Download - Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi 1
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PENGANTAR ILMU
EKONOMI
Ir. Murman Budijanto, MT.,
MIDEC.
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Pengertian Ilmu Ekonomi :
1. The study of making choices2. Economics is a social science that studies human behaviour
3. The study of how individuals and groups make decisionswith limited resources as to best satisfy their unlimitedwants, needs and expectations
. The study of the production, distribution and consumptionof wealth in human society
!ermasalahan pokok " #einginan yg tak terbatas sedang
kan resources yg ada terbatas $#elangkaan % Efisiensi & $'carcity ( Efficiency )
*agaimana menggunakan resources yg terbatas utk memproduksi barang2 yg diperlukan dan mendistribusikannyapada berbagai pihak yg memerlukan
$meningkatkan taraf hidup rakyat sehari % hari )
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Industrial Engineering : AIIE (1922 )
IIE (1981)+ndustrial Engineering is concerned with the "
-esign of integrated systemsof "- +mprovement people materials information
-+nstallation e/uipment energy+t draws upon specialized knowledge and skill$ 0 bagian2 terpilih)
in the " mathematical physical social sciences togrther with
the principles and methods of engineering analysis and designto specify - predict and evaluate
the result to be obtained from such system
Apa relevansi Pengantar Ilmu Ekonomi bagi disiplin ilmu TI ?
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Tema pokok ilmu ekonomi :
SCARCITY & EFFICIENCY
Ilmu Ekonomi mempelajari!
Ba"aimana #ara m$m$nu%i &$'utu%anmanu(ia )an" jum*a%n)a + j$ni(n)a ta&
t$r'ata( d$n"an R$(our#$(- )" t$r($diada*am jum*a% )an" t$r'ata(
Ba"aimana ma()ara&at m$n""una&anR$(our#$( )" t$r'ata( (#ar#$/ untu&
m$m0rodu&(i 'aran"1'aran" )" '$r"una +m$ndi(tri'u(i&ann)a &$ '$r'a"ai 0i%a& dima()ara&at .
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KONSEP SCARCITY &EICIENCY
M$mun#u*&an &$(adaran a&anadan)a !
E#onomi#( Good(
Non E#onomi#( Good( ($0$rti!
1 0a(ir di 0adan" 0a(ir
1 air *aut di 0antai
1 d(t.
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Pertan!aan "a#ar $ pokok
perekonomian% Apa (aja )" %aru( di0rodu&(i + 'erapa
'an!ak4
( )agaimanaProdu&(i 'aran" + ja(a %aru(
di*a&u&an 4
* )agaimanadi(tri'u(i 'aran" + ja(a %aru(
di*a&u&an 4
+ ,ntuk #iapa 0rodu&(i + di(tri'u(i 'aran" +
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,tk menja1a' pertan!aan( t#'
%223 : The Wealth of Nation AdamSmith, m$nj$*a(&an !
Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a da0at
t$r'$ntu& Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a a&an
m$m0$n"aru%i m$&ani(m$ 0a(ar
T%$ In7i(i'*$ 8and /
Ba"aimana (i9at : (i9at 0a(ar )" $;(i$n
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'$*um da0at
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@
%5*7, General Theory of Employment, Interet &!oney " #ohn !aynard $eyne, mengemukakan
A0a )" m$n)$'a'&an 0$n"an""uran + E#onomi# Do?nTurn(
Ba"aimana tin"&at in7$(ta(i + &on(um(i dit$ta0&an
Ba"aimana 'an& ($ntra* %aru( m$n"atur uan" + tin"&at
(u&u 'un"a M$n"a0a di(aat )" (ama, n$"ara A- mam0u maju 0$(at,
($dan"&an n$"ara B- (ta"nan
P$ran 0$m$rinta% untu& m$n"uran"i 0$n"aru% n$"ati9dari nai& turunn)a 0$r$&onomian Bu(in$(( C)#*$/
0akro Ekonomi
m$m0$*ajari &in$rja 0$r$&onomian ($#ara&$($*uru%an (the overall perfomance of the economy)
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Tuga# Ilmu Ekonomi : M$n)adar&an 'a%?a r$(our#$( '$rada da*amjum*a% t$r'ata(
2. Ba"aimana m$n"or"ani(a(i 0$man9aatann)a
($ 1 $;(i$n dan ($ 1 $9$&ti9 mun"&inuntu&
3. M$nin"&at&an T%$ *i7in" #ondition o9 0$o0*$in t%$ir $7$r)da) *i7$(. 5a?a'an ata( %at :8o? + or %om /
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TRAN=AK=I
NEED=
ANT=
DEMAND
PRODUK
EC8ANGE
NEED= + ANT= DEMAND MARKET
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TE I!"I#I$%E A!& (' A&A #IT )
1 Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a da0at t$r'$ntu&1 Ba"aimana &$($im'an"an %ar"a a&an m$m0$n"aru%im$&ani(m$ 0a(ar
T%$ In7i(i'*$ 8and /1 Ba"aimana (i9at : (i9at 0a(ar )" $;(i$n
Kegagalan T4e In8i#i'le .an"
1 EFt$rna*iti$( ! ..
1 Mono0o*) !1 Pu'*i# Good( !
0ikro Ekonomi!
Perlu a"a peran pemerinta4 untuk menangani 4al / 4al
"iata#
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Kegagalan
Invisible Hand
Intervensi
Pemerintah
Contoh-contoh
In Efficiency
Monopoli
Externalities
Public Goods
Hukum & peraturan antimonopoli, anti polusi,dst
Pertahanan, RS,Listrik,air,dst
Int$r7$n(i Pa(ar
=u'(idi
PE%*!+A PEA! PEEI!TA &A%A PEE,-!-IA!
Instability
InflasiPenanuran
Pertumbuhan
lambat
Menstabilkan l!at
polic"# makroekonomi
$ebi%akan moneter %umlah
uan beredar, tinkat buna '
$ebi%akan (iskal pa%ak,
proram peneluaran
pemerintah'
In Equality
$etidakadilanpendapatan &
kese%ahteraan
Redistribusi
Income
Proram#bantuan sosial
Pa%ak proresif terhadappendapatan & keme!ahan
A"am Smit4 :
9ilengkapi ole4 pemikiran( lanjut ;o4n 0a!nar" Ke!ne##2 0ound o9 9ood
O00ortunit) #o(t o9#*ot%in" 2 0ound( o9 9ood
* + %( %*
A Produ#tion Po((i'i*it) ronti$r
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T%$ 0rodu#tion 0o((i'i*it) 9ronti$rr$mind( u( t%at r$(our#$( ar$ (#ar#$
=#ar#it) m$an( t%at ?$ mu(t ma&$#%oi#$( $a#% #%oi#$ %a( o00ortunit) #o(t(
t%$ o00ortunit) #o(t( d$0$nd on %o?
mu#% o9 $a#% "ood i( 0rodu#$d
A Produ#tion Po((i'i*it) ronti$r
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A Produ#tion Po((i'i*it) ronti$r
=u00o($ t%at t%$ 0rodu#tion0o((i'i*it) 9ronti$r #an '$
r$0r$($nt$d ') 2252 22
=+yx
To ;nd t%$ (*o0$, ?$ #an (o*7$ 9or" 2
2225 xy =
I9 ?$ di$r$ntiat$
y
x
y
xxx
dx
dy 2
2
4)4()2225(
2
1 2/12 =
==
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A Produ#tion Po((i'i*it) ronti$r
?%$n#,y3.2, t%$ (*o0$12/>3.2 1.6
?%$n#,y, t%$ (*o0$ 12/> 1
t%$ (*o0$ ri($( a(yri($(
y
x
y
xxx
dx
dy 2
2
4)4()2225(
2
1 2/12 =
==
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$*9ar$ E#onomi#( too*( u($d in "$n$ra* $ui*i'rium ana*)(i(
%a7$ '$$n u($d 9or normati7$ ana*)(i(#on#$rnin" t%$ d$(ira'i*it) o9 7ariou($#onomi# out#om$(
$#onomi(t( ran#i( Ed"$?ort% and Hi*9r$do
Par$to %$*0$d to 0ro7id$ a 0r$#i($ d$;nition o9
$#onomi# $S#i$n#) and d$mon(trat$d t%$
#ondition( und$r ?%i#% mar&$t( #an attain
t%at "oa*
T%$ E#onomi# T%$or) o9 Ha*u$
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Mod$rn Too*(
C*ari;#ation o9 t%$ 'a(i# '$%a7iora*a((um0tion( a'out indi7idua* and
;rm '$%a7ior Cr$ation o9 n$? too*( to (tud)
mar&$t(
In#or0oration o9 un#$rtaint) andim0$r9$#t in9ormation into $#onomi#mod$*(
In#r$a(in" u($ o9 #om0ut$r( to
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Im0ortant Point( to Not$!
E#onomi#( i( t%$ (tud) o9 %o?(#ar#$ r$(our#$( ar$ a**o#at$d
amon" a*t$rnati7$ u($( $#onomi(t( u($ (im0*$ mod$*( to
und$r(tand t%$ 0ro#$((
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Im0ortant Point( to Not$!
T%$ mo(t #ommon*) u($d$#onomi# mod$* i( t%$ (u00*)1
d$mand mod$* (%o?( %o? 0ri#$( ($r7$ to 'a*an#$
0rodu#tion #o(t( and t%$ ?i**in"n$((
o9 'u)$r( to 0a) 9or t%$($ #o(t(
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