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Johannes Parlindungan SiregarPERENCANAAN WILAYAH DAN KOTA

UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

Blog : johannes.lecture.ub.ac.idE-mail : johannes@ub.ac.id

PENGANTAR

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MANUSIA

LINGKUNGAN

ENVIRONMENTAL POSSIBILISM

ENVIRONMENTAL PROBABILISM

MANUSIA DAPAT MEMILIH LINGKUNGAN DAN MEMILIKI BANYAK PELUANG DALAM MENGELOLA KARAKTER LINGKUNGAN

LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI “GIVEN NATURE” YG KEMUDIAN DAPAT MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU MANUSIA YG DIWADAHINYA

URBAN DESIGN : MEMANIPULASI

ACTIVITY

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AKTIVITAS PENTING

AKTIVITAS PILIHAN (OPTIONAL)

AKTIVITAS SOSIAL

AKTIVITAS YG DIWADAHI RUANG KOTA :

AKTIVITAS RUTIN, BEKERJA, BERSEKOLAH

DILAKUKAN SEC. SUKARELA, KEBEBASAN WAKTU, SESUAI KONDISI TEMPAT, CUACA MAUPUN SETTING LOKASI(berjalan-jalan santai, duduk-duduk di warung pinggirjalan, mengamati orang lewat)

TERJADI SPONTAN SBG KONSEKUENSI LANGSUNG DARI PERGERAKAN MANUSIA DAN KEBERSAMAAN DI SUATU ”TEMPAT” PADA SAAT YG SAMA (aktivitas komunal, saling mendengar, diskusi, dll)

MENDAPAT KONDISI LINGKUNGAN YG BAIK

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AKTIVITAS PUBLIK

AKTIVITAS SANTAI

AKTIVITAS PRIVATBERUBAH MENJADI

BERJALAN KAKI

HIBURAN

BERTUKAR INFORMASI

KONSUMSI

NONTON TV

KENDARAAN BERMOTOR

GAME ONLINE

INTERNET, HP

DELIVERY SERVICE

MENGUASAI SEBAGIAN BESAR RUANG PUBLIK

PENURUNAN

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BENTUK UMUM “PUBLIC SPACE”

EXTERNAL PUBLIC SPACE

INTERNAL PUBLIC SPACE

EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL “QUASI” PUBLIC SPACE

BAGIAN LAHAN YG BERADA DI ANTARA KEPEMILIKAN PRIVAT. (ALUN –ALUN, JALAN, TAMAN, PARKIR, dll)

RUANG PADA FASILITAS – FASILITAS UMUM DIMANA WARGA BEBAS MENGAKSES (PERPUSTAKAAN UMUM, MUSIUM, TERMINAL /STASIUN KENDARAAN UMUM, dll)

RUANG PUBLIK DENGAN KEPEMILIKAN “PRIVAT” (FASILITAS-FASILITAS KOMERSIAL, KAMPUS). PENGELOLA RUANG BEBAS MELAKUKAN PENGENDALIAN AKSES DAN PERILAKU.

AKSESIBILITAS

BENTUK UMUM BERDASARKAN POSISI “PUBLIC SPACE”

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AKSESIBILITAS

MORFOLOGI RUANG BERDASARKAN AKSESIBILITAS

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PUBLIK SEMI - PUBLIK

SEMI - PRIVATPRIVAT BIDDULPH. 2007

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Proceedings: Eighth International Space Syntax Symposium Santiago, PUC, 2012 

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This situation could be observed in detail in figure 7 where these two district parks are compared in terms of 

global and local integration values and location. 

 

 

Figure 6: Global integration (HHRn) and local integration (HHR3) PUBLIC

PRIVATE

Human-Environment

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• Users’ visits to a public space are the consequence of complex relational effects. • Objects in space are also perceived as relational effects made by many actants

such as shape, material, the location of an object, weather, temperature and user intention

Jihyun Kim. 2018. Designing multiple urban space: an actor-network theory analysis on multiplicity and stability of public space

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Measuring Public Space

13Vikas Mehta. 2007. A toolkit for performance measures of public space

Street as primary urban public space (Mehta, 2007)

Some indicators (not exclusively to streets):1) The Intensity of Use is determined by calculating the number of peopleengaged in some stationary and sustained activity at the block-segment. 2) The Intensity of Social Use is determined by calculating the number of people in groups of two or more engaged in some stationary and sustained social activity. 3) People’s Duration of Stay is calculated by studying how much time people spent in stationary activities at the block-segment. 4) The Temporal Diversity of Use is determined by calculating the use of the space over the duration of the day.5) The Variety of Use is determined by calculating the number of types of activities at the

block-segment. 6) The Diversity of Users is determined by calculating the variety in the gender and age of the people at each block-segment.

Simpson Diversity Index

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Dipergunakan untuk mengukur tingkat keberagaman dari komponen pemanfaatanruang, seperti: keberagaman pengguna ruang dan keberagaman aktifitas

Emily Talen.2008. Design for diversityVikas Mehta. 2007. A toolkit for performance measures of public space

A = the diversity indexN = the total number of individuals (or housing units or households) for all categoriesni = the number of individuals (or other characteristic) in the ith category.

Prinsip dasar: Ruang public seharusnya mampu mendukung keanekaragaman (diversity) terkaitpengguna dan aktifitas sesuai PUBLIK yang dimiliki.

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Emily Talen.2008. Design for diversity

Measuring Public Space

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Public Space

Dimensions

Inclusiveness

Meaningful activities

ComfortSafety

Pleasurability

Kebebasan dalam mempergunakanruang tanpa dibatas perbedaan gender, ras, agama, ideology, kondisi fisik, dll.

Space becomesmeaningful when it is useful, when it supports activities that are symbolically and culturally meaningful to individuals or groups, and when it supports sociability• safety is a person’s ability to feel

safe from the social and physical factors—from crime and traffic

• A feeling of safety may be achieved by the constant presence of people and ‘eyes on the street’ where the space becomes self-policed

Environmental conditions and the satisfaction of basic physiological needs

• Spaces become pleasurable when they are imageable, have a high level of spatial quality and sensory complexity

• Sense of place

Vikas Mehta. 2014. Evaluating Public Space

17Evans et al. 2018. Evaluating the quality of mid-sized city parks: a replication and extension of the Public Space Index

Measuring Public Space

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Faktor yang mendorong penggunaan pedestrian way

Norfizah Abdul Rahman. 2018. Creating Good Social Behavior through User-friendly Street Environment

Design Approach

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Gurer et al. 2017. Evaluation on Living Public Spaces and Their Qualities – Case Study from Ankara Konur, Karanfil and Yüksel Streets

KEPUSTAKAAN

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CARMONA, et al. 2003. PUBLIC PLACE, URBAN SPACE.SUNARYO. 2004. PENATAAN RUANG PUBLIK YANG MEMADUKAN POLA AKTIVITAS DENGAN PERUBAHAN FISIK KAWASAN. Seminar dan Lolakarya Nasional Ikatan ArsitekIndonesia. Jakarta. 21 – 22 Juli 2004BIDDULPH. 2007. INTRODUCTION TO RESIDENTIAL LAY OUT

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