Download - Bakteri
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Bakteri merupakan organisme prokariot yang memiliki peranan yang sangat penting karena pertumbuhan yang sangat cepat, reproduksi, dan tingkat mutasi, begitu juga kemampuan untuk hidup pada kondisi yang ekstrim.
Ada yang menguntungkan dan ada yang merugikan.
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Diameter bakteri berkisar antara 0.5 - 2.0 um. RBC (7.5 um).
Luas permukaan berkisar 12 um2
Volume + 4 um3. Perbandingan luas permukaan dengan
volume 3:1 Makanan masuk melalui permukaan
sel bakteri. Organel sel (ribosom dan mesosom)
Chapter 4
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Coccus Chain = Streptoccus Cluster =
Staphylococcus Bacillus
Chain = Streptobacillus Coccobacillus Vibrio = curved Spirillum Spirochete Square Star
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Chapter 4
Bentuk seperti rambut yang amat tipis. Berperan dalam motilitas sel. Terdiri dari tubuh dasar, struktur seperti
kait, dan sehelai filamen yang panjang. Keberadaan flagellum ini dapat dijadikan
sebagai acuan dalam klasifikasi bakteri. Contoh: genus Pseudomonas (monotrikus dan
lofotrikus), Spirillum (amfitrikus), Escherichia dan Salmonella (peritrikus)
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Chapter 4
Terdapat pada bakteri Gram -. Ukuran lebih kecil, pendek, dan lebih
banyak dari flagella. Hanya dapat diamati dengan mikroskop
elektron. Berfungsi untuk melekatkan diri dan
transfer materi genetik (pillus F atau pillus seks).
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Chapter 4
Terdapat pada beberapa jenis bakteri (Klebsiella pneumonia).
Ukuran kapsul sangat dipengaruhi oleh medium pertumbuhan.
Berfungsi sebagai cadangan makanan dan meningkatkan kemampuan virulensi.
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Chapter 4
Terdiri dari air (80%) dan mineral serta protein (20%).
Merupakan tempat terjadinya proses metabolisme pada sel bakteri.
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Chapter 4
Terletak di bawah dinding sel. Ketebalan + 7,5 nm. Berperan penting dalam proses keluar
masuk zat-zat yang diperlukan oleh sel bakteri.
Disusun oleh phospholipid bilayer dan protein.
Proses keluar masuknya zat dapat melalui: Difusi Osmosis Transpor aktif
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Chapter 4
Struktur kaku yang memberikan bentuk pada sel.
Tebal berkisar antara 10 – 35 nm. Komposisi:
Peptidoglikan (N-asetilglukosamin (NAG), N-asetilmuramic (NAM), dan protein (L-alanin, D-alanin, asam D-glutamat, dan lisin).
Asam tekoat (Gram +), protein, polisakarida, lipopretein, dan lipopolisakatida (Gram -) yang terikat pada peptidoglikan.
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Chapter 4
Terdapat pada beberapa genus bakteri (Bacillus, Sporosarcina dan Clostridium).
Tahan terhadap gangguan fisik dan kimia. Spora yang matang mempunyai
kemampuan bereproduksi seperti sel vegetatif.
Letak spora: Sentral Terminal Subterminal
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Chapter 4
KARAKTERISTIK
PERBEDAAN RELATIF
Gram + Gram - Bakteri Tahan Asam
Peptidoglikan
Asam tekoatLipid
Membran luarRuang periplasmikBentuk selSensitivitas terhadap penisilin
Tebal
AdaSedikit
Tidak adaTidak adaKakuSangat sensitif
Tipis
Tidak adaLipopolisakarida
AdaAdaKaku/ lenturKurang sensitif
Jumlah relatif sedikitTidak adaAs. mikolat, lilin dan glikolipidTidak adaTidak adaKaku/ lenturSangat kurang sensitif
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Chapter 4
Gram +
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Chapter 4
Gram -
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Chapter 4
Is this gram stain positive or Is this gram stain positive or negative? negative?
Identify the bacteria.Identify the bacteria.
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Chapter 4
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1. Fase lamban (lag)
2. Fase logaritma (eksponensial)
3. Fase Statis
4. Fase penurunan (kematian)
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Log
jum
lah
bakt
eri h
idup
Waktu
1
2
3
4
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Nutrisi Suhu
Psikrofilik (0 – 300 C) Mesofilik (25 – 400 C) Termofilik (45 – 750 C)
Gas pH (optimum 6,5 -7,5) Cahaya Salinitas
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TipeTipe Sumber energi Sumber energi pertumbuhanpertumbuhan
Sumber karbon Sumber karbon untuk untuk
pertumbuhanpertumbuhanContoh genusContoh genus
FototrofFototrof autotrofautotrof
heterotrofheterotrof
CahayaCahaya
CahayaCahaya
COCO22
Senyawa organikSenyawa organik
ChromatiumChromatium
RhodopseudomonaRhodopseudomonass
KemotrofKemotrof autotrofautotrof
heterotrofheterotrof
Oksidasi senyawa Oksidasi senyawa anorganikanorganik
Oksidasi senyawa Oksidasi senyawa organikorganik
COCO22
Senyawa organikSenyawa organik
ThiobacillusThiobacillus
EscherichiaEscherichia
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Reproduksi aseksual1. Pembelahan biner sederhana2. Spora3. Fragmentasi
Reproduksi seksual1. Transformasi2. Konjungasi3. Tranduksi
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1. Bentuk2. Kemampuan membentuk spora3. Cara produksi energi4. Reaksi terhadap pewarnaan gram
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Bakteri dikelompokkan ke dalam 2 divisi utama: Eubacteria Archebacteria
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Coba saudara cari ciri-ciri, klasifikasi dan keuntungan serta kerugian yang ditimbulkan oleh bakteri di bawah ini: Pseudomonas spp. Lactobacillus spp. Salmonella spp. Acetobacter spp.
Chapter 4