Download - Asam nukleat
![Page 1: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ASAM NUKLEAT
![Page 2: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Berbeda dengan 3 biomolekul yang lain
(karbohidrat, lipid, dan protein)..
asam nukleat tidak bekerja langsung
dalam proses pembentukan energi tubuh
![Page 3: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Asam nukleat merupakan biomolekul yang
paling penting..
ia bertugas mengatur
seluruh sifat & aktivitas makhluk hidup
![Page 4: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ada 2 jenis asam nukleat
![Page 5: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
DNA
(Asam DeoksiriboNukleat)
1
![Page 6: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNA
(Asam DeoksiriboNukleat)
RNA
(Asam RiboNukleat)
1
2
![Page 7: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Secara umum, keduanya berfungsi
dalam menyandi kode genetik
![Page 8: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sebelum melangkah lebih jauh, kita perlu
mengetahui bentuk molekul asam nukleat
![Page 9: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Asam nukleat merupakan molekul kompleks
yang terdiri dari 3 komponen utama :
![Page 10: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Asam nukleat merupakan molekul kompleks
yang terdiri dari 3 komponen utama :
1. Gula
2. Gugus Fosfat
3. Basa Nitrogen
![Page 11: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
GulaKomponen pertama asam nukleat adalah
monosakarida yang terdiri dari 5 atom C
![Page 12: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
GulaKomponen pertama asam nukleat adalah
monosakarida yang terdiri dari 5 atom C
![Page 13: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GulaKomponen pertama asam nukleat adalah
monosakarida yang terdiri dari 5 atom C
1
23
4
5
![Page 14: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Gula ini ada 2 jenis :
![Page 15: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Gula ini ada 2 jenis :
Ribosa
![Page 16: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Gula ini ada 2 jenis :
Ribosa Deoksiribosa
![Page 17: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Gugus FosfatKomponen selanjutnya adalah suatu molekul
dimana atom fosfat dikelilingi oleh 4 atom oksigen
![Page 18: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Gugus FosfatKomponen selanjutnya adalah suatu molekul
dimana atom fosfat dikelilingi oleh 4 atom oksigen
![Page 19: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Basa NitrogenKomponen terakhir adalah molekul berbentuk cincin
yang kerangkanya disusun oleh atom C dan N
![Page 20: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Berdasarkan jumlah cincinnya,
basa nitrogen dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok
![Page 21: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Berdasarkan jumlah cincinnya,
basa nitrogen dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok
Kelompok Purin
(2 buah cincin)
![Page 22: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Berdasarkan jumlah cincinnya,
basa nitrogen dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok
Kelompok Purin
(2 buah cincin)Kelompok Pirimidin
(1 buah cincin)
![Page 23: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kelompok Purin
terdiri dari 2 jenis basa nitrogen
![Page 24: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Kelompok Purin
terdiri dari 2 jenis basa nitrogen
Guanin (G)
![Page 25: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kelompok Purin
terdiri dari 2 jenis basa nitrogen
Guanin (G)
Adenin (A)
![Page 26: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kelompok Pirimidin
terdiri dari 3 jenis basa nitrogen
![Page 27: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kelompok Pirimidin
terdiri dari 3 jenis basa nitrogen
Sitosin (C)
![Page 28: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Kelompok Pirimidin
terdiri dari 3 jenis basa nitrogen
Sitosin (C)
Timin (T)
![Page 29: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Kelompok Pirimidin
terdiri dari 3 jenis basa nitrogen
Sitosin (C)
Timin (T)
Urasil (U)
![Page 30: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Nah sekarang …
![Page 31: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Nah sekarang …
apabila kita mengambil
masing-masing satu komponen
![Page 32: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Satu gula …
![Page 33: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
satu gugus fosfat …
![Page 34: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
… dan satu basa nitrogen
![Page 35: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Maka terbentuklah suatu molekul
yang disebut nukleotida
![Page 36: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Nukleotida ini merupakan unit yang menyusun
asam nukleat …
baik DNA maupun RNA
terdiri dari nukleotida yang berbaris panjang
![Page 38: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
dst …
![Page 43: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
inilah salah satu contoh
segmen asam nukleat
![Page 44: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Ada beberapa poin penting
yang harus diperhatikan
![Page 45: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Poin 1
Jenis gula
![Page 46: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Poin 1
Jenis gula
![Page 47: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Gula yang menjadi komponen
asam nukleat selalu sama jenisnya
![Page 48: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Kalau DNA, gulanya adalah deoksiribosa
Gula yang menjadi komponen
asam nukleat selalu sama jenisnya
![Page 49: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Gula yang menjadi komponen
asam nukleat selalu sama jenisnya
Kalau RNA, gulanya adalah ribosa
![Page 50: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Poin 2
Jenis basa nitrogen
![Page 51: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Poin 2
Jenis basa nitrogen
![Page 52: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Urutan basa nitrogen bisa
saja berbeda-beda …
![Page 53: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
… seperti ini
![Page 54: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
A
GC
T
C
![Page 55: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
A
GC
T
C
Kalau DNA, basa nitrogennya adalah
A, G, C, T
![Page 56: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
A
GC
T
C
Kalau RNA, basa nitrogennya adalah
A, G, C, U
![Page 57: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
A
GC
U
C
Kalau RNA,T diganti dengan U
![Page 58: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Sekarang, mengenai penamaan..
![Page 59: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Sekarang, mengenai penamaan..
bagaimana caranya
menyebut molekul ini?
![Page 60: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Perhatikan bagian ujung molekul
![Page 61: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
atom karbon no. 5
![Page 62: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
atom karbon no. 3
atom karbon no. 5
![Page 63: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Lalu jenis basa nitrogennya
5
3
![Page 64: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
A
G
C
T
C
5
3
![Page 65: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
A
G
C
T
C
5
3
Molekul ini disebut
![Page 66: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
A
G
C
T
C
5
3
Molekul ini disebut
5’–ACGTC–3’
![Page 67: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Sampai di sini, kita telah mengetahui
beberapa perbedaan antara RNA dan DNA
![Page 68: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
RNA DNAvs
![Page 69: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
RNA
Gula
DNA
Ribosa Deoksiribosa
Basa Nitrogen A, G, C, U A, G, C, T
vs
![Page 70: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
RNA
Gula
DNA
Ribosa Deoksiribosa
Basa Nitrogen A, G, C, U A, G, C, T
vs
(ada 1 perbedaan lagi)
![Page 71: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
RNA
Gula
DNA
Ribosa Deoksiribosa
Basa Nitrogen A, G, C, U A, G, C, T
Untaian pita Tunggal Ganda
vs
![Page 72: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Kalau RNA, molekulnya hanya
berupa untaian rantai tunggal
![Page 73: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Kalau DNA, molekulnya
berupa untaian rantai ganda
![Page 74: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Kalau DNA, molekulnya
berupa untaian rantai ganda
![Page 75: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Agar tidak terlihat rumit,
mari kita sederhanakan ilustrasinya
![Page 76: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Seperti inilah
ilustrasi molekul DNA
![Page 78: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Seperti inilah
ilustrasi molekul DNA
berupa untaian
rantai ganda
![Page 79: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Seperti inilah
ilustrasi molekul DNA
berupa untaian
rantai ganda
![Page 80: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Basa nitrogennya saling
melekat dan berpasangan
![Page 81: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
G berpasangan dengan C
A berpasangan dengan T
![Page 82: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
A
G
C
T
C
![Page 83: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
A
G
C
T
C
T
C
G
A
G
![Page 84: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
A
G
C
T
C
T
C
G
A
G
![Page 85: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
![Page 86: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Kita review dulu, komponen
molekul DNA ini
![Page 87: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Gula
![Page 88: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Fosfat
![Page 89: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Basa Nitrogen
![Page 90: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Pada kenyataannya, molekul DNA tidak
berbentuk lurus seperti tangga
![Page 91: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Pada kenyataannya, molekul DNA tidak
berbentuk lurus seperti tangga
… namun berpilin dan
membentuk spiral, seperti ini
![Page 92: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
![Page 93: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
![Page 94: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Seperti inilah
bentuk molekul DNA
![Page 95: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Seperti inilah
bentuk molekul DNA
berupa untaian
rantai ganda
![Page 96: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Seperti inilah
bentuk molekul DNA
berupa untaian
rantai ganda
biasanya disebut
“Double Helix”
![Page 97: Asam nukleat](https://reader033.vdokumen.com/reader033/viewer/2022060118/558976a9d8b42a956d8b46fa/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Finish