SKRIPSI
KEBIJAKAN COUNTER-TERRORISM JORDANIA
MENGHADAPI ISLAMIC STATE OF IRAQ AND SYRIA (ISIS)
Disusun Dan Diajukan Untuk Memenuhi Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh
Gelar Sarjana Strata-1
Jurusan Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Oleh HUSNUL CHOTIMAH RAHANYAMTEL
Nim: 201310360311173
JURUSAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL DAN ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2017
viii
KATA PENGANTAR
حيم حمان الر بسم هللا الر
Puji syukur Alhamdulillah penulis panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT karena
berkat Rahmat dan Karunia-Nyalah penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan
skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam selalu senantiasa terlimpahkan kepada Baginda
Besar Nabi Muhammad SAW, kepada keluarganya, para sahabatnya, dan para
umatnya hingga akhir zaman, amin.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam proses penulisan skripsi yang berjudul
“Kebijakan Counter-terrorism Jordania Menghadapi Islamic State of Iraq and
Syria (ISIS)” ini banyak mengalami kendala, namun berkat bantuan, bimbingan,
kerjasama dari berbgai pihak dan bekah dari Allah SWT sehingga kendala-
kendala yang dihadapi tersebut dapat diatasi. Untuk itu, penulis menyampaikan
segenap ucapan terima kasih dengan setulus hati kepada Bapak Gonda Yumitro
M.A, selaku pembimbing I dan Bapak Najamuddin Khairur Rijal M.Hub.Int,
selaku pembimbing II yang telah meluangkan waktu, tenaga, dan pikiran dalam
memberikan bimbingan, arahan, saran, dan masukan yang sangat berharga kepada
penulis selama proses penyusunan skripsi ini.
Selanjutnya ucapan terima kasih penulis sampaikan pula kepada:
1. Bapak Drs, Fauzan M.Pd selaku rector Universitas Muhammadiyah
Malang
2. Bapak Dr. Asep Nurjaman M.Si selaku Dekan FISIP Universitas
Muhammadiyah Malang
3. Bapak Hafid Adim Pradana, MA dan Bapak Dedik Fitrah, M.Hub.Int,
selaku dewan penguji yang memberikan banyak saran dan masukkan yang
sangat bermanfaat dalam menyempurnakan skripsi ini dan juga menambah
wawasan penulis melalui pertanyaan yang diajukkan.
ix
4. Bapak dan Ibu Dosen Prodi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional yang telah
memberikan ilmunya melalui pengajarannya selama penuis mengikuti
perkuliahan hingga akhir penulisan skripsi ini.
5. Terimakasih yang utama dan tidak terlupakan penulis sampaikan kepada
kedua Orang Tuaku, Alm. Bapak Yahya Rahanyamtel dan Ibu Ilma
Rahanyamtel, nenek ku Alm. Seha Nur, adek-adeku dan keluarga besar ku
atas dukungan materi dan spiritual yang diberikan serta nasehat yang
selalu disampaikan. Sungguh, berkat doa, restu dan keihklasan ibu dan
bapak, maka penyusunan skripsi ini dapat terselesaikan, serta penulis dapat
menyelesaikan kuliah.
6. Selanjutnya kepada sahabat-sahabat terbaikku: Oneng, Sovi, Dewi, Alvin,
Amel, Mella, Nabilah, Rufanis, Ismi dan auda yang telah menemani dan
membantuku dalam keadaan susah dan senang selama hampir empat tahun
di bangku perkuliahan.
7. Terimakasih secara khusus juga disampaikan kepada teman-teman HI-C
yang tidak dapat disebutkan namanya satu persatu dan merupakan
keluarga kedua penulis yang selalu memberikan dukungan dan
bantuannya. Serta teman-teman HI angkatan 2013 yang sudah mau
berteman dan bertegur sapa.
8. Terimakasih kepada teman-teman Kos Tiga Permata Hati yang dengan
setia menemani penulis selama 24 jam dalam dua tahun terakhir dan atas
bantuannya yang selalu diberkan.
9. Terimakasih pula kepada teman-teman KKN 125 Desa Kluwut yang selalu
memberikan bantuan, dukungan, doanya dan selalu menghibur, khususnya
kepada Khusnul, Putri dan Rizka.
10. Terimakasih kepada teman-teman peserta P2KK angakatan 2016 dari kelas
al-Ghazali, al-Kindi, Ibnu Khaldun, al-Farabi, Muhammad Abduh dan
Ibnu Sinah atas doanya yang selalu diberikan untuk cepat lulus serta
semangat yang diberikan kepada penulis dalam menulis skripsi. Begitupun
dengan teman-teman Co.trainer, Trainer dan pegawai sekretariat p2kk atas
dukungan dan motivasinya
x
11. Dan terakhit, terimakasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membantu baik
dalam memberikan support dan dorongan untuk penulis yang namanya
tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu-persatu. Terimakasih.
Semoga Allah SWT memberikan balasan yang berlipat ganda kepada
semuanya. Demi perbaikan selanjutnya, saran dan kritik yang membangun akan
penulis terima dengan senang hati. Akhirnya, hanya kepada Allah SWT penulis
serahkan segalanya. Semoga skripsi ini dapat berguna dalam menambah materi
akademik Hubungan Internasional UMM di kemudian hari.
Malang, 1 Mei 2017
Husnul Chotimah Rahanyamtel
xi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN SAMPUL...…………………………………………………………..i
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................. ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. iii
PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ...................................................................... iv
BERITA ACARA BIMBINGAN ......................................................................... v
ABSTRAKSI ..................................................................................................... vii
KATA PENGANTAR ...................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................ xiv
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xv
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xvi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN………………………………………………..……...xvii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................... 1
1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah......................................................................... 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah .................................................................................. 9
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................. 10
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................... 10
1.4.1. Manfaat Akademis ........................................................................ 10
1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ............................................................................. 10
1.5. Penelitian Terdahulu ............................................................................ 11
1.6. Kerangka Konsep ................................................................................ 21
1.6.2. Terorisme ..................................................................................... 21
1.6.3. Counter-Terrorism ........................................................................ 28
1.7. Metode Penelitian ................................................................................ 33
1.7.2. Jenis Penelitian ............................................................................. 33
1.7.3. Teknik Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 34
1.7.4. Teknik Analisis Data .................................................................... 34
xii
1.8. Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .................................................................... 35
1.8.1. Batasan Materi .............................................................................. 35
1.8.2. Batasan Waktu .............................................................................. 35
1.9. Argumentasi Dasar .............................................................................. 36
1.10. Sistematika Penulisan ............................................................................ 36
BAB II SEJARAH DAN ANCAMAN ISIS DI JORDANIA .............................. 39
2.1. Sejarah ISIS di Jordania ........................................................................... 39
2.2. Pandangan Jordania bahwa ISIS adalah ancaman ..................................... 46
2.3. Ancaman ISIS terhadap Jordania ............................................................. 54
2.3.1. Pendukung ISIS ................................................................................ 54
a. Aksi Protes Mendukung ISIS ............................................................... 55
b. Melakukan Janji Setia (Bai’at) kepada ISIS ......................................... 58
c. Promosi Ideologi ISIS Melalui Media Sosial ........................................ 59
d. Bergabungnya Orang Jordania Ke Dalam Organisasi ISIS ................... 60
2.3.2. Kembalinya Pejuang Asing ISIS ke Jordania ..................................... 63
2.3.3. Serangan ISIS Terhadap Jordania ...................................................... 65
BAB III KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIK JORDANIA MENGHADAPI ISIS ........... 70
3.1. Penguatan Hukum Melalui Amandemen UU Anti-Terorisme ............... 70
a. Pasal Dua (2) ....................................................................................... 72
b. Pasal Tiga (3) ....................................................................................... 75
c. Pasal Empat (4) .................................................................................... 80
3.2. Kampanye Ideologi dan De-Radikalisasi ................................................. 87
3.2.1. Kampanye Islam Moderat ............................................................. 88
1. Kampanye Ideologi Melalui Ulama dan Penceramah ........................... 88
2. Kampanye Ideologi Melalui Pendidikan di Sekolah ............................. 93
3. Kampanye Ideologi Melalui Figur Jihadis ............................................ 95
3.2.2. Central Mosque Program ............................................................. 99
3.2.3. The Community Peace Center Program.......................................... 102
3.3. Peningkatan Kekuatan Militer di Wilayah Perbatasan ........................ 105
BAB IV KEBIJAKAN EKSTERNAL JORDANIA MENGHADAPI ISIS ....... 114
4.1. Jordania Bergabung dalam US-Coalition ........................................... 114
xiii
4.1.1. Melakukan Serangan Militer di Irak dan Suriah .......................... 118
4.1.2. Jordan General Intelligence Department ..................................... 123
4.1.3. Pelatihan Militer ......................................................................... 126
4.2. Kerjasama Bilateral............................................................................ 129
4.2.1. Kerjasama dengan Amerika Serikat ............................................ 130
4.2.2. Kerjasama dengan Israel ............................................................. 134
4.2.3. Kerjasama dengan Rusia ............................................................. 136
4.3. Menyetujui Resolusi Dewan Keamanan Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa (PBB)….. ..................................................................................................... 142
4.3.1. Adopsi Resolusi 2170 (2014) ...................................................... 142
4.3.2. Adopsi Resolusi 2178 (2014) ...................................................... 143
4.3.3. Adopsi Resolusi 2199 (2015) ...................................................... 145
4.3.4. Adopsi Resolusi 2253 (2015) ...................................................... 147
BAB V PENUTUP .......................................................................................... 155
5.1. Kesimpulan........................................................................................ 155
5.2. Saran ................................................................................................. 157
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 158
Lampiran-Lampiran ......................................................................................... 179
xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 UU Anti-Terorisme Jordania No.55 Tahun 2006………….. 169
Lampiran 2 Amandemen UU UU Anti-Terorisme Jordania No.55 Tahun 2006 Pada Tahun 2014……………………………... 173
158
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