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DEPERTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA PROGRAM PASCASARJANA FAKULTAS TEKNIK JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI RENCANA PROPOSAL PENELITIAN DISERTASI DIAJUKAN KEPADA JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI Judul STUDI PENGGUNAAN TAILING DAN LIMONIT SEBAGAI KATALIS PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH INDONESIA Oleh : Harli Talla

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Page 1: Daftar Isi Dll

DEPERTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI

RENCANA

PROPOSAL PENELITIAN DISERTASI

DIAJUKAN KEPADA JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI

Judul

STUDI PENGGUNAAN TAILING DAN LIMONIT SEBAGAI KATALIS

PADA PENCAIRAN BATUBARA PERINGKAT RENDAH

INDONESIA

Oleh :

Harli Talla

YOGYAKARTA

Page 2: Daftar Isi Dll

DEPERTEMEN PENDIDIKAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN

UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

PROGRAM PASCASARJANA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK

JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI

PROPOSAL PENELITIAN DISERTASI

DIAJUKAN KEPADA JURUSAN TEKNIK GEOLOGI

Judul

PENGARUH KARAKTERISTIK BATUBARA TERHADAP HASIL PENCAIRAN

DAN PRODUK MINYAK YANG DIHASILKAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN

TAILING DAN LIMONIT SEBAGAI KATALIS

Oleh :

Harli Talla

NIM: 10/306354/STK/00298

YOGYAKARTA

2011

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DAFTAR ISI

Lembaran judul Lembar pengesahan Daftar isi

1. Pendahuluan

1.1 Latar Belakang ............................................................................................................ 11.2 Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................................... 31.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 31.4 Batasan Masalah ......................................................................................................... 41.5 Lokasi Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 4

2. Geologi Daerah Penelitian

2.1 Tinjauan Geologi Daerah Penelitian ........................................................................... 62.2 Geologi Cekungan Papua Utara ................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 Fisiografi ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Stratigrafi .......................................................................................................... 6 2.2.3 Tektonik regional .............................................................................................. 9 2.2.4 Karakteristik batubara cekungan Papua Utara .................................................. 92.3 Geologi Cekungan Kutai ............................................................................................. 10 2.3.1 Fisiografi ........................................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 Stratigrafi .......................................................................................................... 10 2.3.3 Tektonik regional .............................................................................................. 13 2.3.4 Karakteristik batubara Cekungan Kutai ........................................................... 142.4 Geologi Cekungan Sumatera Selatan .......................................................................... 15 2.4.1 Fisiografi ........................................................................................................... 15 2.4.2 Stratigrafi .......................................................................................................... 17 2.4.3 Tektonik regional .............................................................................................. 18 2.4.4 Karakteristik batubara Cekungan Sumatera Selatan ......................................... 18 2.5 Rangkuman Karakteristik Batubara ............................................................................ 19

3. Landasan Teori

3.1 Karakteristik Batubara ............................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Peringkat batubara ............................................................................................ 20 3.1.2 Komposisi kimia batubara ................................................................................ 22 3.1.3 Struktur kimia batubara .................................................................................... 23 3.1.4 Komponen organik (maseral) ........................................................................... 25 3.1.5 Komponen non organik (mineral) ..................................................................... 263.2 Pengaruh Karakteristik Batubara terhadap Hasil Pencairan ....................................... 263.3 Pencairan Batubara ..................................................................................................... 27 3.3.1 Pencairan batubara tidak langsung ................................................................... 28 3.3.2 Pencairan batubara langsung ............................................................................ 28

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3.4 Katalis Dalam Pencairan Batubara .............................................................................. 30 3.4.1 Transformasi katalis menjadi pirhotit .............................................................. 30 3.4.2 Pemanfaatan tailing sebagai katalis .................................................................. 32 3.4.3 Pemanfaatan limonit sebagai katalis ................................................................ 33 3.5 Produk Batubara Cair .................................................................................................. 353.6 Hipotesis ...................................................................................................................... 36

4. Metodologi dan Desain Penelitian

4.1 Data ............................................................................................................................ 374.2 Alat dan Bahan .......................................................................................................... 374.3 Tahapan Penelitian .................................................................................................... 38 4.3.1 Tahap pendahuluan ........................................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Tahap Pekerjaan lapangan ................................................................................ 38 4.3.3 Tahap analisis laboratorium .............................................................................. 39 4.3.4 Tahap analisis data dan penyusunan laporan ................................................... 424.2 Rancangan Pengujian .................................................................................................. 424.3 Tempat Pengujian Laboratorium ................................................................................ 434.4 Luaran Penelitian ........................................................................................................ 464.5 Jadwal Penelitian ......................................................................................................... 46

Daftar pustaka

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Halaman

Gambar 1.1. Lokasi penelitian .......................................................................................... 5

Gambar 2.1. Cekungan Papua Utara dan kondisi tektonik serta stratigrafinya ................ 7

Gambar 2.2. Cekungan Kutai dan kolom stratigrafinya ................................................... 11

Gambar 2.3. Cekungan Sumatera Selatan dan kolom stratigrafinya ................................ 16

Gambar 3.1. Struktur batubara berdasarkan peringkatnya ................................................ 23

Gambar 3.2. Perubahan struktur batubara dengan peningkatan peringkat ...................... 24

Gambar 3.3. Rasio hidrogen/carbon bahan bakar ............................................................. 27

Gambar 3.4. Mekanisme metode hidrogenasi katalitik ..................................................... 30

Gambar 3.5. Bentuk transformasi besi sulfide selama pencairan batubara ....................... 31

Gambar 3.6. Pengendapan tailing di Sungai Ajkwa ........................................................ 32

Gambar 3.7. Profil nikel dari blok timur dan barat daerah Soroako ................................. 34

Gambar 3.8. Struktur produk batubara cair hasil destilasi ................................................ 35

Gambar 4.1. Skema pencairan hidrogenasi katalitik ......................................................... 44

Gambar 4.2. Diagram alir metode penelitian ................................................................... 45

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DAFTAR TABEL

Halaman

Tabel 2.1. Rangkuman Karakteristik Batubara .................................................................. 19

Tabel 3.1. Klasifikasi batubara berdasarkan tingkatnya ................................................... 21

Tabel 3.2. Kandungan unsur utama batubara dari berbagai peringkat .............................. 22

Tabel 3.3. Komposisi elemen grup maseral batubara peringkat rendah ........................... 25

Tabel 3.4. Hasil analisa kimia tailing PT Freeport Indonesia ........................................... 33

Tabel 4.1. Rancangan variabel pengujian pencairan batubara .......................................... 43

Tabel 4.2. Jadwal kegiatan penelitian ............................................................................... 46

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II.1.1 Tatanan Tectonic Cekungan Kutai

Tatanan tectonic cekungan kutai dapat diringkas sebagai berikut (Gambar 3.1.2).

• Awal Synrift (Paleosen ke Awal Eosen): Sedimen tahap ini terdiri dari sedimen

aluvial mengisi topografi NE-SW dan NNE-SSW hasil dari trend rifting di Cekungan Kutai

darat. Mereka menimpa di atas basemen kompresi Kapur akhir sampai awal Tersier berupa

laut dalam sekuen.

• Akhir Synrift (Tengah sampai Akhir Eosen): Selama periode ini, sebuah transgresi

besar terjadi di Cekungan Kutai, sebagian terkait dengan rifting di Selat Makassar, dan

terakumulasinya shale bathial sisipan sand.

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• Awal Postrift (Oligosen ke Awal Miosen): Selama periode ini, kondisi bathial terus

mendominasi dan beberapa ribu meter didominasi oleh akumulasi shale. Di daerah structural

shallow area platform karbonat berkembang

• Akhir Postrift (Miosen Tengah ke Kuarter): Dari Miosen Tengah dan seterusnya

sequence delta prograded secara major berkembang terus ke laut dalam Selat Makassar,

membentuk sequence Delta Mahakam, yang merupakan bagian utama pembawa hidrokarbon

pada cekungan. Berbagai jenis pengendapan delta on – dan offshore berkembang pada

formasi Balikpapan dan Kampungbaru, termasuk juga fasies slope laut dalam dan fasies

dasar cekungan. Dan juga hadir batuan induk dan reservoir yang sangat baik dengan

interbedded sealing shale. Setelah periode ini, proses erosi ulang sangat besar terjadi pada

bagian sekuen Kutai synrift.