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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... ii
SURAT PERNYATAAN................................................................................. iii
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH ............. iv
PRAKATA....................................................................................................... v
DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL............................................................................................ xi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xii
DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiii
INTISARI......................................................................................................... xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN........................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 3
1.3 Tujuan....................................................................................... 3
1.3.1 Tujuan Umum............................................................... 3
1.3.2 Tujuan Khusus .............................................................. 3
1.4 Manfaat Penelitian.................................................................... 4
1.4.1 Manfaat teoritis............................................................. 4
1.4.2 Manfaat praktis ............................................................ 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.................................................................. 5
2.1 Laringitis Kronik ...................................................................... 5
2.1.1 Definisi ......................................................................... 5
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2.1.2 Klasifikasi ..................................................................... 7
2.1.3 Faktor Resiko................................................................ 10
2.1.4 Patofisiologi.................................................................. 12
2.1.5 Terapi............................................................................ 13
2.2 Perilaku Merokok ..................................................................... 15
2.2.1 Definisi ......................................................................... 15
2.2.2 Komposisi Rokok ......................................................... 16
2.2.2.1 Karbon Monoksida (CO)................................ 16
2.2.2.2 Nikotin............................................................ 16
2.2.2.3 Tar................................................................... 17
2.2.2.4 HCN/ Asam Sianida ....................................... 17
2.2.2.5 Nitrous Oxide ................................................. 17
2.2.2.6 Fenol ............................................................... 17
2.2.2.7 Asetol.............................................................. 18
2.2.2.8 Asam Sulfida (H2S) ....................................... 18
2.2.2.9 Metanol........................................................... 18
2.2.2.10 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH).... 18
2.2.2.11 N-Nitrosamine ................................................ 19
2.3 Derajat Berat Merokok ............................................................. 19
2.4 Hubungan Perilaku Merokok Terhadap Kejadian Laringitis
Kronik....................................................................................... 19
2.5 Kerangka Teori ......................................................................... 22
2.6 Kerangka Konsep ..................................................................... 23
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2.7 Hipotesis ................................................................................... 23
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN ................................................................ 24
3.1 Jenis Penelitian dan Rancangan Penelitian............................... 24
3.2 Variabel dan Definisi Operasional ........................................... 24
3.1.1 Variabel......................................................................... 24
3.1.2 Definisi Operasional ..................................................... 24
3.1.2.1 Derajat Merokok............................................. 24
3.1.2.2 Laringitis Kronik ............................................ 25
3.3 Populasi dan Sampel................................................................. 25
3.3.1 Populasi ........................................................................ 25
3.3.1.1 Populasi Target ............................................... 25
3.3.1.2 Populasi Terjangkau ....................................... 25
3.3.2 Sampel .......................................................................... 25
3.3.2.1 Kriteria Inklusi................................................ 25
3.3.2.2 Kriteria Eksklusi ............................................. 25
3.4 Instrumen Penelitian................................................................. 27
3.5 Cara Penelitian.......................................................................... 27
3.5.1 Perencanaan .................................................................. 27
3.5.2 Pengambilan Sampel .................................................... 27
3.5.3 Pengumpulan Data........................................................ 28
3.5.4 Pengolahan Data ........................................................... 28
3.6 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................. 29
3.6.1 Tempat Penelitian ......................................................... 29
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3.6.2 Waktu Penelitian........................................................... 29
3.7 Analisis Hasil............................................................................ 29
3.8 Alur penelitian .......................................................................... 30
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................ 31
4.1 Hasil Penelitian......................................................................... 31
4.2 Pembahasan .............................................................................. 36
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................... 39
5.1 Kesimpulan............................................................................... 39
5.2 Saran ......................................................................................... 39
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 40
LAMPIRAN..................................................................................................... 42
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1. Proses seleksi sampel penelitian................................................... 31
Tabel 4.2. Karakteristik umum sampel penelitian berdasarkan kelompok
usia................................................................................................ 32
Tabel 4.3. Karakteristik umum sampel berdasarkan jenis kelamin ............... 32
Tabel 4.4. Karakteristik sampel berdasarkan jenis pekerjaan........................ 33
Tabel 4.5. Karakteristik sampel berdasarkan Indeks Brinkman .................... 33
Tabel 4. 6. Kejadian laringitis kronik ............................................................. 34
Tabel 4.7. Kejadian laringitis kronik berdasarkan karakteristik sampel
penelitian ...................................................................................... 34
Tabel 4.8. Kejadian laringitis kronik berdasarkan derajat merokok yang
diukur dengan indeks brinkman ................................................... 35
Tabel 4.9. Hasil uji fisher exact hubungan derajat merokok terhadap
kejadian laringitis kronik .............................................................. 36
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Lembar Informasi Tertulis Kepada Responden........................ 42
Lampiran 2. Lembar Informed Consent ........................................................ 43
Lampiran 3. Surat Keterangan telah Melakukan Penelitian ........................ 44
Lampiran 4. Lembar Informasi Tertulis Kepada Responden........................ 45
Lampiran 5. Lembar Informed Consent ........................................................ 46
Lampiran 6. Kuesioner Penelitian Hubungan Derajat Merokok Terhadap
Kejadian Laringitis Kronik....................................................... 47
Lampiran 7. Data Penelitian.......................................................................... 49
Lampiran 8. Hasil Uji Statistik ..................................................................... 52
.
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
CD : cluster differentiation
CI : confidence interval
DNA : deoxyribo nucleic acid
GERD : gastroesophageal reflux
LPR : Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
MHC : Major Histocompatability Complex
OR : odd ratio
PAH : Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PMN : polimorfonuklear
PPA : fenilpropanolamin
RT/RW : rukun tetangga/rukun warga
VNA : Volatile N-Nitrosamina