vi
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ................................................................................. ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN........................................................................................ ii
PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv
DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ....................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................... xi
INTISARI .............................................................................................................. xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. 1
1.1. Latar Belakang ................................................................................. 1
1.2. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 3
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................. 3
1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ........................................................................ 3
1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ....................................................................... 3
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................... 3
1.4.1. Manfaat Teoritis ..................................................................... 3
1.4.2. Manfaat Praktis ...................................................................... 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................... 5
2.1. Propionibacterium acnes ................................................................. 5
2.1.1. Karakteristik ........................................................................... 5
2.1.2. Klasifikasi .............................................................................. 5
2.1.3. Morfologi ............................................................................... 6
2.1.4. Patogenesis ............................................................................. 7
2.1.5. Uji Efek Antibakteri ............................................................... 9
2.1.6. Sifat Aktivitas Antibakteri ................................................... 10
2.1.7. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Bakteri .............. 10
2.2. Tanaman Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava) ....................................... 13
2.2.1. Deskripsi Tanaman .............................................................. 13
vii
2.2.3. Taksonomi ............................................................................ 13
2.2.4. MorfologiDaun Jambu Biji Merah Getas (Psidium guajava L.
“Merah Getas”) .................................................................... 14
2.2.5. Kandungan Fitokimia pada Daun Jambu Biji Merah Getas
(Psidium guajava L.” Merah Getas” ) .................................. 15
2.3. Mekanisme Kerja Antibiotik ......................................................... 15
2.4. Mekanisme kerja Daun Jambu Biji terhadap Propionibacterium
acne. ............................................................................................... 16
2.5. Mekanisme Kerja Klindamisin pada Propionibacterium acnes .... 18
2.6. Kerangka Teori .............................................................................. 19
2.7. Kerangka Konsep .......................................................................... 19
2.8. Hipotesis ........................................................................................ 19
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ..................................................................... 20
3.1. Jenis penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian .................................... 20
3.2. Variable dan Definisi Operasional ................................................ 20
3.2.1. Variabel Penelitian ............................................................... 20
3.2.2. Definisi Operasional ............................................................ 20
3.3. Populasi dan sampel ...................................................................... 21
3.4. Instrument Penelitian ..................................................................... 22
3.5. Bahan Penelitian ............................................................................ 22
3.6. Cara Penelitian ............................................................................... 22
3.6.1. Sterilisasi Alat dan Bahan .................................................... 22
3.6.2. Ekstraksi Daun Jambu Biji Merah Getas ............................. 22
3.6.3. Uji Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji terhadap Zona
Hambat Pertumbuhan Propionibacterium acnes ................. 23
3.7. Alur Penelitian ............................................................................... 25
3.8. Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................... 26
3.8.1. Tempat Penelitian ................................................................ 26
3.8.2. Waktu Penelitian .................................................................. 26
3.9. Analisis Hasil ................................................................................. 26
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BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN .................................... 27
4.1 Hasil Penelitian .............................................................................. 27
4.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................... 30
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................ 32
5.1. Kesimpulan .................................................................................... 32
5.2 Saran .............................................................................................. 32
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 33
LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 35
ix
DAFTAR SINGKATAN
BPOM : Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan
DNA : Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
IL : Interleukin
PMN : Polimorfonuklear
RNA : Reoxyribo Nucleic Acid
TLR : Toll like receptor
TNF-α : Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Gambaran mikroskopis Propionibacterium acnes ............................ 6
Gambar 2.2 Struktur sel Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes ................................... 7
Gambar 2.3 Morfologi Daun Jambu Biji ............................................................. 14
Gambar 2.4 Jembatan silang peptidoglikan .......................................................... 18
Gambar 4.1 Diameter Daerah Hambat pada kelompok perlakuan ....................... 28
Gambar 4.2 Diameter Daerah Hambat Propionibacterium acnes pada tiap
konsentrasi ekstrak daun jambu biji .................................................. 28
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Surat Keterangan Penelitian dan Hasil Uji Antibakteri .................... 35
Lampiran 2 Ethical Clearance ............................................................................. 40
Lampiran 3 Standar Deviasi dan Mean Antar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun
Jambu Biji dan Kontrol Positif ......................................................... 41
Lampiran 4 Hasil Uji Normalitas Antar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Jambu
Bijidan Kontrol Positif ...................................................................... 42
Lampiran 5 Hasil Uji Homogenitas Antar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Jambu
Bijidan Kontrol Positif ...................................................................... 43
Lampiran 6 Hasil Uji Kruskal WallisAntar Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Jambu
Biji, Kontrol Positif dan Kontrol Negatif ......................................... 44
Lampiran 7 Dokumentasi Penelitian .................................................................... 45