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SUGENG TRIUTOMO
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BENCANA
TANGGAP
DARURAT
PEMULIHAN
KESIAPSIAGAAN
PENCEGAHAN
MITIGASI
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Pencegahandan Mitigasi
Kesiapsiagaan
Pemulihan
TanggapDarurat
BENCANA
MANAJEMEN BENCANA
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Tanggap
Darurat
Pasca
Darurat
Pencegahan &
Mitigasi
Kesiapsiagaan
Kajian Darurat
Bantuan Darurat
Rehabilitasi
Penuntasan
Pembangunan Kembali
Perencanaan Siaga
Peringatan dini
Pengkajian
Koordinasi
Manajemen Informasi
Mobilisasi Sumberdaya
Keterkaitan Nas & IntlPerencanaan Kesiapan
Pemulihan
Pencegahan
Mitigasi
Rencana Operasional
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Increase
access of
vulnerable
group to power
and resources
Challenges any
ideology,
politics or
economicsystem
Development of:
-education
-training-skill
-local market
-people
participation
Micro forces:
-health
-manage
urbanization
- credit/loan
Protected
environment:
- Improve rules,
codes- Strengthen
existing
building
- Review land
use planning
Public action:
- Improve
disasterplanning
- Preparedness
Prevention
Mitigation
Relocation
Reduce
Hazard
Achieve
Safe
Condition
Reduce
Risk
Reduce
Pressure
- No loss
of life
- Fewcasualti
es
Address
root cause
Release Model
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The outright avoidance of adverse impacts of hazards andrelated disasters.
Prevention (i.e. disaster prevention) expresses the conceptand intention to completely avoid potential adverse impacts
through action taken in advance. Examples include dams orembankments that eliminate flood risks, land-useregulations that do not permit any settlement in high riskzones, and seismic engineering designs that ensure thesurvival and function of a critical building in any likelyearthquake. Very often the complete avoidance of losses is
not feasible and the task transforms to that of mitigation.Partly for this reason, the terms prevention and mitigationare sometimes used interchangeably in casual use.
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The set of capacities needed to generate and disseminatetimely and meaningful warning information to enableindividuals, communities and organizations threatened by ahazard to prepare and to act appropriately and in sufficienttime to reduce the possibility of harm or loss.
This definition encompasses the range of factors necessaryto achieve effective responses to warnings. A people-centred early warning system necessarily comprises fourkey elements: knowledge of the risks; monitoring, analysisand forecasting of the hazards; communication ordissemination of alerts and warnings; and local capabilities
to respond to the warnings received. The expression end-toend warning systemis also used to emphasize that warningsystems need to span all steps from hazard detectionthrough to community response.
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The systematic process of using administrative directives,organizations, and operational skills and capacities toimplement strategies, policies and improved copingcapacities in order to lessen the adverse impacts of hazardsand the possibility of disaster.
Comment: This term is an extension of the more general termriskmanagementto address the specific issue of disasterrisks. Disaster risk management aims to avoid, lessen ortransfer the adverse effects of hazards through activities andmeasures for prevention, mitigation and preparedness.Disaster risk reduction The concept and practice of
reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyseand manage the causal factors of disasters, includingthrough reduced exposure to
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The systematic approach and practice of managinguncertainty to minimize potential harm and loss.
Comment: Risk management comprises riskassessment and analysis, and the implementation ofstrategies and specific actions to control, reduce andtransfer risks. It is widely practiced by organizationsto minimise risk in investment decisions and toaddressoperational risks such as those of businessdisruption, production failure, environmentaldamage, social impacts and damage from fire and
natural hazards. Risk management is a core issue forsectors such as water supply, energy and agriculturewhose production is directly affected by extremes ofweather and climate.
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A methodology to determine the nature and extent of risk byanalysing potential hazards and evaluating existingconditions of vulnerability that together could potentiallyharm exposed people, property, services, livelihoods andthe environment on which they depend.
Risk assessments (and associated risk mapping) include: areview of the technical characteristics of hazards such astheir location, intensity, frequency and probability; theanalysis of exposure and vulnerability including thephysical social, health, economic and environmentaldimensions; and the evaluation of the effectiveness of
prevailing and alternative coping capacities in respect tolikely risk scenarios. This series of activities is sometimesknown as a risk analysis process.
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The process of formally or informally shifting the financial consequencesof particular risks from one party to another whereby a household,community, enterprise or state authority will obtain resources from theother party after a disaster occurs, in exchange for ongoing orcompensatory social or financial benefits provided to that other party.Insurance is a well-known form of risk transfer, where coverage of a risk isobtained from an insurer in exchange for ongoing premiums paid to theinsurer. Risk transfer can occur informally within family and communitynetworks where there are reciprocal expectations of mutual aid by meansof gifts or credit, as well as formally where governments, insurers, multi-lateral banks and other large risk-bearing entities establish mechanismsto help cope with losses in major events. Such mechanisms includeinsurance and re-insurance contracts, catastrophe bonds, contingentcredit facilities and reserve funds, where the costs are covered by
premiums, investor contributions, interest rates and past savings,respectively.
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The provision of emergency services and publicassistance during or immediately after a disasterin order to save lives, reduce health impacts,ensure public safety and meet the basic
subsistence needs of the people affected.Disaster response is predominantly focused onimmediate and short-term needs and issometimes called disaster relief. The divisionbetween this response stage and the subsequent
recovery stage is not clear-cut. Some responseactions, such as the supply of temporary housingand water supplies, may extend well into therecovery stage.
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Reinforcement or upgrading of existingstructures to become more resistant andresilient to the damaging effects of hazards.Retrofitting requires consideration of the
design and function of the structure, thestresses that the structure may be subject tofrom particular hazards or hazard scenarios,and the practicality and costs of different
retrofitting options. Examples of retrofittinginclude adding bracing to stiffen walls,reinforcing pillars, adding steel tiesbetween walls and roofs, installing shutterson windows, and improving the protectionof important facilities and equipment.
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The ability of a system, community or societyexposed to hazards to resist, absorb,accommodate to and recover from the effects of ahazard in a timely and efficient manner,
including through the reservation and restorationof its essential basic structures and functions.Resilience means the ability to resile from orspring back from a shock. The resilience of acommunity in respect to potential hazard events
is determined by the degree to which thecommunity has the necessary resources and iscapable of organizing itself both prior to andduring times of need.
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Development that meets the needs of the presentwithout compromising the ability of futuregenerations to meet their own needs.
This definition coined by the 1987 Brundtland
Commission is very succinct but it leavesunanswered many questions regarding the meaningof the word development and the social, economicand environmental processes involved. Disaster riskis associated with unsustainable elements of
development such as environmental degradation,while conversely disaster risk reduction cancontribute to the achievement of sustainabledevelopment, through reduced losses and improveddevelopment practices.
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MANAJEMEN BENCANA
MANAJEMEN
RESIKO
BENCANA
MANAJEMEN
KEDARURATAN
MANAJEMEN
PEMULIHAN
MITIGASI
KESIAPSIAGAAN
PRA BENCANA SAAT BENCANA PASCA BENCANA
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Comprehensive
Progressive
Risk driven
Integrated
Collaborative
Coordinated
FlexibleProfessional
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Manajer bencana harus memperhatikan
secara menyeluruh: Semua ancaman dan bahaya yang ada di wilayahnya
dan yg mengancam wilayahnya. Semua fase penanggulangan bencana (pencegahan,
mitigasi, tanggap darurat dan pemulihan).
Semua dampak yang ditimbulkan (thd. infrastruktur,
manusia dan ekonomi) Semua pemangku kepentingan (pemerintah, swasta,
masyarakat umum
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Manajer bencana harus dapat
mengantisipasi langkah-langkah ke
depan berupa pencegahan dan kesiapan,
karena bencana akan semakin: Sering terjadi,
Meningkat intensitasnya,
Dinamis, Kompleks.
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Manajer bencana harus berwawasan
manajemen risiko dalam menentukan
prioritas penanganan dan pengerahan
sumberdaya.Manajemen risiko yang efektif harus
berdasar pada:
Identifikasi ancaman Analisis risiko, bahaya dan kerentanan
Perkiraan dampak yang ditimbulkan
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Manajer bencana harus dapat
memastikan kesatuan dan kemampuan
dari semua pihak: Pemerintah dan pemerintah daerah
Swasta
Masyarakat
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Manajer bencana harus mampu
menciptakan kerjasama antar individu
dan organisasi untuk membangun
kepercayaan, mendorong semangat tim,membangun konsensus dan menfasilitasi
komunikasi.
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Manajer bencana harus dapat
mensinkronkan berbagai kegiatan dari
semua pemangku kepentingan terkait
untuk mencapai tujuan bersama.Koordinasi memerlukan komitmen yang
jelas dari setiap unsur sesuai dengan
tugas pokok dan fungsinya, danterorganisasi secara baik.
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Manajer bencana harus mampu
menciptakan inovasi dan pendekatan
guna menyelesaikan masalah dan
tantangan yang dihadapi.Mampu menyesuaikan dan beradaptasi
dengan perubahan keadaaan yang
sangat cepat dan tidak menentu, untukmendapatkan langkah terbaik.
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Manajer bencana harus cukup mempunyai
pengetahuan pendekatan yang berbasis
pendidikan, pelatihan pengalaman, praktik,
kepemimpinan publik yang selalu meningkat. Seorang profesional memiliki:
Kode etik
Asosiasi profesi
Badan sertifikasi
Spesialisasi
Standard
International Assosiation of Emergency Managers Code of Ethics
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International Assosiation of Emergency Managers Code of Ethics
PreambuleMaintenance of public, trust and confidence is central to the effectiveness of the Emergency management Profession.
The member of the International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM) adhere to the highest standards of
ethical and professional conduct. This code of ethics for the IAEM members and also for the Certified Emergency
Managers (whether or not they are IAEM members) reflects the spirit and proper conduct dictated by the confidence ofsociety and commitment to the well being of all. The members of the Association conduct themselves in accordance
with the basic principles of RESPECT, COMMITMENT and PROFESSIONALISM.
ETHICS
RESPECTRespect for supervising officials, colleagues, associates and most importantly for the people we serve is the standard
for IAEM members. We comply with all laws and regulations applicable to our purpose and position, and responsiblyand impartially apply them to all concerned. We respect fiscal resources by evaluating organizational decisions to
provide the best service or product at a minimal cost without sacrifying quality.
COMMITMENTIAEM members commit themselves to promoting decisions that engender trust and those we serve. We commit to
continous improvement by fairly administering the affairs of our positions, by fostering honest and trustworthy
relationship and by striving for impeccable accuracy and clarify in what we say and write. We commit to enchancing
stewardship of resources and the caliber of service we deliver while striving to improve the quality of life in thecommmunity we serve.
PROFESSIONALISMIAEM is an organization that actively promotes professionalism to ensure public confidence in Emergency
Management. Our reputation are built on the faithful discharge of our duties. Our professionalism is founded on
education, safety and protection of life and property.
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Cepat dan tepat
Prioritas
Koordinasi dan keterpaduan
Berdayaguna dan berhasilguna Transparansi dan akuntabilitas
Kemitraan
Pemberdayaan
Non diskriminatifNon proletisi
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Harus terarah pada isu kunci nya Harus memberikan perhatian pertama pada kelompok yang paling
rentan Harus mendorong budaya pencegahan Harus mengintegrasikan pengurangan risiko ke dalam pembangunan Harus menjamin persamaan Harus menjamin keterlibatan masyarakat Harus mengarahkan semua jajaran pemerintahan Harus transparan dan inklusif Harus mengakomodasi kondisi lokal Harus memiliki legitimasi Harus fleksibel dan dapat diadaptasikan
Harus efisien dan efektif Harus affordable dan berlanjut Harus berorientasi pada kebutuhan dan prioritas Harus berbasis multidisiplin dan pendekatan yang terpadu
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