DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 PADA PENERAPAN SAK

DALAM MENYUSUN LAPORAN KEUANGAN

Dr. Yie Ke Feliana, S.E., M.Com., Ak., CPA, CA, CFP, CRA

Disajikan dalam acara Pendidikan Profesi Lanjutan

IKATAN AKUNTAN INDONESIA Wilayah Jatim

Surabaya, 24 September 2020

Sumber: covid19.go.id YIE KE FELIANA 2

Efek Pandemi Covid 19

•Pervasive

•Uncertainty

•Disclosure

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Imbalan

Kerja

(PSAK 24)

Dihantam Corona, Gaji Pegawai Garuda Indonesia Dipotong hingga 50 Persen (Liputan6.com, Jakarta )Pemotongan gaji pegawai Garuda Indonesia ini terhitung mulai dari bulan April 2020 sampai dengan Juni 2020 dan dilakukan secara berjenjang. Adapun besaran pemotongannya ialah sebagai berikut:- Direksi dan Komisaris sebsar 50 persen.- Vice President, Captain, First Officer dan Flight Service Manager sebesar 30 persen.- Senior Manager sebesar 25 persen.- Flight Attendant, Expert dan Manager sebesar 20 persen.- Duty Manager dan Supervisor sebesar 15 persen.- Staff (Analyst, Officer atau setara) dan Siswa sebesar 10 persen

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Penyajian LK:

Utang Jk Pendek

vs Jk Panjang

(PSAK 1)

Kontrak dg

Pelanggan

(PSAK 72)

YIE KE FELIANA 8Sumber:Keterbukaan Informasi perusahaan tercatat di BEI

Sewa

(PSAK 73)

Instrumen

Keuangan:

Liabilitas Keungan

(PSAK 71)

YIE KE FELIANA 9Sumber: Keterbukaan Informasi perusahaan tercatat di BEI

PSAK 8 Peristiwa Setelah Periode Pelaporan

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PSAK 8 Peristiwa Setelah Periode Pelaporan

Peristiwa setelah periode pelaporan dikategorikan:

1. Peristiwa Penyesuai:

• Informasi yg tersedia setelah tanggal laporan keuangan yang berhubungan dengan keadaan atau kejadian sebelum atau pada tanggal laporan keuangan.

• Informasi yg kemudian menjadi tersedia setelah tanggal laporan keuangan, namun mungkin dapat diantisipasikan sebagai skenario yg mungkin pada tanggal laporan keuangan. Mempengaruhi rentang skenario yang mungkin dan probabilitas pembobotan dalam ECL.

2. Peristiwa Non Penyesuai:

• Informasi yg kemudian menjadi tersedia setelah tanggal laporan keuangan yang berhubungan dengan keadaan atau kejadian setelah tanggal laporan keuangan dan tidak dapat diantisipasikan secara wajar pada tanggal laporan keuangan.

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PSAK 8 Peristiwa Setelah Periode Pelaporan

1. Tanggal laporan keuangan 30 Juni 2020. Pd tgl 2 Juli 2020 data tentang tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi per sektor industri bulan Mei 2020 dipublikasikan. Pertumbuhan ekonomi tersebut turun tajam, bahkan beberapa sektor ada yang minus.

Hal ini memberikan bukti tentang kondisi pada tanggal laporan keuangan sehingga seharusnya dimasukkan dalam penilaian ECL perusahaan pada tanggal 30 Juni 2020 tsb.

2. Tanggal laporan keuangan 31 Des 2019. Pertumbuhan kasus Covid19 melesat tinggi sejak awal tahun 2020 dengan dampak negatif pada perekonomian. Pada tanggal 31 Des 2019 hanya sedikit kasus yang dilaporkan ke WHO dan belum ada bukti kuat penularan antar manusia saat itu.

Hal ini tidak memberikan bukti tentang kondisi yang ada pada tanggal laporan keuangan dan tidak ada bukti yang wajar dan terdukung yang tersedia tanpa biaya atau upaya berlebihan pada tanggal 31 Des 2019 yg seharusnya diperhitungkan dalam estimasi ECL

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PSAK 8 Peristiwa Setelah Periode Pelaporan

3. Tanggal laporan keuangan 30 Juni 2020. Pada tgl 30 Juni 2020 ada laporan bahwa pemerintah akan meninjau kebijakan “lockdown” dalam waktu 3 minggu tetapi hasilnya tidak pasti. Pd tgl 21 Juli 2020 pemerintah mengumumkan relaksasi “lockdown” yang mengijinkan beberapa sektor non-utama utk membuka kembali usahanya.

Kebijakan pemerintah relaksasi “lockdown” tidak ada bukti telah ada pd tgl 30 Juni 2020. Namun adanya peninjauan kebijakan “lockdown” memberikan peluang akan kemungkinan hasil peninjauan.

Perusahaan seharusnya mempertimbangkan apakah ada informasi yg wajar dan terdukung pada tgl laporan keuangan yang menunjukkan sebuah skenario yg mungkin.

Jika ada, maka perusahaan seharusnya mempertimbangkan utk memasukkan skenario tsb dan bobot kemungkinannya pd ECL 30 Juni 2020, walaupun bukan bobot 100% pada skenario tsb mempertimbangkan saat 30 Juni 2020 masih belum pasti.

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PSAK 8

Press Release IAI

• Laporan Keuangan 2019: Pandemi Peristiwa Non Penyesuai

Annual Report PT Telkom TBK 2019 p. 439 CALK No.38 PERISTIWA SETELAH TANGGAL LAPORAN POSISI KEUANGAN

• Asumsi kelangsungan usaha: apakah Pandemi Covid 19 mempengaruhi kelangsungan usaha setelah periode pelaporan.

Jika kelangsungan usaha diragukan – peristiwa penyesuai

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PSAK 71 INSTRUMEN KEUANGAN

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PSAK 71

Instrumen Keuangan-

Classification

• Classification based on:

1. Business Model

2. Solely Payment of Principal and Interest (SPPI)

• Classification of Financial Instruments: should consider the impact of COVID-19 on the classification of these assets, in particular whether the entity’s business model for managing financial assets might have changed.

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PSAK 71

Instrumen Keuangan - ECL

Bantuan Pemerintah

Borrower Lender

Reduce Credit Risk

Not Impact Credit Risk

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PSAK 71

Instrumen Keuangan - ECLPayment Holiday

1 year for ALL

Financial Difficulties

Temporary Liquidity Problems

SICR

Stage 1 Stage 2 Stage 3

NO-SICR

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PSAK 71 Instrumen Keuangan - ECL

Praduga (rebuttable presumption) ada SICR ketika tertunggal > 30 hari (PSAK 71 parg. 5.5.11)- disesuaikan dg adanya payment holiday 1 th

Praduga (rebuttable presumption) gagal bayar ketika tertunggal > 90 hari (PSAK 71 PP5.5.37) – disesuaikan dg adanya payment holiday 1 th

Bantuan dr pemerintah bisa diperlakukan:

- Terpisah

- tdk terpisah dr kredit yg diberikan: kredit baru dalam skema bantuan pemerintah

• Perhatikan: adjusting and non-adjusting events di PSAK 8 vs ECL forward looking di PSAK 71

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PSAK 71

Instrumen Keuangan - ECL

• PSAK 71 paragraf 5.5.17(c) mensyaratkan entitas mengukur KKE dengan cara yang mencerminkan informasi yang wajar dan terdukung (reasonable and supportable information) yang tersedia tanpa biaya atau upaya berlebihan (without undue cost or effort) pada tanggal pelaporan mengenai peristiwa masa lalu, kondisi kini dan perkiraan kondisi ekonomi masa depan.

• Expected credit loss (ECL): Pandemi Covid 19 belum ada per tanggal Laporan Keuangan 2019 31 Desember 2019 dan per tanggal awal penerapan 1 Januari 2020 shg tidak memasukkan dlm ECL

• Laporan keuangan 2020?

• Apakah terjadi Peningkatan Signifikan Risiko Kredit sehingga berpindah dari tahap 1 ECL 12 bulan menjadi life time?

• the extension of payment holidays to all borrowers in particular classes of financial instruments should not automatically result in all those instruments being considered to have suffered an SICR

• Harus dipertimbangkan apakah bisnis debitur terdampak hanya sementara dan nanti bisa segera pulih sehingga bisa memenuhi kewajiban kontraktualnya setelah selesai masa restrukturisasi sehingga tdk terjadi PSRK selama sisa umurnya.

• PSAK 71 Mempertimbangkan nilai waktu dr uang PSAK 71 paragraf. 5.5.17 (b) karena penundaan pembayaran selama masa penangguhan shg mengakibatkan kerugian

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PSAK 71 Instrumen Keuangan-

Derecognition or Modification

Change Term of Debt Contract

Substantial Modified

Not Substantial Modified

Derecognize OLDRecognize NEW

Modification of OLD

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PSAK 71

Instrumen Keuangan -Derecognition or Modification

Substantially Modified: an extinguishment of the original debt instrument and the recognition of a new financial liability.

- The new debt instrument is recorded at fair value and

- any difference from the carrying amount of the extinguished liability, including any non-cash consideration transferred, is recorded in profit or loss.

- Any costs or fees incurred are generally included in profit or loss, too. [IFRS 9.3.3.2–3.3.3, 5.1.1, B3.3.6]

Not substantial:

- the amortised cost of the liability is recalculated as the present value of the estimated future rescheduled contractual cash flows, discounted at the original effective interest rate.

- The resulting gains(borrower) or losses (lender) are recognised in profit or loss.

- Any costs or fees incurred adjust the carrying amount of the modified financial liability and are amortised over its term.

- Subsequently, interest will continue to be recognised on the loan using the effective interest method, so that interest is still recognised during the period of the repayment holiday.

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PSAK 68 PENGUKURAN NILAI WAJAR

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PSAK 68 Pengukuran Nilai Wajar

• Nilai Wajar:

harga yg akan diterima utk menjual suatu aset atau

harga yg akan dibayar utk mengalihkan suatu liabilitas

dlm transaksi teratur

antara pelaku pasar

pd tgl pengukuran.

• Asumsinya: Pasar utama atau pasar yg paling menguntungkan

• Hirarki Nilai Wajar:

Level 1: harga kuotasian di pasar aktif (tanpa penyesuaian)

Level 2: input yg dpt diobservasi, selain harga kuotasian

Level 3: input yg tidak dapat diobservasi

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PSAK 68 Pengukuran Nilai Wajar• Nilai wajar aset atau liabilitas terpengaruh jika terjadi penurunan signifikan dalam volume atau tingkat aktivitasi aset atau

liablitas tsb dalam kaitannya dg aktivitas pasar normal.

• The factors that an entity should evaluate include (but are not limited to) jika terjadi penurunan signifikan dalam volume atau tingkat aktivitasi :

1. There is a significant decline in the activity of, or there is an absence of, a market for new issues (that is, a primary market) for the asset or liability or similar assets or liabilities.

2. There are few recent transactions.

3. Price quotations are not developed using current information.

4. Price quotations vary substantially, either over time or among market makers (for example, some brokered markets).

5. Indices that previously were highly correlated with the fair values of the asset or liability are demonstrably uncorrelated withrecent indications of fair value for that asset or liability.

6. There is a significant increase in implied liquidity risk premiums, yields or performance indicators (such as delinquency rates or loss severities) for observed transactions or quoted prices when compared with the reporting entity’s estimate of expected cash flows, taking into account all available market data about credit and other non-performance risk for the asset or liability.

7. There is a wide bid-ask spread or there are significant increases in the bid-ask spread.

8. Little information is publicly available (for example, a principal-to-principal market).

Jika terjadi penurunan signifikan, maka dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut. Penurunan saja tdk mengindikasikan bahwa harga transaksi atau harga kuotasian tdk merepresentasikan nilai wajar atau transaksi dlm pasar tsb tidak teratur.

Jk harga transaksi atau harga kuotasian tdk mewakili nilai wajar, maka penyesuaian perlu dilakukan, termasuk perubahan teknikpenilaian.

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PSAK 68

Pengukuran Nilai Wajar

• Penentuan apakah transaksi teratur atau tidak lebih sulit jk terjadi penurunan signifikan volume atau tingkat aktivitasi. Namun tdk tepat utk menyimpulkan seluruh transaksi dlm pasar tsb tdk teratur.

• Indikasi transaksi tdk teratur:

1. Tdk terdpt ekposur yg memadai thp pasar utk periode sblm tgl pengukuran yg memungkinkan utk aktivitas pemasaran yg lazim & umum

2. Terdpt periode pemasaran yg lazim dan umum, tetapi penjual memasarkan aset atau liabilitas tsb kpd pelaku pasar tunggal

3. Penjual dlm kesulitan keuangan

4. Penjual dipaksa

5. Harga transaksi mrpk outlier jk dibandingkan dg transaksi terkini dr aset atau liabilitas serupa

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PSAK 68 Pengukuran Nilai Wajar

Entitas mempertimbangkan berikut ketika mengukur nilai wajar:

1. Jk transaksi tdk teratur, maka menempatkan sedikit, jk ada, bobot (dibandingkan dg indikasi lain dr nilai wajar) pd harga transaksi tsb

2. Jk transaksi teratur, maka entitas mempertimbangkan harga transaksi tsb. Jumlah bobot yg ditempatkan pd harga transaksi tsb ketika dibandingkan dg indikasi lain dr nilai wajar akan bergantung pd fakta dan keadaan spt hal berikut: volume transaksi, keterbandingan transaksi thdp aset atau liabilitas yg diukur, kedekatan transaksi dg tgl pengukuran.

3. Jk tdk memiliki informasi yg memadai utk menyimpulkan apakah transaksi adalah teratur (saat terjadi penurunan signifikan volume atau tingkat aktivasi), maka entitas mempertimbangkan harga transaksi, tetapi harga transaksi tsb mungkin tdk merepresentasikan nilai wajar (harga transaksi tdk selalu menjadi satu2nya dasar atau dasar utama utk mengukur nilai wajar). Entitas menetapkan bobot yg lebih sedikit pd transaksi tsb ketika dibandingkan dg transaksi lain yg diketahui teratur

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IDX Monthly Statistics, Auguts 2020YIE KE FELIANA 32

PSAK 68

Pengukuran Nilai Wajar • Bagaimana kondisi pasar modal di Indonesia?

• Instrument by instrument: Entitas juga harus mempertimbangkan apakah suatu transaksi adalah teratur atau tidak untuk setiap transaksi pada level instrumen per instrumen karena setiap instrumen dapat memiliki kesimpulan analisis yang berbeda sekalipun diperdagangkan di bursa yang sama dengan kecenderungan umum menurun

• Generally, there is an extremely high bar to conclude that a transaction price in an active market (that is, a Level 1 input) is not orderly under IFRS 13. Secara implisit terdapat anggapan yang tidak terbantahkan bahwa transaksi yang dapat diobservasi antar pihak yang tidak berelasi adalah transaksi teratur.

Sumber: Press Release IAI

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Siaran Pers OJK:

PANDUAN PENERAPAN PSAK 71 DAN PSAK 68 UNTUK PERBANKAN DI MASA

PANDEMI COVID -19

• SP 28/DHMS/OJK/IV/2020

• PSAK 71 Industri Perbankan:

a. Mematuhi dan melaksanakan POJK Nomor 11/POJK.03/2020 dan secara produktif mengidentifikasi debitur-debitur yang selama ini berkinerja baik namun menurun kinerjanya karena terdampak Covid- 19

b. Menerapkan skema restrukturisasi mengacu pada hasil asesmen yang akurat disesuaikan profil debitur dengan jangka waktu selama-lamanya satu tahun dan hanya diberikan pada debitur-debitur yang benar-benar terdampak Covid -19

c. Menggolongkan debitur-debitur yang mendapatkan skema restrukturisasi dalam stage 1 dan tidak diperlukan tambahan Cadangan Kerugian Penurunan Nilai (CKPN)

d. Melakukan identifikasi dan monitoring secara berkelanjutan serta berjagajaga untuk tetap melakukan pembentukan CKPN apabila debitur-debitur yang telah mendapatkan fasilitas restrukturisasi tersebut berkinerja baik pada awalnya, diperkirakan menurun karena terdampak Covid -19 dan tidak dapat pulih pasca-restrukturisasi atau dampak Covid berakhir

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Siaran Pers OJK:

PANDUAN PENERAPAN PSAK 71 DAN PSAK 68 UNTUK PERBANKAN DI MASA

PANDEMI COVID -19

• PSAK 68: pengukuran nilai wajar dari surat berharga mengingat tingginya volatilitas dan penurunan signifikan volume transaksi di bursa efek yang mempengaruhi pertimbangan bank dalam menentukan nilai wajar surat berharga

a. Menunda penilaian yang mengacu pada harga pasar (mark to market) untuk SUN dan surat-surat berharga lain yang diterbitkan Pemerintah termasuk surat berharga Bank Indonesia selama enam bulan. Selama masa penundaan, perbankan dapat menggunakan harga kuotasian tanggal 31 Maret 2020 untuk penilaian surat-surat berharga tersebut

b. Menunda penilaian yang mengacu pada harga pasar (mark to market) untuk surat-surat berharga lain selama enam bulan sepanjang meyakini kinerja penerbit surat-surat berharga tersebut dinilai baik sesuai kriteria yang ditetapkan. Selama masa penundaan, perbankan dapat menggunakan harga kuotasian tanggal 31 Maret 2020 untuk penilaian surat-surat berharga tersebut. Apabila dianggap kinerja penerbit surat berharga itu tidak atau kurang baik, maka bank dapat melakukan penilaian berdasarkan model sendiri dengan menggunakan berbagai asumsi, antara lain suku bunga, credit spread, risiko kredit penerbit dan sebagainya

c. Melakukan pengungkapan yang menjelaskan perbedaan perlakukan akuntansi yang mengacu pada panduan OJK dengan standar akuntansi sebagaimana dipersyaratkan PSAK 68.

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PSAK 73 SEWA

36

PSAK 73 Sewa

Rent concession selama masa Pandemi ada 4 jenis:

1. Termasuk dalam kontrak sewa seperti telah diatur dalam keadaan force majeur:

variable lease payment yang negatif/Decrease bagi Lessee & Lessor

Lessee: Lease Liability xxx

Gain on rent concession xxx

Lessor Finance Lease: Loss on rent concession xxx

Lease receivable xxx

Lessor Operating Lease: Rent receivable xxx

Rent revenue xxx

Rent revenue xxx

Rent receivable xxx

2. Diwajibkan oleh pemerintah/hukum: diperlakukan sama dengan rent concession yg sdh temasuk dalam kontrak sewa (PSAK 73 parg.2) variable lease payment yang negatif/Decrease bagi lessee & lessor

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PSAK 73 Sewa

3. Pembebasan pembayaran tanpa perubahan scope sewa -tidak tercantum dalam kontrak sewa, lessor yg voluntary berikan (PSAK 71 parg. 2.1(b) derecognition lease receivable & lease liability) : sebesar PV of forgiveness lease payment

- Lessee: Lease Liability xxx

Gain on partly forgiveness lease payment xxx

- Lessor: Loss on partly forgiveness lease payment xxx

Lease Receivable xxx

4. penundaan pembayaran/deffered- reschelduled not reduced

proportional: not lease modification, because no change in the scope of lease or the consideration, but its still effect on PV of lease payment

- Lessee: Lease Liability xxx

Gain on deferral lease payment xxx

- Lessor: Loss on deferral lease payment xxx

Lease Receivable xxx

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PSAK 73 Sewa

5. Other concessions, include non proportional or change in lease term:

a. Separate lease contract (IASB document notes that a rent holiday or rent reduction alone is not a change in the scope of a lease)

b. Lease modification: changes in lease payment and revised effective interest rates

- Lessee: Remeasure lease liability by discounting the revised leased payments at a revised discount rate & adjust to Right of Use Aset ((PSAK 73 parg.44-46)

Lease Liability xxx

Right of Use Assets xxx

- Lessor: a new lease (PSAK 73 parg.79-80, 87)

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PSAK 73

Amendemen

If the modification accounting applies, a lessee does not recognise the benefits of the rent concession in profit or loss straight away. Instead, the lessee will recalculate its lease liability using a revised discount rate and adjust its right-of-use assets.

If the modification accounting does not apply, the profit or loss impact of the rent concession would generally be more immediate.

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PSAK 73Amendemen

• For lessee

• A rent holiday or rent reduction alone is not a change in the scope of a lease.

• penyewa dapat memilih untuk tidak menilai apakah konsesi sewa terkait covid-19 merupakan suatu modifikasi sewa (Paragraf 46A draf amendemen PSAK 73)

• berlaku hanya untuk konsesi sewa yang timbul sebagai konsekuensi langsung pandemi covid-19 dan hanya jika semua kondisi berikut terpenuhi (Paragraf 46B draf amendemen PSAK 73) :

(a) perubahan pembayaran sewa menghasilkan imbalan revisian untuk sewa yang secara substansial sama dengan, atau kurang dari, imbalan sewa sesaat sebelum perubahan tersebut;

(b) segala bentuk pengurangan pembayaran sewa hanya memengaruhi pembayaran yang semula jatuh tempo pada tahun 2020; dan

(c) tidak ada perubahan substantif pada syarat dan ketentuan lain dari sewa.

Berlaku:

- periode pelaporan tahunan yang dimulai pada atau setelah 1 Juni 2020

- Penerapan dini diijinkan

Transisi:

- Restrospektif

- dampak kumulatif penyesuaian terhadap saldo laba awal pada awal periode pelaporan tahunan di mana penyewa pertama kali menerapkan amendemen ini

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PSAK 73

Amendemen• Accounting for changes in lease payments applying the exemption (Changes in payments that are

not lease modifications )

• If a change in lease payments does not result from a lease modification, that change would generally be accounted for as a variable lease payment. In this case, a lessee applies PSAK 73 parag. 38 and generally recognizes the effect of the rent concession in profit or loss. For an operating lease, a lessor recognises the effect of the rent concession by recognizing lower income from leases.

• A lessee that applies the practical expedient would generally account for:

1. The forgiveness or waiver of lease payments as a variable lease payment. The lessee would also derecognize that part of the lease liability that has been extinguished by the forgiveness of lease payments.

2. A change in lease payments that reduces payments in one period but proportionally increases payments in another (such that there is no change to the overall consideration for the lease and only the timing of individual payments changes), by continuing to recognize interest on the liability and reduce that liability for payments made to the lessor.

3. If the lease payments are reduced in one period but increased by a lower amount in a later period (hence the total consideration is lower) the change in lease payments incorporates both a forgiveness of payments and deferred lease payments.

• The lease liability recognized by a lessee applying the practical expedient would represent the present value of future lease payments owing to the lessor.

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PSAK 73

Sewa

• Impairment of assets

- Lessee:

Finance lease: right-of-use assets (PSAK 48)

- Lessor:

Finance Lease : Lease Receivable (PSAK71 – ECL)

Operating Lease:

Investment Property – at cost (PSAK 13) AND

Lease Receivable (PSAK 71-ECL)

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PSAK 48 PENURUNAN NILAI ASET

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46

PSAK 48 Penurunan Nilai Aset

• When events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset may be impaired at the reporting date, an entity is required to test it for impairment even if the asset must also be tested annually for impairment (e.g. goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets).

• Indicators of impairment include (but are not limited to):

- significant changes with an adverse effect on the entity that have taken place during the period, or will take place in the near future in the market or economic environment in which the entity operates; and

- extent to which, or the manner in which, an asset is used or is expected to be used (for example, an asset becoming idle, plans to discontinue or restructure the operation to which an asset belongs, plans to dispose of an asset before the previously expected date)

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PSAK 48

Penurunan Nilai AsetHal yang terpengaruh pada masa Pandemi ini:

1. Estimating cash flow utk Value in Use and Fair Value les Cost to Disposal

Two approach:

a. Traditional approach : a single cash flow projection, or most likely cash flow

b. Expected cash flow approach multiple, probability-weighted cash flow projections

2. Discount rate

3. Useful life, residual value, and depreciation method (PSAK 16)

• It includes:

- property, plant and equipment (carried at cost or revalued amount)

- intangible assets (carried at cost or revalued amount)

- goodwill

- right-of-use assets (if carried at cost) – ada yg diakui sbg Investment Property dg pilihan Nilai Wajar

- investment property (if carried at cost) – ada pilihan at cost atau nilai wajar

- biological assets (if carried at cost) – saat tdk tersedia nilai wajar yg andal

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PSAK 14

PERSEDIAAN

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PSAK 14

Persediaan• Inventory write-downs could be due to:

- reduced movement in inventory,

- lower commodity prices, or

- Inventory obsolescence due to lower than expected sales.

• Pengukuran Persediaan: LCNVR

• NRV= the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated costs of completion and sale

- Estimated selling prices may fluctuate due to changes in customer demand.

- Estimated costs to complete may change due to increases in the cost of materials or labour.

• IAS 2, ‘Inventories’, requires fixed production overheads to be included in the cost of inventory based on normal production capacity (standard costing).

• Production level abnormally low: Unallocated Fixed Overhead: recognised in profit or loss in the period in which they are incurred yaitu dimasukkan dalam Beban Pokok Penjualan (PSAK 14 parg. 38).

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PSAK 16

ASET TETAP

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PSAK 16 Aset Tetap

• requires depreciation to continue to be charged in the income statement while an asset is temporarily idle.

Assets Iddle

Depreciation???

Changes Method

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PSAK 16

Aset Tetap

• As a result of COVID-19, many territories have imposed restrictions on operations, including a restriction on the construction of property, plant and equipment (‘PP&E’) and investment property. Entities might continue to incur costs in relation to the construction, even though construction might be limited or suspended. Entities might continue construction and incur additional costs due to restrictions and/or health and safety compliance. These costs might be incurred internally (for example, salaries of project managers) and/or externally (for example, on-charge by contractors as allowed by the construction contract).

• Paragraph 16 of IAS 16 and paragraph 21 of IAS 40 discuss the cost elements of PP&E and investment property, respectively. Both standards require entities to capitalise purchase price and expenditure that is directly attributable to the acquisition/construction of assets.

• Paragraph 22 of PSAK 16 and paragraph 23 of PSAK 13 further require entities to expense, as incurred, abnormal amounts of wasted materials and labour or other resources.

YIE KE FELIANA 54

PSAK16

Aset TetapApplying these principles to both acquired and self-constructed assets, entities might

capitalise the following costs, among others:

1. certain project management costs relating to originally planned activities that are not impacted by the lockdown if they remain directly attributable to the asset being constructed; and

2. additional labour costs incurred to complete the construction that are required to comply with ongoing health and safety requirements in that territory.

Entities should not capitalise the following costs, among others:

1. errors (such as design errors);

2. storage and leasing costs of certain equipment located at construction sites that continue to be incurred during the lockdown period while construction is paused, since they are no longer directly attributable; and

3. additional indirect labour costs incurred to comply with ongoing health and safety requirements where management concludes that these costs are not specifically related to the asset construction but are instead part of the cost of doing business (that is, administration or other general overhead costs).YIE KE FELIANA 55

PSAK 26 BIAYA PINJAMAN

YIE KE FELIANA

56

PSAK 26

Biaya Pinjaman

• a company capitalises borrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of a qualifying asset – i.e. one that necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale.

• the capitalization of interest to be suspended when development of an asset is suspended.

The COVID-19 conditions and associated lockdowns and/or restrictions are not considered to be a necessary part of the process of getting an asset ready for its intended use or sale. Nor is the COVID-19-related cessation of activities considered necessary during the construction period of an asset.

• However, the term ‘activities’ does encompass more than physical construction of the asset. Where substantial technical and administrative work is carried out, capitalisation of borrowing costs should continue, even if physical construction has ceased.

• A company continues to capitalise borrowing costs if:

1. the interruption is for only a short duration;

2. it continues to perform substantial administrative or technical work; or

3. it can demonstrate that the interruption is due to a common external event or is a typical part of the process.

Renegotiation of borrowings: modifications to financial liabilities that are agreed with lenders may lead to adjustments to interest expense that affect the amount of eligible borrowing costs to be capitalised

Pembangunan Berhenti

Beban Bunga???

YIE KE FELIANA 57

PSAK 2

LAPORAN ARUS KAS

YIE KE FELIANA 58

PSAK 2

Laporan Arus Kas

• Setara kas: short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

• Management should consider whether investments previously classified as cash equivalents continue to meet the definition in light of these declines in value and/or restrictions on redemption.

YIE KE FELIANA 59

PSAK 72 PENDAPATAN

DARI KONTRAK DENGAN

PELANGGAN

YIE KE FELIANA 60

PSAK 72 Pendapatan dari Kontrak dg Pelanggan

Collectability

Adjustment Transaction

Price

Variabel Consideration

PSAK 72

Credit RiskPSAK 71

an increase in expected returns, additional price concessions, reduced volume discounts, penalties for late deliver,extended payment terms, extensions of loyalty programs, opportunities to terminate agreements without penalty, revisions to purchase commitments

YIE KE FELIANA 61

PSAK 72

Pendapatan dari Kontrak dg Pelanggan

• Imbalan variable (paragraph 50-54): diestimasikan dengan

1. Nilai ekspektasian: jumlah probabilitas tertimbang dalam kisaran jumlah imbalan yang mungkin ada

2. Jumlah yang paling mungkin: jumlah tunggal yang paling mungkin dalam kisaran jumlah imbalan yg mungkin terjadi

• An amount may be deemed uncollectible for several reasons:

- credit risk: Impairment Loss “provision for bad debt or

- adjustments in the transaction price (e.g. price concessions, rebates, discounts): reduction of revenue

While differentiating between credit risk and adjustments in the transaction price may not affect the overall outcome of the collectability analysis (and thus the estimated value of accounts receivable), the presentation of such amounts could differ significantly (i.e. impairment loss vs. reduction of revenue) along with the related disclosure requirements depending on the deemed underlying cause (e.g. credit risk vs. price concession) of the collectability concern.

YIE KE FELIANA 62

PSAK 72 Pendapatan dari Kontrak dg Pelanggan

• Karena Covid 19 ada tambahan biaya (seperti tambahan biaya tenaga kerja krn tambahan jam kerja utk menjaga physical distancing, atau biaya lain utk menyesuaikan peraturan kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja: masker, wastafel, disinfektan) yang diperlukan utk melakukan pekerjaan konstruksi setelah lockdown. Biaya ini tidak diantisipasikan sebelum pandemi Covid 19 dan kemungkinan besar tidak termasuk dlm perhitungan kontrak.

• Jika nilai kontrak tdk berubah, biaya tambahan ini memenuhi kewajiban pelaksanaan shg masuk dlm perhitungan cost-to-cost method (pembilang dan penyebut).

YIE KE FELIANA 63

PSAK 61

AKUNTANSI HIBAH PEMERINTAH DAN

PENGUNGKAPAN BANTUAN PEMERINTAH

YIE KE FELIANA 64

YIE KE FELIANA 65

PSAK 61 Akuntansi Hibah Pemerintah dan Pengungkapan Bantuan

Pemerintah• Hibah pemerintah: bantuan oleh pemerintah

- dlm bentuk pengalihan sumber daya kpd entitas: dlm bentuk penerimaan aset atau pengurangan kewajiban, cara bantuan itu diterima tdk mempengaruhi akuntansi

- sbg imbalan atas kepatuhan entitas di masa lalu atau masa depan

- sesuai dg kondisi tertentu yg berkaitan dg aktivitas operasi entitas tsb

Pengakuan saat:

- Terdapat keyakinan yg memadai bahwa entitas akan mematuhi kondisi yg melekat pd hibah

- Hibah akan diterima

Bukan Hibah: Bantuan pemerintah yg tdk memiliki nilai yg memadai bg entitas dan transaksi dg pemerintah yg tdk dpt dibedakan dr transaksi perdagangan normal entitas

Contoh: pemerintah mengumumkan penurunan tarif PLN kepada semua entitas

Diakui bukan sbg hibah pemerintah sesuai PSAK 61 tetapi sbg biaya utilitas dg nilai yg turun

YIE KE FELIANA 66

PSAK 61 Akuntansi Hibah Pemerintah dan Pengungkapan Bantuan

Pemerintah• 6 Langkah:

1. Tentukan apakah relief program termasuk dlm hibah pemerintah PSAK 61?

2. Tentukan apakah entitas menerima hibah pemerintah ataukah fasilitas untuk mentransfer relief tsb ke entitas akhir sbg agen pemerintah?

3. Pertimbangkan kapan entitas menerima hibah memenuhi kriteria pengakuan di PSAK 61

4. Identifikasikan beban atau kerugian ekonomi apa dikompensasikan dg hibah tsb dan pertimbangkan bgm beban atau kerugian ekonomi tsb diakui sesuai PSAK terkait

5. Akuilah hibah dalam laporan laba rugi dg cara yg me-matching-kan pola pengakuan terkait beban atau kerugian ekonomi

6. Pertimbangkan penyajian penghasilan hibah: apakah disajikan kotor atau bersih atas pengeluaran sesuai pilihan kebijakan akuntansi yg tersedia di PSAK 61

YIE KE FELIANA 67

PSAK 61 Akuntansi Hibah Pemerintah dan Pengungkapan Bantuan

Pemerintah• Siapa penerima Hibah? CONTROL

• Jika perantara mengendalikan hibah sebelum ditransfer ke pihak akhir : perantara yg memperoleh hibah dr pemerintah, shg perantara yg menerapkan PSAK 61.

• Sebaliknya: perantara tdk menerapkan PSAK 61,

tetapi tetap mengakui aset atas apa yg diterimanya dan kewajiban atas apa yg hrs diserahkan kpd pihak akhir sesuai PSAK terkait.

Faktor yg dipertimbangkan jk perantara mengendalikan hibah sebelum ditransfer ke pihak akhir:

1. Apakah perantara memiliki diskresi atas siapa pihak akhir yg akan menerima relief?

2. Apakah perantara memiliki diskresi atas seberapa besar nilai yg akan ditransfer dan cara men-transfer nya ke pihak akhir?

3. Apakah perantara memiliki diskresi atas waktu utk mentransfer relief ke pihak akhir?

4. Apakah perantara menginisiasi aplikasi permohonan relief atau apakah aplikasi ini ditentukan oleh pihak akhir?

YIE KE FELIANA 68

PSAK 57PROVISI, LIABILITAS

KONTIJENSI DAN ASET KONTIJENSI

YIE KE FELIANA 69

PSAK 57

Provisi, Liabilitas Kontijensi & Aset Kontijensi

• Provisi: liabiitas yg waktu dan jumlahnya belum pasti

• In a difficult economic environment and facing difficulties in obtaining financing, an entity may be considering or implementingrestructuring plans such as the sale or closure of part of its businesses or the downsizing (temporarily or permanently) of operations.

• a restructuring provision be recognized if both criteria are met:

1. The entity has a detailed formal plan for the restructuring and

2. has raised a valid expectation in those affected that it will carry out the restructuring by starting to implement that plan or announcing its main features to those affected by it.

• only direct costs arising from the restructuring – e.g. employee termination benefits and consulting fees that relate directly to the restructuring, onerous contract provisions, contract termination costs and expected costs from when operations cease until final disposal. [PSAK 57 Parg.80]

• Costs associated with ongoing activities are not included in restructuring provisions. For example, the costs of retaining orrelocating employees, administration or marketing costs and investment in new systems are not recognised as part of a restructuring provision. [PSAK 57 Parg 80]

• Any part of the business is available for immediate sale in its present condition and completion of such a sale within one year is highly probable. If so, the assets and liabilities to be disposed of are classified as held for sale and written down to their fair value less costs to sell if this is lower than their carrying amount (PSAK 58 Aset Tidak Lancar yg Dikuasai untuk Dijual dan Operasi yg Dihentikan)

PSAK 57 does not permit provisions for future operating costs or future business recovery costs.YIE KE FELIANA 70

PSAK 57

Provisi, Liabilitas Kontijensi & Aset Kontijensi

• Onerous contracts

Onerous contracts are those contracts for which the unavoidable costs of meeting the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under it.

Unavoidable costs under a contract are the least net cost of exiting the contract (that is, the lower of the cost to exit or breach the contract and the cost of fulfilling it).

Such contracts might include, for example,

1. Supply contracts that the entity is unable to fulfil because of the virus.

2. Revenue contracts containing penalties for late or non-delivery.

3. Increased costs of fulfilling a customer contract due to the replacement of staff who are infected, subject to quarantine or are otherwise restricted from travel; or having to purchase alternative raw materials at a higher price.

4. Contracts for delivery of services in the education or tourism sectors which oblige entities to provide services to smaller groups than is economically viable.

YIE KE FELIANA 71

PSAK 57 Provisi, Liabilitas Kontijensi & Aset Kontijensi

• Penggantian

• One of the steps taken to control the spread of the virus is to require some businesses to close temporarily. An entity might have business continuity insurance and be able to recover some or all of the costs of closing. Management should consider whether the losses arising from COVID-19 are covered by its insurance policies.

• The benefit of such insurance is recognized when the recovery is virtually certain. This is typically when the insurer has accepted that there is a valid claim and management is satisfied that the insurer can meet its obligations.

• Pengakuan:

1. Jika entitas akan tetap bertanggungjawab saat pihak ketiga tdk membayar:

- Provisi atas seluruh liabilitas

- Aset atas penggantian yg diharapkan dr pihak ketiga (saat pasti dan nilai max. sebesar provisi)

2. Jika entitas tdk mempunyai kewajiban utk mengganti saat pihak ketiga tdk membayar:

- Tidak mengakui provisi

YIE KE FELIANA 72

PSAK 24

IMBALAN KERJA

YIE KE FELIANA 73

PSAK 24 Imbalan Kerja

many companies have taken in response to the pandemic include implementing the terms of an existing termination plan, granting furloughs or temporary layoffs, offering one-time employee termination or relocation benefits, providing compensated absences, or a combination of these or different benefits and plans.

Management should also consider whether it has a legal or constructive obligation to its employees in connection with the virus (for example, sick pay or payments to employees that self-isolate) for which a liability should be recognized in accordance with the guidance in PSAK 24.

Management might be considering reducing its workforce as a result of the virus. PSAK 24requires a liability for employee termination to be recognized only when the entity can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits, or the costs of a related restructuring are recognized in accordance with PSAK 57.

YIE KE FELIANA 74

PSAK 53 PEMBAYARAN

BERBASIS SAHAM

YIE KE FELIANA 75

PSAK 53

Pembayaran berbasis Saham

• Management should consider whether any of the assumptions used to measure employee benefits and share-based payments should be revised.

• Management should be aware that cancelling a share-based payment award, even if the vesting conditions are unlikely to be satisfied, results in immediate recognition of the remaining expense.

YIE KE FELIANA 76

PSAK 46 PAJAK

PENGHASILAN

YIE KE FELIANA 77

PSAK 46 Pajak Penghasilan

• Tarif pph badan turun berpengaruh pada DTA dan DTL

• Perpu 1 Tahun 2020 pemerintah telah menurunkan tarif pajak penghasilan badan dari sebelumnya sebesar 25 persen menjadi 22 persen untuk tahun-tahun pajak 2020 dan 2021, dan menjadi 20 persen mulai tahun pajak 2022.

• Entities will need to assess their ability to realise DTAs before they expire.

Current and forecasted future losses, particularly those that result in a cumulative loss or the expectation of a cumulative loss, may significantly impair an entity’s ability to use DTAs and, therefore, prevent the recognition of part or all of the DTAs.

• Management should disclose any significant judgements and estimates made in assessing the recoverability of deferred tax assets, in accordance with IAS 1.

YIE KE FELIANA 78

PSAK 1 PENYAJIAN LAPORAN

KEUANGAN

YIE KE FELIANA 79

PSAK 1 Penyajian Laporan Keuangan

Current Liabilities?Non Current Liabilities?

OR

Breach Debt Convenant

YIE KE FELIANA 80

PSAK 1 Penyajian Laporan

Keuangan

• The financial impact of the virus might cause some entities to breach covenants on borrowings, or it might trigger material adverse change clauses. This could result in loan repayment terms changing and some loans becoming repayable on demand. Management should consider whether the classification of loans and other financing liabilities between non-current and current is affected and, in extreme situations, whether the entity remains a going concern.

• If a breach occurs on or before the end of the reporting date and the breach provides the lender with the right to demand repayment within 12 months of the reporting date, the liability should be classified as current in the entity’s financial statements in the absence of any agreements made prior to the reporting date that give the entity a right to defer payment beyond 12 months after the reporting date.

• In contrast, a breach of loan covenants after the reporting date is a non-adjusting event that should be disclosed in the financial statements if the information is material. A breach after the reporting date could also affect the entity’s ability to continue as a going concern.

• Management should consider the specific requirements in IAS 1 to disclose significant accounting policies, the most significant judgements made in applying those accounting policies, and the estimates that are most likely to result in an adjustment to profits in future periods

YIE KE FELIANA 81

PSAK 1 Penyajian Laporan Keuangan

• Laporan Laba Rugi dan Penghasilan Komprehensif Lain

decrease in entities’ profitability due to lower revenue and/or the continuance of salaries and other expenses while operations are closed or curtailed.

• PSAK 1 Parg. 85 memperbolehkan memisahkan dan penambahan baris, judul atau sub total jk penyajian tsb relevan utk memahami kinerja keuangan entitas: Jk Item terkait Covid 19 exceptional dan material.

• Atau dijelaskan di CALK: utk menjelaskan pengaruh dr Covid 19 (lebih sesuai ini sebab dampak Covid 19 pervasive)

YIE KE FELIANA 82

PSAK 1

Penyajian Laporan

Keuangan

• The potential prolonged disruption caused by COVID-19 may raise concerns about whether an entity is able to continue as a going concern for at least 12 months from the reporting date, taking into account the information available up to the date the financial statements are authorized for issue.

• Entities will need to consider the following among other factors:

- Changes in forecast results

- Potential liquidity and working capital shortfalls

- Their ability to access capital

- Contractual obligations

- Diminished demand for products and services

- Plans to mitigate the negative impacts on its business

- Potential government assistance

YIE KE FELIANA 83

PSAK 3

LAPORAN KEUANGAN

INTERIM

YIE KE FELIANA 84

PSAK 3 Laporan Keuangan Interim

• Many entities might first report the impact of the virus in interim financial statements. The recognition and measurement guidance described above applies equally to interim financial statements.

• Kebijakan akuntansi harus sama dengan laporan keuangan tahunan

• Perhatikan untuk Impairment Goodwill: apakah terjadi pemanen atau hanya di periode interim, yg akhir periode akan kembali membaik. Impairment Goodwill tidak dapat di reverse

YIE KE FELIANA 85

Referensi

• IAI, PRESS RELEASE – DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PENERAPAN PSAK 68 PENGUKURAN NILAI WAJAR

• IAI, PRESS RELEASE – DAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 TERHADAP PENERAPAN PSAK 8 PERISTIWA SETELAH PERIODE PELAPORAN DAN PSAK 71 INSTRUMEN KEUANGAN

• IAI, Amendamen Draft Exposure PSAK 73

• PWC, March-June 2020, Accounting implications of the effects of coronavirus

• Deloitte, March-June 2020, IFRS in Focus: Accounting Considerations Related to Coronavirus Disease 2019

• KPMG,March-June 2020, Covid 19 Financial Reporting

• IFRS, 27 March 2020, IFRS 9 and Covid 19

• IFRS, 10 April 2020, IFRS 16 and Covid 19

YIE KE FELIANA 86

SEKIAN

DISKUSI & TANYA JAWAB

TERIMA KASIH

YIE KE FELIANA 87