BIOFUEL SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI MASA DEPAN
Seminar “Geothermal dan Biofuel sebagaiSumber Energi Masa Depan, Terbarukan, danRamah Lingkungan”
IMAM PARYANTOBalai Rekayasa Disain dan Sistem Teknologi(Engineering Center – BPPT)
Alamat :BRDST Gedung 480 Kawasam PUSPIPTEK Serpong
BPPT Gedung 1 Lantai 6, JL. M.H. Thamrin No 8Jakarta 10340, IndonesiaTelp. : 62-21-3915536/37, Fax. : 62-21-3915535Email address: [email protected]
1. PENDAHULUAN
Problem BBM Problem BBM dandan LingkunganLingkungan
S K E M A M O D E L P E N G U S A H A A N P A N A S B U M IS K E M A M O D E L P E N G U S A H A A N P A N A S B U M I
63% kebutuhan energy tergantung dari minyak bumiCadangan energi fosil terbatas40% konsumsi minyak diesel dipenuhi dari imporKenaikan harga minyak mentah dunia
KebijakanPemerintah yang Mendukung
MemproduksiMemproduksi BiofuelBiofuel daridari sumbersumberminyakminyak hayatihayati merupakanmerupakan salahsalahsatusatu solusisolusi permasalahanpermasalahan didi atasatas
daridari sisisisi Supply, Supply, PerbaikanPerbaikankualitaskualitas udaraudara dandan penciptaanpenciptaan
ekonomiekonomi kerakyatankerakyatan
Pencemaran udara telah mencapai tingkat yang mengkhawatirkan
Adanya standar emisi internasional (Euro)
Memiliki sumber hayatisebagai bahan baku BBN yang berlimpah
Data-data Litbang
Modifikasi mesinMemperbaiki kualitas bahan bakar
147130 billion ton19,3 billion ton57 billion tonCOAL
623.0 TSCF188 TSCF384.7 TSCFGas
18500 million barel9 billion barel86,9 billion barelOIL
RASIO CAD/PROD(TAHUN)
(tanpa ekslorasi)PRODUKSI(per tahun)
CADANGAN (PROVEN + POSSIBLE)
SUMBERENERGI FOSIL
3 GW u/ 11 tahun24.112 Ton*Uranium (Nuclear)
8,00 MW4,80 kWh/m2/hariSolar Power
302,40 MW49,81 GWBiomass
4.200,00 MW6.851,00 GWh75,67 GW845,00 juta BOEHydro Power
800,00 MW2.593,50 GWh27,00 GW219,00 juta BOEGeothermal
84,00 MW458,75 MW458,75 MWMini/Micro hydro
KAPASITAS TERPASANGPEMANFAATANSETARASUMBERENERGI NON-FOSIL
0,50 MW9,29 GWWind Power
* Only in Kalan – Kalbar area Sumber : Blue Print Pengelolaan Energi Nasional, ESDM
POTENSI ENERGI NASIONAL (2004)
KONSUMSI BAHAN BAKAR 2007(Data Pertamina)
VOLUMEKilo Liter
I. Subsidized Fuel 38,665,3971 Gasoline (premium) 17,929,8432 Kerosene 9,851,8143 HSD (ADO) 10,883,740
II. Non-subsidized Fuel 23,640,4001 Gasoline (Premium) 249,4482 Kerosene 46,674
3 ADO 14,649,1514 MDF (IDO) 269,4665 MFO 5,136,4086 Avgas 2,1637 Avtur 2,520,0408 Gasoline RON 91 482,2409 Gasoline RON 95 158,070
10 ADO CN 51 126,740
TOTAL 62,305,797
FUEL Estimasi Kebutuhan Biodiesel 2009 (Permen ESDM 32/2008)
Source: APROBI, 2008
BIOFUEL ?BIOFUEL ?• Biofuel = bahan bakar nabati• Merupakan bahan bakar alternatif
bagi bahan bakar fossil, yang diproduksi dari bahan baku yang bersumber dari tanaman
• Merupakan bahan bakar yang ramahlingkungan dan terbarukan
• Yaitu : • biodiesel (alternatif untuk minyak
diesel/solar), • biethanol (alternatif untuk
premium/bensin), • bio-oil atau pure plant oil - PPO (alternatif
minyak bakar)
BIOFUEL FOR FUEL SUBSTITUTION (2010)
FUEL
TRANSPORTATION (31,7 Million kL)
ELECTRICITY (7,6 Million kL)
KEROSENE (10 Million kL)
PREMIUM (18,529Million kL)
ADO/”SOLAR” (12,4 Million kL)
BIOETANOL BIODIESEL BIO OIL
3,8 Million kL 1 Million kL
CASSAVA11 Million tons
MOLASSES600 Million tons
PALM OIL30,2 Million tons
JATROPHA OIL3,84 MIllion tons
RAW MATERIAL
1,24 Million kL4,8 Million kL
1,85 Million kL
Oil54.4%
Gas26.5%
Others0.2%
Geo thermal
1.4%
Hydro3.4%
Coal14.1%
National Energy MIX
Gas30%
Coal33%
Oil20%
Biofuel5% Geo
thermal5%
Others7%
NuclearBiomassHydroSolarWindLiq. Coal
#Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006
Energy MIX 2003
Targeted Energy MIX 2025#
Biofuel will have minimum 5% share of total National Energy
MIX 2025
KEBIJAKAN TENTANG BIOFUEL
• 25 Januari 2006, Peraturan Pemerintah (No.5 / 2006) tentang Kebijakan Energi Nasional (No. 5/ 2006)
• 25 Januari 2006, Instruksi Presiden (No.1 /2006) tentang Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Biofuel sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain
• 22 Februari 2006, Keputusan Kepala BSN (No. 73/KEP/BSN/2/2006) tentang Penetapan SNI Biodiesel SNI 04-7182-2006
• 17 Maret 2006, Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang Kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51
Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) & Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006
• 20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU di JakartaPenjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar
• 26 September 2008, Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008 tentang Penyediaan, Pemanfaatan dan Tata niaga Bahan Bakar Nabati (Biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain
• 23 October 2009, Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009 tentang Perubahan atas PerpresNo. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan bakar minyaktertentu
Untuk mencapai target ENERGY MIX 2025, dalam Peraturan Presiden No. 5/2006 telah ditetapkan serangkaian kebijakan utama dan pendukung sebagai berikut:
Kebijakan Utama, meliputi1. Penyediaan energi melalui:
- Penjaminan ketersediaan pasokan energi dalam negeri- Pengoptimalan produksi energi- Pelaksanaan konservasi energi
2. Pemanfaatan energi melalui:- Efisiensi pemanfaatan energi- Diversifikasi energi
3. Penetapan kebijakan harga energi ke arah harga keekonomian, dengan tetap mempertimbangkan kemampuan usaha kecil dan bantuan bagi masyarakat tidak mampu dalam jangka waktu tertentu.
4. Pelestarian lingkungan dengan menerapkan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan
Kebijakan Pendukung meliputi:1.Pengembangan infrastruktur energi termasuk peningkatan akses konsumen terhadap energi2.Kemitraan pemerintah dan dunia usaha3.Pemberdayaan masyarakat4.Pengembangan penelitian dan pengembangan serta pendidikan dan pelatihan
Selain itu pemerintah juga dapat memberikan kemudahan dan insentif kepada pelaksana konservasi energi dan pengembang sumber energi alternatif tertentu.
Dengan demikian, Perpres No. 5/2006 menjadi dasar pola pengembangan energi nasional untuk mengamankan pasokan energi dalam negeri
PERATURAN PRESIDEN NO.5/2006
INPRES NO.1 Tahun 2006 : Percepatan “Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Bahan BakarNabati (Biofuel) Sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain”
Menginstruksikan dan memberi tugas yang spesifik sesuai dengan tupoksi-nyakepada :
1. Menko Perekonomian 2. Menteri ESDM 3. Menteri Pertanian 4. Menteri Kehutanan 5. Menteri Perindustrian 6. Menteri Perdagangan 7. Menteri Perhubungan 8. Meneg Ristek 9. Meneg Koperasi 10. Meneg BUMN
11. Menteri Dalam Negeri 12. Menteri Keuangan 13. Menteri LH 14. Gubernur 15. Bupati dan Walikota
Menteri Negara Riset dan Teknologi :
Mengembangkan teknologi, memberi saran aplikasi pemanfaatan teknologipenyediaan dan pengolahan, distribusi bahan baku serta pemanfaatan bahan bakarnabati (biofuel) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain.
FASE MANDATORY PEMANFAATAN BIODIESEL FASE MANDATORY PEMANFAATAN BIODIESEL Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 32/2008
10 %
10 %
7 %
5 %
-
January2015**
20 %10 %3 %1 %TransportationNon PSO
* From totaldemand20 %10 %2,5 %1 %1 %
(existing)
Transportation PSO
20 %
20 %
-
January2025**
15 %
15 %
-
January2020**
Power Plant
Industry and commercial
Household
Sector
1 %
5 %
-
January2010
* From totaldemand0,25 %0,1 %
* From totaldemand2,5 %2,5 %
-
October -Desember
2008remarkJanuary
2009
- - Not regulated
** Based on specification and domestic need
Peraturan Presiden RI No. 45/2009tentang Perubahan atas Perpres No. 71/2005 Tentang Penyediaan dan Pendistribusian Jenis Bahan
bakar minyak tertentu
• Jenis Bahan Bakar Minyak Tertentu yang selanjutnya disebut JenisBBM Tertentu adalah bahan bakar yang berasal dan/atau diolah dariMinyak Bumi dan/atau bahan bakar yang; berasal dan/atau diolah dariMinyak Bumi yang telah dicampurkan dengan Bahan Bakar NabatiiBiotucl) sebagai Bahan Bakar Lain dengan jenis, standar dan mutu(spesifikasi), harga, volume) dan konsumen tertentu.
• Dalam rangka penyediaan dan pendistribusian jenis HEM Tertentu, Badan Usaha yang mendapatkan penugasan pcnyediaaan danpendistribusian jenis BBM Tertentu wajib mencampurkan BBN yang dilaksanakan sccara bertahap sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturanperundang-undangan.
• Badan Usaha dalam melakukan pencampuran BBN sebagaimanadimaksud pada ayat (1) wajib memanfaatkan dan mengutamakanproduksi BBN dalam negeri.
2. CASE : BIODIESEL
BIODIESELBIODIESEL ??
• Bahan bakar alternatif minyakdiesel/solar yang ramah lingkungan
• Digunakan untuk mesin diesel• Secara kimia merupakan methyl
ester yang terbuat dari minyak ataulemak nabati yang direaksikandengan methanol
• Produk yang sudah ada di pasaran : BIOSOLAR dari Pertamina, merupakan campuran Biodiesel 2.5 % dan Solar 97.5 % (B2.5)
Roadmap Teknologi Biodiesel (sesuai Perpres No. 5 tahun 2006)
Market
Product
Technology
R&D
Biodiesel Sawit
& Jarak Pagar
Biodiesel Sawit,Jarak Pagar, Tumbuhan lain.
Etanol dari (ekses) gliserin
High/superior performanceBiodiesel
(angka setan tinggi,titik tuang rendah)
Pemanfaatan Biodiesel
Sebesar 3%Konsumsi Solar
1.5 juta kL
Test Property,
Performance
Danstandarisa
si
Year 2005 - 2009 2010 -2015 2016 - 2025
Biodieseldari minyak
sawit,jarak pagar
&tumbuhan
lain
Pemanfaatan Biodiesel
Sebesar 5%Konsumsi Solar
4.7 juta kL
Commercial PlantKapasitas >
100.000 Ton/tahun
“High PerformanceBiodiesel Product
Commercial Plant”
PlantDesain
Enjiniring
Teknologi Pembuatan
aditif
STANDARD BIODIESEL NASIONAL
TeknologiBlending,
(bio-) teknologi
(ekses)gliserin
Optimasi&
ModifikasiDesain plant
Test Property, Performance
&standarisasi
Pemanfaatan Biodiesel
Sebesar 2%Konsumsi Solar
720.000 kL
Commercial PlantKapasitas 30.000 s/d100.000 Ton/tahun
Sumber : ESDM, 2005
No Parameter Satuan Nilai1 Massa jenis pada 40 °C, kg/m3 850 – 8902 Viskositas kinematik pd 40 °C, mm2/s (cSt) 2,3 – 6,03 Angka setana min. 514 Titik nyala (mangkok tertutup), °C min. 1005 Titik kabut,°C maks. 186 Korosi lempeng tembaga (3 jam pada 50 °C) maks. no 37 Residu karbon %-massa- dalam contoh asli, atau maks 0,05- dalam 10 % ampas distilasi maks. 0,30
8 Air dan sedimen, %-vol. maks. 0,05*9 Temperatur distilasi 90 %, °C maks. 36010 Abu tersulfatkan, %-massa maks.0,0211Belerang, ppm-m (mg/kg) maks. 10012 Fosfor, ppm-m (mg/kg) maks. 1013 Angka asam, mg-KOH/g maks.0,814 Gliserol bebas, %-massa maks. 0,0215 Gliserol total, %-massa maks. 0,2416 Kadar ester alkil, %-massa min. 96,517 Angka iodium %-massa (g-I2/100 g) maks. 11518 Uji Halphen Negatif
* Catatan : dapat diuji terpisah dengan ketentuan kandungan sedimen maksimum 0.01 %-vol
Syarat mutu biodiesel ester alkil
SNI 04-7182-2006
KEBIJAKAN TENTANG PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL
PENCAMPURAN BIODIESEL KE SOLAR
Peraturan Dirjen MIGAS DESDM no.3675/K/24/DJM/2006 tentang kualitas dan spesifikasi minyak solar tipe SOLAR 48 dan SOLAR 51
Biodiesel diijinkan dicampur dengan minyak solar s/d 10% (B10) &
Biodiesel harus memenuhi SNI 04-7182-2006
BIOSOLAR PERTAMINA
Target PERTAMINA secara bertahap mensubstitusi solar dengan biodiesel,khususnya sektor transportasi
20 Mei 2006 : PERTAMINA meluncurkan BIOSOLAR (B5) di 4 SPBU diJakarta
Penjualan BIOSOLAR dikembangkan ke SPBU lain di kota-kota besar
BIOFUEL SELLING PROGRESS(Source: Pertamina)
MalangBio Premium : 1 SPBU Volume ± 310 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 4 SPBUVolume ± 55 KL / bln
Jakarta & sekitarnyaBio Solar : 205 SPBUVolume ± 4.300 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 20 SPBUVolume ± 1.100 KL / bln
SurabayaBio Solar : 12 SPBUVolume ± 1.600 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 5 SPBUVolume ± 296 KL / bln
Denpasar Bio Solar : 11 SPBUVolume ± 2.100 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 11 SPBUVolume ± 200 KL / bln
Total keseluruhan:Bio Solar : 228 SPBU Vol : ± 46.700 KL/blnBio Premium : 1 SPBU Vol : ± 310 KL / bln
Bio Pertamax : 40 SPBU Vol : ± 1.651 KL / bln
KEUNTUNGAN BIODIESEL
Sumber energi yang terbarukan (non fossil)Ramah lingkungan :
Free sulfur Emisi rendah (COx, Particulate Matter, HC)
Cetane number tinggi (BDF : > 51 , Solar = 48)Efek pelumasanTidak memerlukan modifikasi mesinDapat menggunakan infrastruktur distribusi yang ada (pom bensin)Dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar langsung maupun campuran (B-XX)
-- 48 %48 %-- 12 %12 %PartikulatPartikulat (SPM)(SPM)
-- 67 %67 %-- 20 %20 %HidrokarbonHidrokarbon (HC)(HC)
-- 47 %47 %-- 12 %12 %KarbonKarbon monoksidamonoksida(CO)(CO)
B100B100B20B20EmisiEmisi
Note : Penurunan dibandingkan emisi solar
Tinggal tuang…
CHALLENGES
1. Increasing variety in feedstock availability
2. Increasing efficiency in process technology
3. Improvement parameters for Biofuel quality
4. Accelerating production development
5. Broad variety in different marketing strategy
6. Challenges for further engine warranties
7. Solid legal framework in pushing the markets
8. Broadening information basis and easier access
3. BIODIESEL PLANT TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
State of the Art of Biodiesel Production
Catalytic
Non-Catalytic
Acid Catalyst(Esterification)
Alkaline Catalyst(Transesterification)
Low Pressure, High Temperature(Bubble Column Reactor)
High Pressure, High Temperature(Supercritical methanol)
Biocatalyst
• Low Pressure• Low Temperature
Technology and Plant Capacity Selection, depend on:
• Plant location• Availability and characteristic of raw
material• Local fuel demand• Human resources level• Local industries capability
Local content
• Big country with more than 17.000 islands• Different type of soil Special region with special plant oil, for example :
• Sumatera suitable for CPO• Nusa Tenggara suitable for Jatropha• Maluku coconut oil
• Every region need Fuels• The geography makes the fuel distribution in Indonesia is highly site
specific
SITE SPECIFIC
Security supply for every region
ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL
NP40 – 73Inti bijiCallophyllum inophyllumNyamplung
P50 – 57Inti bijiMadhuca mottleyanaKetiau
NP45 – 55Inti bijiSterculia foetidaKepoh
NP≈ 35BijiSamadera indicaGatep pait
P≈ 65BijiHodgsonia macrocarpaAkar kepayang
P14 – 28Inti bijiAdenanthera pavoninaSaga utan
NP40 – 50Daging bijiAzadirachta indicaNimba
NP55 – 70Daging bijiSleichera trijugaKusambi
P30 – 49BijiMoringa oleiferaKelor
P15 – 20BijiPsophocarpus tetrag.Kecipir
P60 – 70Daging buahCocos nuciferaKelapa
NP24 – 40BijiCeiba pentandraKapok/randu
P45-70 + 46-54Sabut + dg buahElais guineensisSawit
NP40 – 60Inti bijiJatropha curcasJarak pagar
P / NPContent, %-b krOil SourceLatin nameName
Note : kr ≡ dry; P ≡ edible fat/oil, NP ≡ nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)
ABUNDANT (BIODIESEL) RAW MATERIAL
NP15 – 20BijiAnnona squamosaSrikaya
NP20 – 30Inti bijiAnnona muricataSirsak
NP35 – 50BijiMesua ferreaNagasari (gede)
NP?Inti bijiAleurites trispermaKemiri cina
NP?BijiHernandia peltataKampis
NP50 – 60Inti bijiCroton tigliumCerakin/Kroton
NP?BijiGmelina asiaticaBulangan
NP43 – 64BijiCerbera manghas/odollamBintaro
NP49 – 61Inti bijiXimenia AmericanaBidaro
P45 – 70Inti bijiIsoptera borneensisTengkawang. Terindak
P35 – 40BijiXanthophyllum lanceatumSiur (-siur)
P50 – 57Inti bijiMadhuca utilisSeminai
NP18 – 26BijiBombax malabaricumRandu alas
P / NPContent, %-b krOil SourceLatin nameName
Note : kr ≡ dry; P ≡ edible fat/oil, NP ≡ nonedible fat/oil. (Source, Soerawidjaja, 2005)
(CURRENTLY USED) BIODIESEL RAW MATERIAL IN INDONESIA
1.5 million ha in 2010, 5 ton seed/ha/yr, 25% rendement
1.875.000Jatropha Curcas6.
5% cooking oil 200.000Palm Fatty Acid Distilate (PFAD)5.
0.6% CPO standard108.000Off grade CPO (CPO pond)4.
18.000.000Standard CPO3.
0.5 % cooking oil20.000Used Cooking Oil2.
4.000.000 Refine Bleach Deodorized Palm Olein (PFAD)/cooking oil1.
RemarkEst. Quantity (Ton/yr)
OilNo
Palm
JatrophaCurcas L
CPO Pond
• Production Scale (MITTELBACH, 2004) :• Batch : 500 – 10.000 Ton/year• Continuous : ≥ 30.000 Ton/year
LowHighLocal content
LowhighRisk of product quality stability
LowHighManpower and product ratio
SophisticateSimpleI & C
ComplexSimpleTechnology/Plant operation
LowHighCost production
HighLowCost investment
FixFlexibleRaw material flexibility
Large continuousSmall batchParameter
COMPARISON OF SMALL BATCH AND BIG CONTINUOUS BIODIESEL PLANT
• CATALYTIC PROCESS (Low Pressure, Low Temperature) using Alkaline and Acid Catalyst
• Basic Consideration :• Various grade of oil as the raw materials (batch process)• Plant location distribution• Availability raw material and fuel demand site specific• Easier to be handled by operator on minimum requirement
skill • Can be constructed in small up to medium capacity (< 15
ton/day)• High domestic local content
BIODIESEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY IN INDONESIA :
Existing installed capacity and technology status
Local2.0001.200Java, Sumatera, Kalimantan, NTTDepartment of Industry21
Local2.000South KalimantanKotabaru-Ristek-BPPT20
Local2.000South SumateraOKUT-Ristek-BPPT19
Local500500JakartaRAP PT.18
Local3.0003.000KamparPemda Riau-BPPT17
Local300300MedanPPKS16
Local500500RNI PT.15
Local500500BandungITB14
Local1.500300SerpongBPPT 13
Local2.5002.500JakartaLemigas12
14.8008.800Institution and others
Lurgy1.000.000700.000DumaiWilmar Group11
Modification from Existing Chem. plant200.000100.000Bekasi & LampungSumi Asih PT.10
200.000200.000DuriPermata Hijau Group9
350.00050.000MedanMusim Mas Group8
10.0005.000BekasiMultikimia Intipelangi PT.7
NextGen160.00060.000MerakIndo Biofuels Energy PT.6
Local10.0003.000MedanGanesha Energy Group5
150.000150.000BekasiDarmex Biofuel PT.4
Modification from Existing Chem. plant240.000120.000Gresik & CikupaEterindo Wahanatama Tbk3
Local1.000300JakartaEnergi Alternatif Indonesia PT2
Ballestra200.000200.000DumaiAsian Agri Tbk1
2.521.0001.588.300APROBI list
20092008Technology
Capacity (MT/yr)LocationInstitution/companyNo
Source: Data from APROBI and Timnas BBM
4. BIODIESEL DEVELOPMENT IN BRDST – BPPT
BRDST (Engineering Center) - BPPT• Balai Rekayasa Disain dan
Sistem Teknologi (Engineering Center - BPPT)
• Main Task and Function: To conduct development, services, and socialization on engineering design and system technology
• Main activities :• Research on Energy Field• Process Design & Development• Design & Engineering• Promotion, Advocating, Socialization
BPPTKa. BPPT
TIEMTABTPSAPKT TIRBR SEKR. UTAMA
AUDITEK
SISTEM INOVASI DAERAH
DIFUSI INOVASI
BUDAYA & DAYA
DUKUNG INOVASI
TEK. PENGEM SD MINERAL
TEK. LINGKUNGAN
TEK. PENGEM SD LAHAN & WILAYAH
TEK. INVENTRS SDA
TEK. MEDIKA & FARMASI
TEK. BIO INDUSTRI
TEK. PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERTANIAN
TEKNOLOGI BUDAYA PERTANIAN
TEK. KONVERSI & KONSERVASI ENERGI
TEK. SD ENERGI
TEK. MATERIAL KOMPOSIT & POLIMER
TEK. INFORMASI & KOMUNIKASI
TEK. INDUSTRI HANKAM
SISTEM TRANSPORTASI
TEKNOLOGI MANUFAKTUR & OTOMASI
TEK. IND. PROSES
PUSDATIN
RO-UMUM
RO-KEU
RO-REN
RO-SDMO
PUSBINDIKLAT
INSPEK TORAT
BPPT ENGINEERING
BALAI INKUBATOR UPT MOD. CUACA
BALAI TEKNOLOGI SURVEI
BALAI TEK. LINGKUNGAN
BALAI BESAR TEKNOLOGI PATI
BALAI BIOTEK
B2TE
BRDSTBALAI TEKNOLOGI
POLIMER
BALAI IPTEKNET
BALAI KERAMIK
B2TKS
UPT LAGG
BPPH
BPDP
BALAI MEPPO
BTMP
ORGANIZATION HISTORY
P2R2B - BPIS
1993
PRRB - BPPT
1995
EC - BPPT
2001 – Now PLTGU Belawan 400 MW
PLTU Paiton II 600 MW
PLTGU Muara Tawar 400 MW
Revitalisasi Sistem CatudayaSentel Gambir .
PLTN AP600 Westinghouse 600 MW
PLTN Candu Canada 800 MW
PLTD Kalimantan 7 x 1MW
Bontang NGLfor Steel structure Eng.
FEED LNG Tangguh Project – Bechtel Corp
Biodiesel plant 8 ton/hari, Riau
Revitalisasi Jaringan Listrik Jawatimur - Bali
PLTN AP1000 Westinghouse 1000 MW
Cogeneration Project Arun NGL 15 MW
PIM2 Utility and Amonia Plant
POWER PLANT AND PROCESS INDUSTRIES
ENERGI
1998
POWER PLANT, PROCESS INDUSTRY, CHEMICAL INDUSTRY, OIL & GAS INDUSTRY AND AGROINDUSTRY
R&D Lab Scale Prototype Pilot/Demo Plant commercial
R&D Coordination Technical services
Organizational StructureHead
EC – BPPT
ManagerGeneral Affair
ManagerCooperation and
Technical ServicesTechnical Group Manager
Technical development
Electrical and I&C
Civil structure & architecture
Process design and mechanical equipment
Piping
Laboratory team
FACILITIES• Chemical Laboratory• Pilot Plant Biodiesel• Engineering Room• Workshop• Software
• Plant Design System• Isogen• Pro II• X-Steel• Staad Pro• Microstation• Cesar• APV• Simplicity HMI Scada• Etc.
RECENT & FUTURE ACTIVITIES
• Biodiesel commercial plant• Integrated CPO mill and Biodiesel plant• Glycerol Plant for other product• Biomass Power Plant from Palm Oil Residue • Bio-ethanol Plant, detail engineering• Grid Operation Supporting System for small scale and remote power plant• Steam Power Plant, 2 x 7 MW Sangatta, detail engineering• Nuclear Power Plant, AP600/1000 MW, Westinghouse USA, Detail
Engineering • Biodiesel Analysis• Etc.
Refining and Processing Technology(Engineering Center – BPPT)
Lab scale biodiesel production (400 L)
Engineering design and fabrication of 1.5 ton/day capacity biodiesel plant (Modularised, skid mounted and movable)
EPC of Biodiesel Pilot, Capacity of 8 ton/hari
EPC of Biodiesel Pilot Plant lCapacity of 3 ton/day
Basic Design and Engineering of BiodieselPlant Cap. 30.000 ton/year
Source : Lurgi
2001 2002
2004
2003
2006
QUALITY PRODUCT TESTING(Engineering Center – BPPT)
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
TEST
SOCIALIZATION
PERFORMANCE TEST
ROAD TEST
PRODUCTION AND PROCESS OPTIMATION
PRODUK MEET NATIONAL STANDARD
Variation of raw material:CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5-20%)Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)PFAD, CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPSUsed Cooking OilJatropha Oil
COMMERCIAL
2002
2005
2005
2006
2001
Preparation
Washing
Recovery
Purification
Plant Plant OilOil
Methanol
Catalyst
Methanol
Product
Drying
Glycerol By Product
Trans-esterification
BIODIESEL
Biodiesel from any feed stock : CPO standard (FFA < 5 %)CPO off grade (FFA 5-20 %)Waste CPO (FFA 20-70 %)PFAD and CFAD (FFA > 70 %)RBDPORBDPSJatropha Curcas oil (Laboratory
Scale)
EC - BPPT’S CURRENT BIODIESEL PROCESSINGCONCEPTUAL DESIGN
• From Laboratory works and calculation
• Product : • Process Flow diagram• Mass & Heat balance
BASIC DESIGN• From calculation,
simulation, design, and engineering
• From operation data (bench or pilot scale)
• Product• General Piping &
Instrumentation Diagram• Equipment Sizing • General Arrangement
DETAIL DESIGN• From calculation, simulation,
design, engineering• Product :
• Piping & Instrumentation Diagram • Piping Layout • Civil & Structure • Stress Analysis • Instrumentation & Control • Electrical & Raceway
CONSTRUCTION
1 ton/day, 2003
1 ton/day, 2006
3 ton/day, 2006
CONSTRUCTION
6 ton/day, 2007
10 ton/day, 2004
8 ton/day, 2006
5. PROSPECT AND CHALLENGESPerkembangan Harga Biofuel Tahun 2006 - 2008
ETHANOL
FAME
MOPS HSD
MOPS GASOLINE
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
waktu
Har
ga (U
Sce
nt/L
tr)
ETHANOL 55.26 54.96 54.70 55.01 55.30 55.43 55.42 54.84 55.24 56.82 55.94 55.42 53.65 53.98 55.18 54.24 53.84 53.42 54.73 54.73 54.73 54.73
FAME 52.57 52.06 55.07 58.57 57.16 54.70 53.91 56.96 61.63 60.40 60.87 65.18 69.32 76.07 77.59 75.11 77.19 84.98 83.53 82.91 85.79 91.20 104.31 95.28 99.88
MOPS HSD 52.94 54.01 54.26 54.27 47.70 44.76 44.02 43.87 41.56 44.41 46.25 50.47 51.34 51.51 53.93 52.20 57.05 59.80 67.93 67.21 66.48 69.94 79.39 87.00 99.76
MOPS GASOLINE 49.82 52.70 44.39 39.07 38.06 37.33 40.69 46.75 51.19 54.45 51.88 52.22 47.07 50.35 54.14 59.97 60.10 61.63 64.45 67.60 72.48 80.50
MEI JUNI JULI AGUST SEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUAFEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI JUNI JULI AGUSTSEPTEMOKTOBNOVEMDESEM JANUA FEBRUAMARETAPRIL MEI
2006 2007 2008
Current Problem1. Biodiesel still classified as a non- subsidized fuel.
2. FAME price is tend to increase and passing the MOPS price.
3. Biofuel mandatory has been issued by the government. The following biodiesel related questions are often asked by industries:- Price (raw material, cost production)- Quality product guarantee- OEM (Owner Equipment Manufacture)
guarantee- Quick property test (B100
and BXX)- Effect to engine safety/life,
performance and emission- Effect to fuel consumption- Application of biodiesel on
generator, gas turbine and boiler
- How to handling (blending,transportation, storage)
- Stability (oxidation)
CHALLENGES• How to prepare national biodiesel industry to meet the target of
National Biodiesel Roadmap• Implication: All Indonesian biodiesel stakeholders should develop a
commercial biodiesel plant that has consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in production
• Developing alternative raw materials other than CPO (non edible,cheaper). Ex. Jathropa Curcas has great potential to be developed• Implication: further studies are needed to evaluate its feasibility
including land availability, various aspects in the plantation, oil extraction and financial incentives for farmers.
• Developing new process and product from glycerine as a by product6. FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS
FUTURE RESEARCH TOPICS
Characterization of Indonesian indigenous biodiesel raw materials to meet the standardized biodiesel product.
Stability test for biodiesel (methyl esters) made of Indonesian Indigenous raw materials
High performance reactor (consistent product quality, reliable and cost effective in production (Lower methanol loss and Lower usage of catalyst)
Glycerol processing to produce more valuable product
Material compatibility test for engine component using biodiesel blend (BXX) up to B100
Testing of biodiesel on industrial engine/equipment (generator, gas turbine, boiler)
Integration of Biodiesel Plant, Oil Mill, Biomass Power plant, Methanol plant
PALM OIL MILL BIODIESEL PLANT
TBS CPO
GLYCERINEPURIFICATION
BIOGAS PLANT
METHANOL PLANT
BIOMASSGASIFICATION
APRPROCESS
CATALYST RECOVERY
BIOMASS
High Quality Biodiesel Product
INTEGRATED BIODIESEL PLANT
PLANTATION
Empty Bunch
Shell
Biomass (boiler) Power Plant
Biogas Plant
integrated, reliable, and low in production cost and has consistent quality of product
Other purposesCPO Production Process
POMETreatment
Effluent discharge for land application
Plantation
FFB Fiber
Biodiesel Plant
EFB
Shell
CPO Sludge Power Plant(Biomass
Combustion)
Excess Shell
ROR
Biodiesel Product
Biomass Power plant
Electricity
Steam
Organic Diesel Plant
EFB from others POM
Electricity purchase from PLN Grid
Gasification Systems
Rural Electricity
FuelOnsite(Steam & Electricity)
Methane from POME
Palm Oil Mill
EFB to Biomass PPEFB to Plantation (30%)
360,000 T/Y
2 x 45 t/h
79,000 t/y
Remnant oil 792 t/y
28,800 t/y
23,500 /y
19,000 t/y
1,400 t/y
Proposed Waste Management
Source : TA DGEEU – ADB, 2006
Thank You….