Copyright © 2021 pubrica. All rights reserved 1

Biomaterials for Medical Implantation-

Research Strategies

Dr. Nancy Agnes, Head, Technical Operations, Pubrica, sales@pubrica.com

Keywords:Biomaterials,Polymers, implantable, risk,

research, patents, publications, Biomaterial-

associated infections

I. INTRODUCTION

Biomaterials and medical instruments are widely

researched and incorporated, which greatly increase

the quality of human life, thanks to the rapid

advancement of biomedical science and practice. The

market for biomaterials and medical devices has risen

dramatically as the world's population ages.With the

introduction of novel implant materials, including

drug-carrying stents for regenerative medicine, joint

repair materials, prostheses, and embedded detection

sensors, the global biomaterial market is expanding

exponentially. It is probable to advance at a CAGR of

13.7 percent over 2021, reaching a net worth of $130

billion [1].This article discusses biomedical advances

and innovations that help researchers to find the

research gaps.

II. EMERGENCE OF BIOMATERIALS

Polymers are used in facial prostheses, tracheal

tubing, kidney and liver sections, heart components,

and other biomedical instruments. The ultrahigh

molecular weight polyethene (UHMWPE) is used in

the knee, hip, and shoulder joints. The polymers used

in healthcare are mentioned in Table 1.

Table 1.Polymers commonly used in biomedical applications

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Various artificial implants to replace damaged tissues

have been created in recent decades, and various

implantable biosensors have been used to:

1. Maintain functional physiology by monitoring the

human body, including weakened and malfunctioning

tissues that artificial substitutes can replace, such as

vitreous bodies and joints,[2]

2. Orthopedic implants that facilitate osseointegration

and fracture healing[3]

3.Pacemakers are electronic devices that help to

regulate irregular heart rhythms[4], stents used to

treat arterial stenosis [5]

4. Nerve probes are used to treat and control the

electroencephalogram of patients with brain disorders

[6] and

5. Patients with chronic diabetes may use continuous

blood glucose monitors to track their blood glucose

levels in real-time [7].

The concept of a biomaterial's intrinsic essence has

evolved significantly over time, a process that is still

in progress (Figure. 1).

Figure. 1. Evolution of biomaterials

III. ANTIMICROBIAL STRATEGY EXTERNAL

CLINICAL TRANSLATION: MAIN

COLLABORATORS AND PLAYERS

Rapid biomaterial production is fraught with risk.

Most sensors and implants are recognised as "alien

substances" by the host. The immune system

activates dynamic signal cascades during wound-

healing procedures, resulting in fibrosis collagen

encapsulation on the implanted materials and

instruments followed by complications. This process

is known as the foreign-body response or foreign-

body reaction (FBR), the host body's natural

protective mechanism. Still, it largely affects the

function of implanted materials. The foreign-body

response, also known as the foreign-body reaction

(FBR), is the host body's normal defence

mechanism.Yet, it has a vastoutcome on how

embedded materials work.The core collaborators and

players in the backend translation of new, enhanced

antimicrobial techniques treating biomaterial-

associated infections (BAI) through a wide range of

applications and patient conditions collaborate in a

dynamic relationship that periodically results in new,

licenced drugs.The so-called "family of Ps," which

includes patentors (academic and business

researchers), manufacturers, payers, patients and

clinicians, healthcare suppliers, and policymakers,

Copyright © 2021 pubrica. All rights reserved 3

collaborate with regulatory authorities and legal

bodies to decide the emerging innovations that arise

and remain clinically adopted.In this respect, these

bodies' interactive functions in restricting and

generating medical device advances are summarised

in Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.Antimicrobial methods for biomaterial implants: key collaborators and players in the creation

and downstream translation

IV. ISSUES WITH THE PARTNERS AND

PLAYERS

In a perfect future, biomaterial implant and system

inventions, as well as breakthrough improvement

techniques, will be patented before publishing,

allowing industry incentives to convert these ideas

into goods with appropriate rights, exclusivities, and

benefit motives.Preclinical and clinical results from

novel commercial devices are first submitted to

regulatory authorities for clear, direct advice,

allowing marketing and patient use

clearance.However, 21st-century practises tending to

be new since they are subject to significant and

distinct stresses from various outlets, many of which

complicate accurate, dependable, and timely

technological advancement for the benefit of patients.

One of the factors influencing is:

- There is a lot of demand to print academic findings

quickly because there aren't many incentives to patent

until they're published. However, for BAI victims,

inventions released before successful patent

protection are useless.Without certain intellectual

property rights and related necessary assurances for

return-on-investment to push this translational phase,

the industry would be reluctant to gamble new

strategies into growth and future production.

Copyright © 2021 pubrica. All rights reserved 4

V. FUTURE RESEARCH ON BIOMATERIALS

The interesting developments on the horizon for

biomaterials are listed below:

Immunomodulation is the process of adjusting the

immune response to a certain degree. Type 1 diabetes

is an infectious disease in which the body's immune

system attacks the pancreas' insulin-producing

cells.Immunomodulating biomaterials could help cure

this illness.Researchers recently created an injectable

synthetic biomaterial that reversed type 1 diabetes in

non-obese diabetic mice, paving the way to create

better a biodegradable platform to monitor the

disease's impact.

Injectable biomaterials produce biomedical agents

such as medicine, genetic materials, and proteins in

greater numbers. They allow for targeted

transmission while preventing immune system

absorption, allowing for the treatment of various

conditions. Injectable biomaterials from engineered

and naturally derived materials are being studied to

treat bone defects, tumours, and heart attacks.

Orthopaedic implant technology has come a long way

in only a few decades, and we now have implants that

perform well in a wide range of patients over long

periods. However, the new generation of implants is

not without flaws, and long-term success remains a

concern, particularly in younger, high-demand

patients. Hopefully, further advancements in implant

technology research would lead to translational

clinical applications for better implants.

Antimicrobial strategy implementation for

biomaterial implants and devices would be more

efficient and impactful if the relationships and

alignment of overall translational techniques,

procedures, and rules of engagement between the

various main collaborators and participants are

improved. This would more effectively deliver

technological advances to patients and clinicians

where they are desperately required.The existing

"free form" method for medical product invention,

which reacts erratically to various myopic inputs and

goals from several different individual partners and

players and lacks a robust inventory and alignment of

priorities, is neither effective nor productive in

resolving these pressing clinical needs to minimise

BAI.

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