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IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENANGGULANGAN LIQUID

LOADING PADA SUMUR GAS

KOMPREHENSIF

Oleh :

ASHAR ALFIANSYAH

NIM : 1101037

Diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk mendapatkan gelar Sarjana

Teknik pada Jurusan Teknik Perminyakan

PROGRAM STUDI S1 TEKNIK PERMINYAKAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI

BALIKPAPAN

2015

i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN

Laporan Komprehensif

IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENANGGULANGAN LIQUID

LOADING PADA SUMUR GAS

Oleh

ASHAR ALFIANSYAH

NIM : 1101037

Program Studi S1 Teknik Perminyakan

Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Minyak dan Gas Bumi Balikpapan

Disetujui pada Tanggal :

Ketua Jurusan Dosen Pembimbing

Karmila ST, MT. Ir. Yudiaryono, MT.

NIDN : 1120018101 NIDN : 1105045502

ii

KATA PENGANTAR

Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, yang telah melimpahkan rahmat dan

hidayah-NYA sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan Laporan Komprehensif

dengan judul “IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENANGGULANGAN

LIQUID LOADING PADA SUMUR GAS”.

Penulis menyadari dengan keterbatasan pengetahuan dan kemampuan

dalam menyusun laporan komprehensif ini. Walaupun demikian, penulisan

laporan ini dapat terselesaikan berkat adanya usaha, doa, bimbingan, serta

dorongan dari semua pihak. Untuk itu, dengan perasaan yang tulus penyusun

mengucapkan terimakasih kepada :

1. Bapak Lukman ST, MT selaku Ketua STT MIGAS Balikpapan

2. Ibu Karmila ST, MT selaku KAJUR S1 Teknik Perminyakan.

3. Bapak Ir. Yudiaryono,MT selaku pembimbing komprehensif.

4. Seluruh staf dan karyawan sekretariat STT MIGAS Balikpapan

5. Kedua orang tua dan kakak-kakak saya yang selalu memberikan

dukungan baik moril ataupun materil.

6. Dan kepada semua teman – teman seperjuangan.

Akhir kata, semoga Laporan ini bermanfaat bagi penyusun dan pembaca

serta semoga Tuhan Yang Maha Esa memberikan imbalan kebaikan kepada

semua pihak yang membantu tersusunnya laporan ini.

Balikpapan, Januari 2015

Ashar Alfiansyah

11.01.037

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL.......................................................................................... i

LEMBAR PENGESAHAN............................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR........................................................................................ iii

DAFTAR ISI....................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR GAMBAR.......................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL.............................................................................................. x

BAB I PENDAHULUAN............................................................................ 1

1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah........................................................... 1

1.2. Maksud dan Tujuan................................................................... 3

1.3. Batasan Masalah....................................................................... 3

1.4. Sistematika Penulisan............................................................... 4

BAB II KARAKTERISTIK RESERVOIR................................................. 6

2.1. Karakteristik Batuan Reservoir ................................................ 7

2.1.1. Komposisi Kimia Batuan Reservoir............................. 8

2.1.2. Sifat – Sifat Fisik Batuan Reservoir.............................. 9

2.2. Karakteristik Fluida Reservoir.................................................. 24

2.2.1. Sifat – Sifat Fisik Fluida Reservoir............................... 25

2.2.1.1. Sifat Fisik Gas................................................ 25

2.2.1.2. Sifat Fisik Minyak.......................................... 30

2.2.1.3. Sifat Fisik Air Formasi................................... 33

2.2.2. Komposisi Kimia Fluida Reservoir.............................. 35

2.2.2.1. Komposisi Kimia Hidrokarbon...................... 36

2.2.2.2. Komposisi Kimia Non-Hidrokarbon.............. 36

2.2.2.3. Komposisi Kimia Air Formasi....................... 38

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DAFTAR ISI

(Lanjutan)

Halaman

2.3. Kondisi Reservoir..................................................................... 40

2.3.1. Tekanan Reservoir........................................................ 40

2.3.2. Temperatur Reservoir................................................... 44

2.4. Jenis – Jenis Reservoir.............................................................. 45

2.4.1. Berdasarkan Perangkap Reservoir................................ 45

2.4.2. Berdasarkan Fasa Fluida Hidrokarbon.......................... 48

2.4.3. Berdasarkan Mekanisme Pendorong............................. 55

BAB III DATA-DATA PEMBORAN........................................................... 62

3.1. Drilling Log.............................................................................. 62

3.1.1. Drilling Time Log ........................................................ 62

3.1.2. Analisa Cutting ............................................................ 63

3.1.3. Mud Logging ............................................................... 64

3.2. Metode Coring.......................................................................... 65

3.3. Metode Well Logging............................................................... 65

3.3.1. Electric Log ......................................................... 67

3.3.1.1. Spontaneous Log ( SP Log) ................. 67

3.3.1.2. Resistivity Log ..................................... 69

3.3.2. Radioaktif Log..................................................... 71

3.3.2.1. Gamma Ray Log .................................. 71

3.3.2.2. Neutron Log.......................................... 72

3.3.2.3. Density Log .......................................... 74

3.3.3. Log Suara............................................................. 77

3.3.3.1. Density Log .......................................... 77

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DAFTAR ISI

(Lanjutan)

Halaman

BAB IV DATA-DATA PRODUKSI............................................................. 78

4.1. Drill Steam Test........................................................................ 78

4.2. Pressure Test............................................................................. 80

4.3. RateTest.................................................................................... 80

4.4. Production Test......................................................................... 81

BAB V WELL COMPLETION................................................................... 82

5.1. Pengertian Well Completion..................................................... 82

5.2. Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Well Completion............. 83

5.3. Jenis - Jenis Komplesi Sumur................................................... 83

BAB VI PEMBAHASAN............................................................................... 97

BAB VII KESIMPULAN................................................................................100

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

2.1. Karakteristik Reservoir ( Pettijohn, F. J., “Sedimentary

Rock”, 1957 )..................................................................................... 6

2.2. Porosity ( Fagan, Alphonsus, An Introduction to The

Petroleum Industry. 1991)................................................................. 9

2.3. Permeability ( Fagan, Alphonsus, An Introduction to The

Petroleum Industry. 1991 )................................................................ 12

2.4. Karakteristik Permeabilitas Relatif (Asep Kurnia Permadi,

2004) .......................................................................................... 15

2.5. Distribusi Fluida Sepanjang injeksi Air pada Batuan Water

wet ( John Lee, 1995 )........................................................................ 17

2.6. Sistem pembasahan batuan oleh air dan minyak ( John

Lee,1995 ) .......................................................................................... 20

2.7. Proses aliran system imbibisi dan drainage ( John Lee, 1995 )......... 22

2.8. Tekanan Dalam Pipa Kapiler (Ahmed, Tarek, Reservoir

Engineering_2E. 1946)...................................................................... 23

2.9. Perangkap Hidrokarbon ( Fagan, Alphonsus. An Introduction

to the Petroleum Industry.1991 )....................................................... 46

2.10. Diagram Fasa P vs T ( McCain, William D., Jr. The

Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 ).................... 50

2.11. Tabel klasifikasi Fluida Reservoir ( McCain, William D., Jr.

The Properties Of Petroleum Fluids Second Edition. 1993 )............. 51

2.12. Diagram Fasa Black Oil ( McCain, William D., Jr. The


2.13. Diagram Fasa Volatile Oil ( McCain, William D., Jr. The


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DAFTAR GAMBAR

(Lanjutan)

Gambar Halaman

2.14. Diagram Fasa Retrograte Gas ( McCain, William D., Jr. The


2.15. Diagram Fasa Wet Gas ( McCain, William D., Jr. The


2.16. Diagram Fasa Dry Gas ( McCain, William D., Jr. The


2.17. Mekanisme solution gas drive ( Asep Kurnia Permadi, 2004 )......... 57

2.18. Mekanisme gas cap drive (Asep Kurnia Permadi, 2004).................. 58

2.19. Mekanisme reservoir water drive ( Asep Kurnia Permadi,

2004 ) .......................................................................................... 59

3.1. Atlas Of Responses ( Inteq Baker Atlas 2015).................................. 63

3.2. Well Logging ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011) .......................................................................................... 66

3.3. Spontaneous Log ( Rangga Adi 2003 ).............................................. 67

3.4. Kondisi Lubang Bor ( Rangga Adi 2003 )......................................... 69

3.5. Resistivity Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well

Logging 2011).................................................................................... 70

3.6. Geometri Struktur Pori Batuan ( Horas 2006)................................... 70

3.7. Gamma Ray ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011) ................................................................................................. 72

3.8. Neutron Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011) ................................................................................................. 74

3.9. Density Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011) ................................................................................................. 76

3.10. Sonic Log ( Schlumberger 1927, Presentasi Well Logging

2011 ) ................................................................................................ 77

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

(Lanjutan)

Gambar Halaman

5.1. Open Hole Completion ( bayuebor 2009 )......................................... 85

5.2. Perforated Casing Completion ( bayuebor 2009 )............................. 87

5.3. Single Completion ( bayuebor 2009 )................................................ 89

5.4. Komplesi Zona Bergilir ( bayuebor 2009 )........................................ 90

5.5. Komplesi Single String - Single Packer ( bayuebor 2009 )............... 90

5.6. Komplesi Single String - Dual Packer ( bayuebor 2009 )................. 91

5.7. Komplesi Paralel String - Multiple Packer ( bayuebor 2009 )........... 91

5.8. Well Head ( Zulfa 2009 )................................................................... 94

5.9. Christmast Tree ( Zulfa 2009 )........................................................... 95

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman

2.1. Ukuran Porositas dan Kualitas........................................................... 11

2.2. Contoh Hasil Analisa Kandungan Air Formasi................................. 39

3.1. Warna Fluoresensi ............................................................................ 64

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