inti (core type)•Trafo tipe cangkang (shell type)
Tipe intiTipe cangkang
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Bentuk Inti Besi
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Right Hand Rule
• Ibu jari menunjukkan arah arus
• Jari lainnya menunjukkan arah medan magnet
Hubungan antara arah arus dan arah medan magnet
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HUKUM DASAR TRANSFORMATOR
• Hukum Maxwell• Hukum Induksi Faraday
1. Gaya gerak magnet (ggm / mmf):
INLHF
2. Gaya gerak listrik (ggl / emf):
dt
dN)t(e
Luas penampang inti besi(A)
Panjang jalur magnetik (L)
N lilit
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INDUKSI GANDENG
dt
dN)t(e
11
dt
dN)t(e
22
I
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3. Hubungan antara arus dan tegangan terinduksi
Inti besi jenuh :dengan betambah besarnya arus maka tegangan terinduksi besarnya hampir tetap
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Transformator tanpa beban
ggm (N1.Io) fluksi
f
tsin)t( m
2Io
+
-
N1 N2
1. Tegangan terinduksi belitan primer:
2. Tegangan terinduksi belitan sekunder:
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Rangkaian Ekuivalen Trafo Tanpa Beban
V1
Io
Ic Im
R1 – tahanan belitan primerX1 – reaktansi belitan primerRc – tahanan pemagnetanXm – reaktansi pemagnetanIc – arus rugi intiIm – arus magnetisasi
Io = Ic + Im
V1 = E1 + Io (R1 + j X1)
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Transformator berbeban
+
-
I1 I2
(ZL )
N2N1
1. Keadaan tanpa beban: I1 = Io
2. Keadaan berbeban:
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SIMBOL TRANSFORMATOR
Belitan primer Belitan sekunder
Inti besi
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Problem1. Transformator 1 fasa, daya 1000VA, Tegangan 220/110 V, 50 HzDalam keadaan tanpa beban, Hitung tegangan sisi sekunder (sisi TR) apabila sisi primer (sisi TT) disuplai dengan tegangan :
Tegangan 110 V, 50 Hz.Tegangan 220 V, 50 Hz.Tegangan 330 V, 50 Hz.
2110
220
110220
2
1
21
E
Ea
E,E
a
VVa
V
V 12
2
1
V1 = 110, maka:
V1 = 220, maka:
V1 = 330, maka:
volta
VV 55
2
11012
volta
VV 110
2
22012
???volta
VV 165
2
33012
Trafo ideal :
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2. Trafo 1 fasa, daya 20 kVA, tegangan 2000/200 V, 50 Hz. Diketahui jumlah lilitan sekunder 66
• Hitung jumlah lilitan primer• Arus beban penuh (nominal) sisi primer dan sekunder
lilitxN
NxE
EN
N
N
E
E
E
Ea
E,E
6666200
2000
10200
2000
2002000
1
22
11
2
1
2
1
2
1
21
A.)nom(I
A.)nom(I
100200
20000
102000
20000
2
1
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3. Transformator dengan daya 10 kVA, tegangan 2200/220 V, 50 Hz.Arus penguat 0,60 A dan rugi inti besi 360 watt, apabila sisi TT disuplai tegangan nominal.• Hitung arus pemagnitan• hitung arus rugi inti besi
diabaikan)XjR(I
voltEV
o
11
11 2200
A,E
PI
IERIP
cc
cccc
16402200
360
1
12
A,,,I
III
III
m
com
mco
5760164060 2
22
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SOALTrafo 1 fasa, daya 5000 VA, tegangan 2300 V / 230 V, frek. 50 Hz. Data hasil pengukuran sebagai berikut :Arus tanpa beban Io = 0,30 A, rugi inti besi Pc = 40 W, Tahanan belitan primer R1 = 5 ohm dan reaktansi belitan primer X1 = 25 ohm.
1. Hitung arus nominal (arus beban penuh) transformator.2. Dalam keadaan trafo tanpa beban, belitan primer
disuplai dengan tegangan 2300 V, hitung tegangan sisi sekunder
a). Asumsikan trafo ideal b). Trafo sebenarnya
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Pada transformator keadaan tanpa beban, buktikan bahwa, apabila trafo disuplai sumber tegangan DC, dibanding dengan trafo disuplai sumber tegangan AC, maka:
Io (DC) >> Io (AC)
Misalkan : V(DC) = 100 volt V(AC) = 100 volt
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