current state and prospects of materials science research - phdassistance

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Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research An Academic presentation by Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance Group www.phdassistance.com Email: [email protected]

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Materials is a vast and critical area of expertise and techniques that is an integral cornerstone of contemporary technical societies, not a particular discipline. In this way, materials parallel other broad fields like energy, electronics, and medical science, where each spans several disciplines and is marked by scientific ferment and societal influence. If materials science is conducted on a small, moderate, or large scale, the people’s quality is directly related to the researcher doing it. Learn More: https://bit.ly/3rjX9nS Contact Us: Website: https://www.phdassistance.com/ UK NO: +44–1143520021 India No: +91–4448137070 WhatsApp No: +91 91769 66446 Email: [email protected]

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Page 1: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Current state and

Prospects of Materials Science

Research

An Academic presentation byDr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Phdassistance Group www.phdassistance.comEmail: [email protected]

Page 2: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Today's Discussion

Introduction

Recent research trends of materials

science research

Future scope

Outline

Page 3: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Materials is a vast and critical area ofand techniques that is anexpertise

integral technical

cornerstone societies,

ofcontemporary not

aparticular

discipline.

In this way, materials parallel other broad fields like energy, electronics,andmedical several

science, disciplines

where eachspans and is

markedby

INTRODUCTION

scientific ferment and societal influence.

Contd...

Page 5: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

RECENT RESEARCH TRENDS OF MATERIALS

SCIENCE RESEARCH

Page 6: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance
Page 7: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

NanomaterialsNanomaterials s cience and technology have sparked a lot of interest and anticipation in recent years.

Nanostructures are also suitable for computer simulation and modelling because their scale is small enough to allow for a high level of rigour in treatment.

In nanomaterials computations, the spatial scaling ranges from 1 to 1 mm, and the temporal scaling ranges from 1 fs to 1 s, with the precision limit exceeding 1 kcal mol-1.

Contd...

Page 8: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Two examples of recent successes and paradigm changes in this area are STM images of quantum dots (e.g., a germanium pyramid on a silicon surface) and the quantum corral of 48 Fe atoms arranged in a circle of 7.3 nm radius. [1].

However, tunable Superhydrophobicity from 3D Hierarchically NanoWrinkled MicroPyramidal Architectures was recently reported by Weixin Zhang and collaborators.

Contd...

Page 9: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

With a touch angle of 172° and a sliding angle of 5° in a steady “Lotus” state, excellent Superhydrophobicity is achieved due to multiscale structures.

Furthermore, the wear resistance and stability measurements indicate that the material will outperform in simulated extreme real-world applications [2].

Contd...

Page 10: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Table 1. Various nanomaterial synthesis and investigation approachesContd...

Page 11: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Energy materialsStabilising a consistent and renewable electricity

supply to satisfy the world’s rising energy demands is one of the biggest problems of the twenty-first century.

With the introduction of renewable energies, there is a new market for energy storage facilities.

Perovskite oxides are valuable functional materials with outstanding physical and chemical properties used in ferroelectric, piezoelectric, dielectric, energy conversion and storage, and other applications.

Contd...

Page 12: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, electrochemical water splitting, metal-air batteries, solid-state batteries, oxygen separation membrane, and solid oxide fuel cells are some of the newer uses of perovskite oxides.

While various behaviour descriptors for perovskite oxides have been published, such as the number of d electrons, Eg occupancy, bulk-forming energy, metal-oxygen covalency, and the location of the O–p band gravity core, there is still a need for the world and feasible reactivity descriptor.

Contd...

Page 13: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Furthermore, high-throughput DFT calculations, machine learning, and artificial intelligence h elp speed up exploring new materials.

Perovskite oxides’ drawbacks include low electronic conductivity at room temperature and instability in acidic environments.

Adding a certain volume of metals or creating composites with strong electronic conductors, such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, or Mxenes, is one efficient way to increase electronic conductivity.

Nanostructured materials with higher surface area and more open reactive sites usually perform better than bulk materials

Contd...

Page 14: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Biomaterials Biomaterials have a lot of potential for addressing

COVID-19’s problems.

Even though tissue engineering and regenerative

biomaterials, new research shows promisemedicine have long dominated the field of

inoffering transformative solutions to viral outbreaks [4].

Clinical perspectives are exchanged to identify current healthcare needs better than biomaterials technologies can address.

Contd...

Page 15: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

The most popular screening patient samples for current SARS-CoV-2 infection is nucleic acid testing via reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Nanostructures may be built to replicate living cells in a different nanomaterials-centred approach.

Nanodecoys constructed from cell membrane-derived materials are used to trapand sequester viruses.

Biomaterials provide several possibilities for overcoming the shortcomings ofcurrent clinical techniques (Figure 1).

Contd...

Page 16: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Figure 1. Treatment of COVID-19 using biomaterials.Contd...

Page 17: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Nanodecoys engineered to capture and sequester virus may be inserted directly intothe bloodstream (top left).

In contrast, drug-loaded nanoparticles can be formulated as inhalants to administer medications to lung tissue locally (top right).

Extracorporeal blood therapies may replenish O2 (bottom right), modulate immune signalling by removing or supplementing proinflammatory cytokines, or eliminate virus particles directly from the bloodstream (bottom left) [4]

Contd...

Page 18: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Polymers and plasticsPlasticisers have long been recognised for

producing lightweight plastics in various industries, including the automobile industry, medical devices, and consumer goods.

Because of the constantly evolving spectrum of bio-based and biodegradable polymers and rising interest in investing in the bioplastics market, global bioplastics output capacities are difficult to predict and are typically based on prediction.

Contd...

Page 19: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Natural polymers such as cellulose derivatives, thermoplastic starch (TPS), and their blends have the largest processing potential, as these components are increasingly replacing plastics in the lightweight film packaging industry.

Bio monomers-derived glucose fermentation or lignin fermentation have also been used to produce commonly used commodity polymers, including polyethene terephthalate, polyamide, and polypropylene, including polyethene terephthalate, polyamide, and polypropylene for the revival of Bio-PET, Bio-PA, and Bio-PP, respectively.

Using unaccounted biomass as a valuable resource and rationally engineering bioplastics to impart optimal versatility and recyclability would provide a sustainable bioplastics production value chain [5].

Contd...

Page 20: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Figure 2. A diagram depicting the technical methods used in the production of industrial bioplastics (shaded in blue: biodegradable polymers derived from oil-based resources).

Contd...

Page 21: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Metals and alloysStainless steel, titanium and its alloys, cobalt alloys, and other metals

and alloys have all been used clinically as implant components.

Still, contamination or inflammation caused by the implant is also one ofthe leading causes of implantation failure.

Antibacterial metals and alloys have recently gained popularity due to their long- term antibacterial stability, strong mechanical properties, and biocompatibility.

Contd...

Page 22: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Antibacterial stainless steel, antibacterial titanium alloy, antibacterial zinc and alloy, antibacterial magnesium and alloy, antibacterial cobalt alloy, and other antibacterial metals and alloys were defined in detail, as well as recent advances in the design and manufacture of antibacterial metal alloys containing various antibacterial agents.

Figure 3 indicates the number of publications included in Web of Science searches for antibacterial or antimicrobial study.

Contd...

Page 23: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Figure. 3. Web of Science was used to search for antibacterial scientific publications. a) antibacterial or antimicrobial in the topic, b) antibacterial metal, antibacterial steel, and

antibacterial titanium in the topic [6]Contd...

Page 24: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Ceramics Ceramic-based energy storage materials have significant

benefits over polymer energy storage materials, such as outstanding thermal stability, long life span, and cycle time.

Dielectric capacitors, which have the fastest charging/discharging rate and the highest power density for existing energy storage devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, and electrolytic capacitors, are allowing electric energy devices.

Contd...

Page 25: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) is a common piezoelectric material that enables the synthesis of many materials with a broad range of properties due to the formulation of solid solutions over a wide range of Zr: Ti ratios. Also, this system accommodates a wide range of dopants for modification of crystal structure.

This method also supports a wide variety of dopants for crystal structure alteration.

Because of its versatility, PZT has become very popular with users and researchers all over the world.

Some lead-free piezo material structures have been investigated, including BNT, BKT, KNN, and BZT-BCT. However, the advancement of lead-free piezo devices and their success with PZT devices is still in the early stages.

Page 26: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

FUTURE SCOPEIt is critical to developing cost-effective, cheaper, and safer nanomaterials that will provide efficient drug loading and managed drug release of certain difficult drug moieties for which no other viable delivery method exists.

the tremendous success,developing and controllable

approaches to the

Despite effective scalable

synthesis of nanostructured perovskiteoxides remains a challenge.

Contd...

Page 27: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

It is critical for commercialising effective oxygen electrocatalysts for electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies.

A multidisciplinary m ethodology involving conventional electrochemistry, experimental solid-state chemistry and physics, advanced characterisation, and multiscale computational modelling will be needed for future advances in this exciting area.

To the environmental risk of potential pandemics, masks made of biodegradable materials or used for several purposes must be designed.

Contd...

Page 28: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Cells and tissues are unaffected by antibacterial stainless steel, antibacterial titanium alloys, and antibacterial cobalt alloys.

Surface biomodification to increase or enhance cell response is alsoneeded, resulting in decreased antibacterial activity.

As a result, the choice of surface biomodification and its effect on cell reactionand antibacterial activity should be thoroughly investigated.

Contd...

Page 29: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

Even though many antibacterial pathways have been thoroughly explored so far, the antibacterial process remains a mystery.

As a result, the production and preparation of antibacterial metal alloys are also heavily reliant on element alloying, including the appropriate Cu or Ag element.

Page 30: Current state and Prospects of Materials Science Research - Phdassistance

CONTACT USUNITED KINGDOM+44-1143520021

INDIA+91-4448137070

[email protected]