dasar teknik elektro 1

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Dasar Teknik Elektro

EL.112 (3 sks)

Enjang A.Juanda/ Lukmanul Hakim


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Silabus Mata Kuliah

Secara garis besar disajikan:

1. Pengantar Teknik Elektro.

2. Dasar-dasar rangkaian listrik.

3. Respon rangkaian bolak-balik pada

kondisi steady state.4. Pengantar system.

5. Dasar elektronika.

6. Dasar komponen elektronika

semikonduktor.7. Pengantar analisa jaringan.

8. Dasar elektronika digital &

mikroprosesor.

9. Penguat OP-Amp.


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Tujuan

Setelah selesai mengikuti mata kuliah inim a h a s i s w a d i h a r a p k a n m a m p u

menjelaskan dasar teknik elektro dan

sedapat mungkin mempraktekkan bagian-

bagian yang praktisnya tentang dasar

t e k n i k e l e k t r o .

Evaluasi

- Kehadiran

- Tugas Presentasi dan diskusi

- Makalah

- UTS

- UAS


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Rincian BahanI). Membahas silabus perkuliahan dan mengakomodasikan

berbagai masukan dari mahasiswa untuk memberi kemungkinan

revisi terhadap pokok bahasan yang dianggap tidak penting danmemasukkan pokok bahasan yang dianggap penting. Sesuai

dengan apa yang dikemukakan dalam silabus, pada pertemuan

ini dikemukakan pula tujuan, ruang lingkup, prosedur

perkuliahan, penjelasan tentang tugas yang harus dilakukan

mahasiswa, ujian yang harus diikuti termasuk jenis soal dan cara

menyelesaikan/ menjawab pertanyaan, dan sumber-sumber.

Terakhir, menyampaikan uraian pendahuluan tentang

DasarTeknik Elektro/ Pengantar Teknik Elektro.

II). Pengertian dan definisi-definisi yang terkait dengan dasar

teknik elektro.

III). Rangkaian-rangkaian listrik dasar: DC dan sistem DC.IV). Rangkaian-rangkaian listrik dasar: AC dan sistem AC.

V). Pengertian sistem, piranti, komponen dan kaitan satu sama

lain dalam teknik elektro.

VI). Dasar elektronika

VII). Dasar semikonduktor dan komponen semikonduktorVIII). UTS.


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Lanjutan Rincian

IX). Pengenalan pesawat-pesawat elektronikaX). Pengantar analisa jaringan

XI). Dasar-dasar teknik dijital

XII). Komponen-komponen dijital dan dasar-dasar analisis

rangkaian dijitalXIII). Dasar-dasar rangkaian dijital

XIV). Sejarah dan dasar teknik mikroprosesor

XV). Dasar teknik mikroprosesor dan pemrogramannya

XVI). Dasar penguat Op-Amp

XVII). UAS


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Daftar Pustaka

Sumber Utama:Ralph J.Smith & Richard C.Dorf:

Circui ts , Devices, and Sys tems,

John Wiley & Sons,1995.

J.R.Cogdell: Foundation o f

Electr ic al Engineering, PrenticeHall,1995.

David E.Johnson, Johny

R.Johnson, John L.Hilburn :

Electr ic Circu i t Analysis, PrenticeHall.


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Referensi/PengayaanReferensi:

1. P.H. Smale, , Telecommunicat ion System I, Pitman Publishing

Limited, London, 1978.

2. R.Margunadi, Pengantar Umum Elektroteknik, P.T.Dian Rakyat,Jakarta, 1986.

3. Allen, Mottershead, Electronic Devices and Circuits , an introdu ct ion,

Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi, 1976.

4. Enjang A. Juanda dan Jaja Kustija, Pengantar Elektro Teknik, JPTE-

FPTK-IKIP, Bandung, 1994.

5. A.P. Malvino, Electron ics Priciples, Mc.Graw-Hill Company, London,1985

6. Brian Moore and John Donaghy, Operat ional Am pli f ier Circuits,

Heinemann, London, 1986.

7. Archie W.Culp,Jr (Terjemahan: Ir. Darwin Sitompul M.Eng), Pr insip-

pr ins ip K onvers i Energi , Penerbit Erlangga, Jakarta, 1985.

- Jurnal

1. IEEE, Telecommunication Transactions.

- Internet

Dosen dapat dihubungi melalui:

Alamat rumah dan telpon: Jl. Suryalaya IX No.31A Bandung 40265-

T.7310350

Alamat e-mail: [email protected]


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Appersepsi


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How is Electricity Produced? Friction:static electricity from rubbing (walking across a carpet) (= Listrik

Statis, karena gesekan- akibat gosokan

misalnya jalan di atas karpet) Pressure:piezoelectricity from squeezing crystals together (quartz watch)(=

Kelistrikan Piezo- akibat tekanan misalnya kristal ditekan bersama-sama:

jam kristal)

Heat:voltage produced at junction of dissimilar metals (thermocouple) (=

Kelistrikan pemanasan- akibat dua logam yang berbeda pemuaiannya

(thermocouple) misalnya thermocouple dipanasi, persambungannyamenimbulkan tegangan.

Light:voltage produced from light striking photocell (solar power) (=

Kelistrikan karena cahaya- akibat cahaya mengenai photocell- solar cell-

misalnya solar cell dikenai cahaya matahari dihasilkan tegangan.

Chemical: voltage produced from chemical reaction (wet or dry cell battery)(Kelistrikan kimiawi- akibat reaksi kimia misalnya sel batere cair/kering.)

Magnetism: voltage produced using electromotive induction(AC or DC

generator). (= Tegangan induksi- gerakan elektro- akibat perpotongan

medan magnit oleh konduktor misalnya sepasang medan magnit terpotong

oleh konduktor. Bisa dihasilkan tenaga listrik AC atau DC,tergantung setting.


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Basic Terminology Electromotive Force (E or V)- Gaya Gerak Listrik

Force which causes electrons to move from one

location to another- Gaya yang menyebabkan

elektron-elektron bergerakdari satu lokasi ke lain

lokasi.

Known as emf, potential difference, or voltage

Unit is volt (V)

Source:

Generator

Battery

Like pump that moves water through pressure-

Seperti pompa yang menggerakkan air melalui

tekanan.


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Basic Terminology

(Peristilahan Dasar) Current (I)- Arus(Listrik)

Flow of electric charges - electrons (or holes)- through a conductor or circuit per increment

of time- Merupakan aliran elektron melaluikonduktor atau rangkaian listrik.

Unit is ampere (number of charged particlespassing a point each second)

1 amp = 1 coulomb/sec = 6x1018

electrons/sec

Like rate of flow of water through a pipe (Miriplaju aliran air melalui pipa)


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Basic Terminology

Resistance (R)

An electrical circuits opposition to the flow ofcurrent through it

Measured in ohms (W) Conductor

All materials will conduct electricity, but atvarying resistances

Good conductors have little resistance (ie:silver, copper, gold)


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Basic Terminology

Insulator

Substances which offer high resistance to

current flow (ie: wood, rubber, plastics)

Circuits made of wires covered with insulator

Power (P)

Rate at which work is performed

Measured in watts (W)


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RESUME SATUAN (1)


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RESUME SATUAN (2)


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RESUME SATUAN (3)


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CONTOH IMPLIKASI PADA

KOMPONEN/ELEMEN


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Ohms Law & Applications

Law: current of a circuit is directly

proportional to the applied voltage and

inversely proportional to circuit resistance

I a V, I a 1/R V =IR , dimana a adalahsebanding

Power P = VI P = (IR)I = I2R


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Kirchhoffs Laws

Kirchhoffs Current Law (KCL)

A node is any junction in a circuit where two or more

elements meet

Currents into a node sum to zero OR Current entering a junction is equivalent to the current

leaving a junction

(Titik dalam hal ini persambungan dalam

rangkaian,dimana dua atau lebih unsur bertemu. Aruspada titik persambungan sama dengan nol- arus yg

masuk titik persambungan = yang meninggalkannya)


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Kirchhoffs Laws

Kirchhoffs Voltage Law (KVL)

A loop is any path in a circuit that current can

take so that it meets back up to where it starts

Voltages around a CLOSED loop sum to zero

( Suatu loop adalah setiap alur dalam rangkaian

dimana arus melewatinya,sehingga kembali

ke asalnya- Tegangan pada loop tertutup,jumlahnya =0)


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Applications

Resistors in Series

RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + . . .

Resistors in Parallel

1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + . . .

Examples: should be able to find totalcurrent flow in circuit, current flow through

each resistor, voltages, power dissipated,etc.


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Questions?


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Harnessing the Power


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Power Generation

Chemical Cells

Electrodes

Electrolyte

Conductor

Wet/Dry Batteries

Magnetism


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Electromagnetic Induction

Faraday (1831): Showed that an emf is induced in a conductor if a

magnet passes by a conductor

When pole ofmagnet entered coil,current flowed in onedirection

When direction ofmagnet reversed,current flowed in

opposite direction


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Magnitude of induced current can beincreased by:

Increasing strength of magnetic field

Increasing speed of relative motion Positioning of field & conductor to increase

number of magnetic lines of flux cut

Magnetic field usually produced byelectromagnet


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Electromagnet Soft iron core wound with

coils of wire

When current present(excitation current), core

becomes magnetized Field strength determinedby number of turns andmagnitude of current:

B a NIDC


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Results in:

Generator action: generator converts

mechanical to electrical energy

Motor action: motor converts electrical tomechanical energy


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Generator Action

For emf/current (electricity): Magnetic Field

Conductor

Relative Motion b/t the two

Voltage produced: induced emf/voltage

Current produced:induced current

Left-hand rule forgenerator action


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Motor Action

For motor action (torque/motion):

Magnetic Field

Conductor

Current flow in conductor

Torqueproduced:induced torque

Right-hand rule

for motor action


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Standard Terminology

Stator: stationary housing of the generatoror motor

Rotor: rotating shaft inside the stator

Field windings: conductors used toproduce electromagnetic field

Armature windings: conductors in which

output voltage is produced (or input isprovided)


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Basic Terminology Direct Current (DC)

Current flow is unidirectional andof constant magnitude (battery)

Alternating Current (AC) Magnitude & direction of current

flow periodically change

Each sequence called a cycle

Frequency is cycles per second

(Hz)


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AC Generators

Most electrical power used is AC made by AC

generators

Basic principle: rotating magnetic field cutting

through a conductor Regardless of size, all AC generators work on same

principle

Two types:

Revolving armature (NOT used)

Revolving field (Used in SSTGs, GTGS, DG)


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AC Generators

Two types:

Revolvingarmature (NOT

used)

Revolving field

(Used in SSTGs,GTGS, DG)


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AC Generators Field windings on rotor

DC current provided for field via slip rings and brushes(vice commutator rings)

Rotor turned by prime mover creates rotating

magnetic field

Armature windings onstator

As field rotates, AC

current produced inarmature

Since stationarycontacts, no arc-over


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AC Generators

Determining speed of AC machine:

f= P(RPM)/120 RPM = 120f/P

Must maintain constant 60Hz output use speed

governor to maintain constant RPM(independent of loading)

Must also regulate voltage output

Since constant RPM, must control field excitation (DCcurrent) to control output voltage


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Three Phase (3f) AC Power

Phases: number of sets of armature

windings on stator

3f has three sets of armature windings

Voltage induced is 120o out of phase for each

Output: 3 sinusoidal voltages and currents

Allows more power to be delivered with a

smaller design generator


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Three Phase (3f) AC Power


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AC Motors

Use AC current as input to produce work

Many different types depending on number of

phases of AC input & construction

Ex: induction motor Input AC current on stator produces rotating field

Current produced in conductors on rotor produces

torque


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DC Generators

Basic Principle: rotatea conductor within amagnetic field toinduce an EMF

Field windingslocated on stator &receive current from

outside source


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DC Generators Armature windings on

rotor Commutator rings used to

mechanically reverse the

armature coil connection to

the external circuit EMF developed across the

brushes becomes a DC

voltage/current (pulsating

and unidirectional)


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DC Motors Essentially the same in

construction as DC generator Based on principle that current

carrying conductor placed at a

right angle to a magnetic field

tends to move in a directionperpendicular to magnetic lines of

flux

Only need to change relative

voltage to go between generator

motor


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AC vs DC power

Many different voltages required on board

ship

Easier to transform AC power for each

application


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Electrical Devices

Transformer

Device w/o moving parts that transfers energyfrom one circuit to another by electromagnetic

induction Consists of ferromagnetic core & sets ofwindings

Step-up: Vin Vout

Step-down: Vin Vout Only works with AC


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Electrical Devices

Rectifier Converts AC DC

Designed to have smallresistance to current

flow in one direction &large resistance inopposite direction

Typically called a diode

or rectifier

dasar teknik elektro 1

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