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BAHASA INGGRIS IIBAHASA INGGRIS IIBAHASA INGGRIS IIBAHASA INGGRIS II

compilcompilcompilcompiled by : Demetria,ed by : Demetria,ed by : Demetria,ed by : Demetria, S.Pd,S.Pd,S.Pd,S.Pd, MMMM.Pd.Pd.Pd.Pd

ASMI DESANTA ASMI DESANTA ASMI DESANTA ASMI DESANTA

YOGYAKARTAYOGYAKARTAYOGYAKARTAYOGYAKARTA

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CONTENT

UNIT 1

Caught in the rush

Grammar: Adverbs of quantity and indirect questions from wh-questions

UNIT 2

It’s the greatest

Grammar: Comparison

UNIT 3

World Travel

Grammar: Future – be going to and will

UNIT 4

Life changes

Grammar: Describing changes with the present tense, comparative, the past tense and the present perfect

UNIT 5

Someone’s past information and recent past event

Grammar: Past tense, past continuous tense and present perfect continuous

UNIT 6

Body language, gestures and meanings

Grammar: Modals and adverbs

UNIT 7

Technology, instruction and advice

Grammar: Gerund, infinitive and infinitive complement

UNIT 8

World Knowledge

Grammar: Passive

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UNIT 9

Consequences

Grammar: Conditional sentence

UNIT 10

Speculation, predicament and hopes

Grammar: Unreal conditional sentence

UNIT 11

Request, excuses and invitation

Grammar: Reported speech

UNIT 12

Entertainment, movies and books; reaction and opinion

Grammar: Participles as adjectives and relative clauses

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UNIT 1

Caught in the rush

Grammar: Adverbs of quantity and indirect questions from wh-questions

I. Read and practice this conversation

Lynn : Why is there never a bus when you want one?

Sam : Good question. There aren’t enough buses on this route.

Lynn : Sometimes I feel like writing a letter without the paper

Sam : Good idea. You should say that we need more subway lines, too.

Lynn : Yeah. There should be more public transportation in general.

Sam : And fewer cars! There’s too much traffic.

Lynn : Say, is that our bus coming?

Sam : Yes, it is. But look. It’s full!

Lynn : Oh, no! Let’s go and get a cup of coffee. We can talk about this letter I’m going to write.

II. Grammar Focus

A." Adverbs of quantity

With countable nouns With uncountable nouns

There are too many cars.

There aren’t enough buses.

We need more subway lines.

There should be fewer cars.

There is too much traffic.

There isn’t enough parking.

We need more public transportation.

There should be less pollution.

B." Indirect questions from Wh-questions

Wh-questions with be Indirect questions

•"Where is the bank? •"Where is the taxi stand?

•"Could you tell me where the bank is? •"Do you know where the taxi stand is?

Wh-questions with do or did Indirect questions

•"How often does the bus leave for the city?

•"When did Flight 566 arrive?

•"Can you tell me how often the bus leaves for the city?

•"Do you know when Flight 566 arrived?

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•"What time does the duty-free shop open?

•"Do you know what time the duty-free shop opens?

III. Exercises

A." Complete these statements about transportation problems. Then compare with a partner. (More than one answer may be possible)

1." There are ………………..police officers. 2." There should be …………..cars in the city. 3." There is ……………….public transportation. 4." The government needs to build …………………..highways. 5." There should be …………………noise. 6." We should have …………………….public parking garages. 7." There is ………………….air pollution in the city. 8." There are …………………..cars parked on the streets.

B." Complete these statements about the city you are living in. Then compare with others.

1." The city needs to provide more………………… 2." We have too many ……………………. 3." There’s too much ……………………… 4." There should be fewer ……………………….. 5." We don’t have enough ………………………….. 6." There should be less …………………………

C." Choose the right option :

1. There should be police officers.

2. There are cars on the street.

3. There is crime in the city.

4. There should be pollution in São Paulo.

5. We need public transportation in our city.

6. There enough buses in our country.

7. There enough parking in Rio de Janeiro.

8. There should be noise near my house.

9. There are motorcycles on the streets.

10. There is crime in Recife.

11. We don't have signs on the highways.

12. There should be subway lines in São Paulo.

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13. There enough parking lots in the city.

14. When you drive at 6:00 pm, there is traffic.

15. There aren't enough bicycle in the parks.

16. I always buy newspaper in a news .

17. I hate driving with traffic . D."Write indirect questions using these Wh-questions.

1." How much does a newspaper cost?

2." Where is the nearest cash machine?

3." What time do the restaurants open?

4." How often do the buses come?

5." Where can you get a good hamburger?

6." How late do the nightclubs stay open?

UNIT 2

It’s the greatest

Grammar: Comparison


Alan : Gee, Los Angeles is a terrible place to live! I’m glad I live in New York.

Sue : Come on! L.A. is much nicer than New York! It’s warmer, it’s cheaper, and it’s cleaner.

Alan : Cleaner? Are you kidding? Anyway, I love New York. It’s much more exciting than L.A. And the people are friendlier, too.

Sue : Well, you can have New York!

Alan : And you can have L.A.!

II. Grammar Focus

Comparisons with adjectives

Adjective Comparative Superlative

Large larger the largest

Big bigger the biggest

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Warm warmer the warmest

Dry drier the driest

Beautiful more beautiful the most beautiful

Famous more famous the most famous

Good better the best

Bad worse the worst

Crowded more crowded the most crowded

Expensive more expensive the most expensive

Modern more modern the most modern

Hot hotter the hottest

Is New York bigger than Miami?

Yes, New York is bigger. / No, Miami is bigger

Is New York more expensive than Miami?

Yes, New York is more expensive. / No, Miami is more expensive

Which is warmer, Miami or New York?

Miami is warmer than New York.

Which country is larger, Canada or China?

Canada is larger than China.

Which country is the largest, Germany, Canada or China?

Germany is the largest country of the three.

III. Exercise

A." Complete these conversations.

X: Is Vancouver ………………….(cool) in winter ………………Toronto?

Y: No, Toronto is much ………………….(cold). It’s great for skiing.

X: Which city is ……………………………(interesting), London or Paris?

Y: I think London is ………………………….(exciting) ………………… Paris.

It has great shopping and good night life. But I love Paris in the spring.

X: Is Singapore …………………(large) ……………….. Hong Kong?

Y: No, it isn’t. Hong Kong is …………………(big) and ……………………..(crowded). But you know, they are both fascinating places.

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X: Which is …………………….(cheap), Tokyo or Taipei?

Y: Taipei is much ……………………(cheap) …………….. Tokyo.

B." Write questions using the words in the brackets with superlative. Then answer them.

1." (what/large/city/your country?) What is……………………………………………...

2." (who/famous singer/your country?) Who is….……………………………………….

3." (what/popular sport/your country?) What ……………………………………………

4." (what/expensive thing/you/ever bought?) ..…………………………………………..

5." (what/happy day/your life?) What was ………………………………………………

6." (what/stupid thing/ you/ever done?) …………………………………………………

7." (who/intelligent person/you know?) …………………………………………………

8." (who/beautiful person/you know?) …………………………………………………..

C." Write about the most interesting place or thing that you have ever visited or had in your life.Tell to the class about that.

D." Play games

How much do you know?

Listen and answer knowledge questions. And then check your answer. How many did you get correct?

UNIT 3

World Travel

Grammar: Future with be going to and will; modals for necessity and suggestions


Becky : I’m so excited! We have two weeks off! What are you going to do?

Martha : I’m not sure. I guess I’ll just stay home. Maybe I’ll catch up on my reading. What

Correct

15 Perfect! Brilliant! You should be a teacher.

11 – 14 Very good! Do you watch lots of TV game shows?

7 – 10 Just OK. How often do you go to the library?

0 – 6 Oh, dear! You should never be on a quiz show.

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about you? Any plans?

Becky : Well, my parents have rented a condominium in Florida. I’m going to take long walks

along the beach everyday and do lots of swimming.

Martha : Sounds great!

Becky : Say, why don’t you join us? We have plenty of rooms.

Martha : Do you mean it? I’d love too!

II. Grammar Focus

A." Future with be going to and will

Where are you going to go?

What are you going to do?

I’m going to go to the beach.

I’m not going to take a vacation.

I’m going to do lots of swimming

I’m not sure. Maybe I’ll catch

up on my reading.

I probably won’t take a vacation

this year.

I guess I’ll just stay home.

I don’t know. I think I’ll go camping

B." Modals for necessity and suggestion

Describing necessity Giving suggestion

You have to get a passport. You’d better talk to your father.

You need to take money. You ought to go with someone.

You must get a visa for some countries. You should take warm clothes.

For some countries, you don’t have to get any You shouldn’t go by yourself.

vaccinations.

III. Exercise

A." Complete the conversation with appropriate forms of be going to or will.

X: Have you made any vacation plans?

Use be going to+verb to talk about plans you’ve decided on. Use will+verb with maybe,

probably, I guess, or I think to talk about possible plans before you’ve made a decision

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Y: Well, I’ve decided on one thing. I ………………….go camping.

X: That’s great! For how long?

Y: I ……………………be away for a week. I only have five days of vacation.

X: So, when are you leaving?

Y: I’m not sure. I …………………probably leave around the end of May.

X: And where …………you …………………go?

Y: I haven’t thought about that yet. I guess I ……………….go to one of the national parks.

X: That sounds like fun.

Y: Yeah. Maybe I ………………….go hiking and do some fishing.

X: ………………you ………………rent a camper?

Y: I’m not sure. Actually, I probably…………………. rent a camper. It’s too expensive.

X: ……………..you ……………..go with anyone?

Y: No, I need some time alone. I ………………………travel by myself.

B." Give advice to someone who is thinking a vacation abroad. 1." …………………get a passport. 2." …………………pack too many clothes. 3." …………………buy a round-trip plane ticket. 4." …………………make hotel reservations. 5." …………………get a vaccination. 6." …………………check the weather. 7." …………………carry lots of cash. 8." …………………get traveler’s checks. 9." …………………take a lot of luggage. 10."…………………check on visas. 11."…………………carry your wallet in your back pocket. 12."…………………take identification with you.

C." Write about the trip you plan. The following questions will help you. 1." How are you going to spend your next vacation? 2." Are you going to go anywhere? 3." When are you going to take your vacation? 4." How long are you going to be on your vacation? 5." What are you going to do? 6." Is anyone going to travel with you?

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D."Work in pair. You won some money in a lottery. Plans an interesting trip around the world with your partner. Discuss these questions with your partner. •" Where are we going to start from? •" What time of the year should we travel? •" How are we going to travel? •" What countries and cities should we visit? •" How long should we spend in each place? •" Where are we going to stay? •" What are we planning to do and see there? •" How much money do we have to take? •" What do we need to take with us?

UNIT 4

Life changes

Grammar: Describing changes with the present tense, comparative, the past tense

and the present perfect


Brian : Diane Grant? I haven’t seen you for ages.

Diane : Brian! How have you been?

Brian : Pretty good. Say, you’ve really changed!

Diane : Oh, well, I’ve lost some weight. And my hair is longer than before.

Brian : Well, you look great! How are you?

Diane : I’m doing really well. I got married about three years ago. I have got two kids now.

Brian : That’s terrific.

II. Grammar Focus

Describing changes

With the present tense With the comparative

I have two kids now My job is more stressful

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I don’t smoke anymore My hair is longer than before

With the past tense With the present perfect

I got married

I moved to a new city

I’ve lost weight

I’ve grown a mustache

III. Exercise

A." How have you changed in the last five years? Check (√) the statements that are true for you. If a statement isn’t true, give the correct information.

1." I’ve changed my hairstyle. 2." I’ve dressed differently now. 3." I’ve lost weight. 4." I moved into my own apartment. 5." I got married 6." I’m more outgoing than before. 7." I don’t go to many parties anymore. 8." My life is easier now.

B." Complete the word map with the phrases from the list. Then add two more examples to each category.

cut my hair short things that do aerobics changes eat more vegetables get dressed up get up early grow a beard learn to swim learn to type quit smoking speak English start cooking wear contact lenses

C." Have you changed a lot in your life? Think about that. Write two paragraph about the changes in your life using the present tense, comparative, the past tense and the present perfect.

Appearance

Health Skills/Abilities

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UNIT 5

Someone’s past information

Grammar: Past tense, past continuous, present perfect continuous


Rachel : How did you get into modeling, Stacy?

Stacy : Well, when I graduated from drama school, I moved to Los Angeles to look for work as an actress. I was going to auditions every day, but I never got any parts. And I was running out of money

Rachel : So, what did you do?

Stacy : I got a job as a waitress in a seafood restaurant. While I was working there, a customer offered me some work as a model. Within a few weeks I was modeling full time.

Rachel : Wow, what a lucky break!

II. Grammar Focus

A." Past continuous vs simple past

Past continuous: for an action in progress

in the past

Simple past: for a completed action

I was going to auditions every day

I was running out of money

While I was working at the restaurant

but I never got any parts.

when I got a job as a waitress.

a customer offered me a job as a model.

B." Present perfect continuous

We use the present perfect continuous for action that began in the past and continue into the

present.

What have you been doing lately?

I’ve been working two jobs for the last six months.

Have you been saving money?

No, I haven’t been saving any money. I’ve been spending it.

It’s raining now. It began to rain 2 hours ago and it’s still raining.

It has been raining for 2 hours.

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III. Exercise

A." Complete these sentences. 1." George …………………..(fall) off the ladder while he …………………..(paint) the

ceiling. 2." Last night I ……………………(read) in bed when suddenly I ……………………..(hear)

a scream. 3." ……………………….(you/watch) television when I phoned you? 4." Ann ………………………..(wait) for me when I …………………………(arrive). 5." I ……………………..(not/drive) very fast when the accident ……………….….(happen) 6." I ……………………..(break) a plate last night. I ………………………(do) the washing-

up when it …………………….(slip) out of my hand. 7." Tom .………..…….(take) a photograph of me while I …………………………(not/look) 8." We …………………….(not/go) out because it ………………………..(rain) 9." What ………………………….(you/do) at this time yesterday? 10."I ……………………(see) Carol at the party. She ………………………..(wear) a really

beautiful dress.

B." Complete these conversations below. 1." X: What …………you ……………………(do) these days?

Y: Well, I …………………………(spend) my free time at the beach.

2." X: …………..you ………………….(work) part time this year?

Y: Yes, I have. I …………………………(work) at a shoe store on the weekends.

3." X: How ………….you …………………….(feel) lately?

Y: Great! I ………………………….(get) a lot of sleep, and I …………………….(eat) too much fat or sugar.

4." X: …………..you …………………..(get) enough exercise lately?

Y: No, I haven’t. I …………………………..(go) to the gym often enough.

C." Complete sentence to say how long something has been happening. 1." Kevin is studying. He began studying three hours ago.

He ………………………………………………for three hours.

2." I’m learning Spanish. I started learning Spanish in December.

I …………………………………………………since December.

3." Ann is looking for a job. She began looking six months ago.

……………………………………………………for six months.

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4." Mary is working in London. She started working there on January 18th.

……………………………………………………since January 18th.

5." George smokes. He started smoking five years ago.

……………………………………………………for five years.

D."What interesting things you can find about your classmates? Ask these questions and others of your own. •" Have you been doing anything exciting recently? •" Are you studying anything right now? •" How long have you been studying it? •" Have you met anyone interesting lately? •" Who is your best friend? How did you meet? •" Where were you living ten years ago? •" Did you like it there? What do you remember about it? •" Have you been saving up to buy anything special? •" How long have you been saving up for it?

UNIT 6

Body language, gestures and meanings

Grammar: Modals and adverbs


Jack : Have you met Raj, the student from India?

Susan : No, I haven’t

Jack : Well, he seems really nice, but there’s one thing I noticed. He moves his head from side to side when you talk to him. You know, like this.

Susan : Maybe it means he doesn’t understand you.

Jack : No, I don’t think so.

Susan : Or it could mean he doesn’t agree with you.

Jack : Actually, people from India sometimes move their heads from side to side when they agree with what you’re saying.

Susan : Oh, so that’s what it means!

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II. Grammar Focus

Modals and Adverbs

Modals Adverbs

It might/may mean he doesn’t understand you. Maybe it means he doesn’t understand you.

It could mean he doesn’t agree with you. Perhaps it means he doesn’t agree with you.

It must mean he agrees with you. That probably means he agrees with you.

Permission, obligation and prohibition

Permission Obligation Prohibition

You can turn left here

You’re allowed to pass here

You have to turn left here

You’ve got to pass here

You can’t turn left here

You aren’t allowed to pass here

III. Exercise

A."What do you think these gestures mean? Make a statement about each gesture using the meaning from the list.

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B." What do you think these international signs mean? Match each sign with the correct meaning. Then classified them which one is permission, obligation, or prohibition.

a." No playing ball

b." Wear hard hats

c." Swimming allowed

d." Drinking water

e." Do not touch

f." Fasten seat belts

g." No bicycles

h." Recyclable

C." Games

Think one meaning that you can communicate with gestures or expressions. Write your meaning on slip of paper. Put all the papers in one pile. Each student takes one slip of paper. Take turns acting out the meaning. Can other guess what you are trying to communicate?

UNIT 7

Technology, instruction and advice

Grammar: Infinitive and gerunds; infinitive complements

I. Read and practice the conversation

Gabriel: Hey! Nice computer! What’s this for?

Alex : That’s a modem. It’s used to connect the computer to the phone line, so I can send faxes and access the internet.

Gabriel: So you can go on-line and all that?

Alex : Yes. And I use the World Wide Web for finding information on astronomy, movies- just about anything

Gabriel: Sports? Cars?

Alex : Uh-huh. And I can exchange information with people, too. I belong to a “shat group” on astronomy.

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Gabriel: Hmm. I just use my computer to write letters and reports.

Alex : Why don’t you get on the internet? It’s not really expensive.

Gabriel: Maybe I will. It sounds like fun

II. Grammar Focus

A." Infinitives and gerunds can describe a use or a purpose

Infinitives Gerunds

•"A modem is used to connect computers to phones

•"Computers are often used to write letters •" I can use the World Wide Web to find

information

•" It’s used for connecting computers to phone

•"They’re often used for writing letters •" I can use it for finding information

B." Infinitive complements •" Don’t forget to turn it on •" Remember to press the “send” button •" Make sure to recharge the batteries •" Try not to drop it •" Be sure to pay the phone bill every month

III. Exercise

A."What do you know about this technology? Complete the phrases in column A with the information from column B. ( More than one answer is possible)

A B

1." Satellites are used………………………. Study the world’s weather 2." Robots are something used…………….. Read the latest weather report 3." You can use a fax machine ……………. Perform dangerous task 4." People use the internet…………………. Make a photocopy 5." DNA fingerprinting is used……………. Identify criminals 6." CD-ROM is sometimes used…………... Store an encyclopedia

Transit television programs Make travel reservations Transmit telephone calls

B." Look at these pieces of advice. Which ones refer a microwave oven (M)? a hairdryer (H)? a laptop computer (L)? (More than one answer is possible)

1." Unplug it after you use it ………. 5. Don’t spill drinks on it……… 2." Save your work often…………. 6. Don’t put metal in it………. 3." Recharge the batteries often……… 7. Don’t heat closed containers in it………. 4." Keep it away from water……….. 8. Don’t expose it to extreme heat or cold….

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C." Choose a useful item that you own. Imagine you’re going to lend it to a friend. Write a paragraph giving advice on how to use it.

UNIT 8

World Knowledge

Grammar: Passive with and without by


Guide : We are now approaching the famous Statue of Liberty, which has welcomed visitors to New York Harbor since 1886

Andre : Wow. Look at it.

Jason : Incredible, isn’t it?

Guide : The statue was given to the United States by the people of France. It was designed by the French sculptor Bartholdi.

Andre : It’s really huge. Do we get to go inside?

Jason : Of course. We can climb the stairs all the way up to the crown.

Andre : Stairs? There’s no elevator?

Jason : Not to the top. But it’s just 142 steps!

II. Grammar Focus

A." Passive with by (simple past)

The passive changes the focus of a sentence. For the simple past use the past of be + past participle.

Active Passive

•"Bartholdi designed the Statue of Liberty. •"The French gave the statue to the U.S. in

1886.

•"The Statue of Liberty was designed by Bartholdi.

•"The statue was given to the U.S. by the French in 1886.

B." Passive without by (simple present)

Active Passive

•"They use the yen in Japan. •"The yen is used in Japan.

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•"They speak both Spanish and Portuguese in Latin America.

•"They grow a lot of coffee in Brazil.

•"Both Spanish and Portuguese are spoken in Latin America.

•"A lot of coffee is grown in Brazil.

C." The other passive forms of the present and past tenses and modals

Active Passive

Present continuous

Ann is cleaning the room at the moment.

The room is being cleaned by Ann at the moment.

Past continuous

I was cleaning the room when my father arrived.

The room was being cleaned when my father arrived.

Present perfect

The police have arrested a criminal.

A criminal has been arrested by the police.

Past perfect

Somebody had broken the window.

The window had been broken.

Present future

The director will make a decision next week

A decision will be made by the director next week.

Modal

We can solve this problem.

People should send their complaints to the head office.

This problem can be solved.

Their complaints should be sent to the head office.

III." Exercise A." Do you know who created these popular works? Match the phrases in column A with the

appropriate information from column B.

A B

1. The Mona Lisa………. a. was directed by Steven Spielberg 2. The opera La Boheme….. b. was written by Harper Lee 3. The novel To Kill a Mockingbird…. c. was recorded by Michael Jackson 4. The film E.T.- The Extra-Terrestrial…. d. was composed by Giacomo Pucini 5. The album Thriller…… e. was painted by Leonardo da Vinci

B." Change these sentences into passive sentences with by. 1." Thomas Edison invented the phonograph in 1877.

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2." The bill includes service. 3." The Simpsons co. will hold next year’s congress in San Francisco. 4." Gabriel Garcia Marquez wrote One Hundred Years of Solitude in 1971. 5." Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web in 1989. 6." Woo Paik produced the first digital HDTV (high-definition television) in 1991. 7." Brian told me that somebody had attacked and robbed him in the street. 8." Tom burnt his hands when he was cooking the turkey. 9." People don’t use this road very often. 10."Look! somebody is going to steal the hand phone.

C." Complete the sentences. Use the passive of these verbs.

record cancel make up manufacture use

teach knock speak wear drive

1." Both French and English ………………………………..in Canada. 2." English ………………………………...in elementary school in Singapore. 3." All flights …………………………..because of fog yesterday. 4." Both cars and computers …………………………………..in Korea. 5." That building is dangerous. It ought to …………………..down before it falls down. 6." Mexico ………………………………………of 31 states and federal district. 7." Kimonos ……………….sometimes………………………….in Japan. 8." The bath is the currency that ………………………………….in Thailand. 9." I didn’t realize that our conversation ……………………………….. 10."I don’t mind driving but I prefer to …………………..by other people.

D." Change these questions in active into questions in passive form! 1." Will the company distribute the announcements? 2." Didn’t they return those books to the library? 3." Can Hanson climb that coconut tree? 4." Does the secretary open the mails every morning? 5." Are you looking for the lost thing?

UNIT 9

Consequences

Grammar: Conditional sentence with if -clauses


Jody : Ugh! I feel awful. I really have to stop smoking.

Luis : So why don’t you quit?

Jody : Well, if I quit, I might gain weight!

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Luis : A lot of people do, but……..

Jody : And if I gain weight, I won’t be able to fit into any of my clothes!

Luis : Well, you can always go on a diet.

Jody : Oh, no. I’m terrible at losing weight on diets. So if my clothes don’t fit, I’ll have to buy new ones. I’ll have to get a part-time job and……….

Luis : Listen, it is hard to quit, but it’s not that hard. You should try to stop smoking just what I did.

II. Grammar Focus

Conditional sentences with if-clauses

Conditional sentences can describe situations and consequences that are possible in the present or future.

Possible situations (with present tense

forms)

Consequences (with future modals will,

may, or might)

If I quit smoking,

If I gain weight,

If my clothes don’t fit,

If you get a part-time job,

I might gain weight.

I won’t be able to fit into my clothes.

I’ll have to buy new ones.

You may be able to save some money.

“Be able to” is often used with other modals: will or won’t be able to, may be able to, might be

able to.

III. Exercise

A."Match the clauses in column A with the appropriate information in column B.

A B

1. If you eat less sugar,…….. a. you may feel more relax

2. If you walk to work every day,…… b. you might feel healthier

3. If you don’t get enough sleep,……. c. you’ll stay in shape without joining a gym

4. If you own a pet,…….. d. you’ll have more money to spend on yourself

5. If you don’t get married,…… e. you won’t be able to stay awake in class

B." Change the verbs in the brackets with the correct verb forms

1." If Harry (invite) me, I will probably go to the party.

2." You will have enough time to eat lunch if you (get) here early.

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3." If Betty (not, like) this sweater, can she exchange it at the store?

4." If I (decide) to join the club, I will fill out this application blank.

5." We will get there before midnight if the train (arrive) on time.

6." Father will surely get wet today if he (not, take) his umbrella.

7." If you (not, be) more careful in the future, you’ll have an accident.

8." The teacher will get angry at me if I (make) that mistake again.

C." Games – Chain Story

The teacher starts with saying a question. For example: “What will you do if your boyfriend proposes you?” Then a student has to continue the sentence. “If my boyfriend proposes me, I will …………” Then other students will continue the story.

UNIT 10

Speculation, Predicament and Hopes

Grammar: Unreal conditional sentence, past modals


Edwin : Look at this. Some guy found $750,000! He returned it and the owner thanked him with a phone call.

Kate : You’re kidding! If I found $750,000, I wouldn’t return it so fast.

Edwin : Why? What would you do?

Kate : Well, I’d go straight to Las Vegas and try my luck in the casinos. I could double the money in a day and keep $750,000 for myself.

Edwin : You might also lose it all in a day. And then you could go to jail.

Kate : Hmmm. You’ve got a point there.

II. Grammar Focus

A." Unreal conditional sentence with if-clauses

Unreal conditional sentences describe imaginary situations and consequences in the present.

What would you do if you found $750,000?

Imaginary situations (with simple past

form)

Imaginary consequences (with modals

would, might, or could)

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If I found $750,000 I wouldn’t return it so fast.

I might go to Las Vegas.

I could double it in a casino.

I wouldn’t go straight to the police.

B." Past modals

Use would have or should have + past participle to talk about imaginary or hypothetical actions

in the past.

•" What would you have done? I would have told her to leave.

I wouldn’t have done anything.

•" What should I have done? You should have spoken to her about it.

You shouldn’t have lied about it.

III. Exercise

A."Match the clauses in column A with the information from column B(More than one answer may be possible)

A B

1. If I found a burglar in my home,…… a. I’d break a window to get in

2. If I saw someone shoplifting,…. b. I could think of ways to invest it.

3. If I found $75,000 on the street,… c. I might not tell anybody.

4. If the teacher gave me an A on a test by d. I’d probably call the police.

mistake,… e. I guess I might spend it.

5. If I locked myself out of my house,… f. I might tell a salesclerk.

6. If I won a million dollars in a lottery,… g. I’d run to my neighbors for help.

h. I could get a set of keys from my friend.

B." Read the situations in column A. What would have been the best thing to do? Choose one suggestion from column B.

A B

1. The teacher borrowed my favorite book a. You should have spoken to him about it.

and spilled coffee all over it. b. I would have told her that I’d prefer

2. I saw a classmate cheating on an exam. something else.

So I wrote her a letter about it. c. I would have spoken to the teacher

3. A friend of mine always has messy hair. about it.

So I gave him a comb for his birthday. d. I would have waited for the owner to

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4. I hit someone’s car when I was leaving come back.

a parking lot. Luckily, no one saw me. e. You should have exchanged it for

5. My aunt gave a cigarette lighter for my something else.

birthday. But I don’t smoke. So I gave f. I wouldn’t have said anything.

it back to her. g. You should have warned her not to do

it again.

h. You should have left a note for the

owner.

IV. Writing

Write a letter to your partner about a problem that you face nowadays, ask for her advice. You will also get a letter from your friend who will write a reply to it.

UNIT 11

Request and excuses

Grammar: Reported speech


Daniel : Hi, Amanda.

Amanda : Oh, Daniel! I was going to call you tonight.

Daniel : What’s up?

Amanda : Well, it’s about Albert’s birthday on Saturday, and I’m planning a surprise party

for him.

Daniel : Sounds like fun.

Amanda : The idea is this: I’ve asked Albert to go to a movie with me at six. After the

movie, we go back to his apartment. So be at Albert’s by 7.30 to wait for us and

surprise him. His roommate will let you in.

Daniel : OK. Great.

Amanda : Uh, can you bring some soda? Oh and don’t say anything to Albert.

Daniel : No problem.

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II. Grammar Focus

A." Reported speech: request

Notice how requests are reported with the verb ask, tell, and say + the infinitive.

Original request Reported request

Can you bring some soda? She asked me to bring some soda.

She told me to bring some soda.

She said to bring some soda.

Don’t say anything to Albert. She asked me not to say anything to Albert.

She told me not to say anything to Albert.

She said not to say anything to Albert.

B." Reported speech

If the reporting verb is in the past, the statement reported is usually changed to a form of the past.

Direct statement Reported statement

I’m not feeling well.

There is an office party.

I visit my mother every Saturday.

I made a date with Jim.

I have planned a trip.

I can’t come

I will be out of town.

I may go out with a friend.

She said (that) she wasn’t feeling well.

there was an office party.

she visited her mother every Saturday.

she had made a date with Jim.

she had planned a trip.

He told me (that) he couldn’t come

he would be out of town.

he might go out with a friend.

Notice that the adverb of time will change.

here – there last night – the night before

this – that tomorrow – the day after

these – those next week – the following week

now – then next year – the following year

today – that day a month ago – a month before

yesterday – the day before ago – before

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III. Exercise

A." Here are some things Amanda told the surprise-party guests. Write down her requests using ask, tell, or say.

1." Meet at Albert’s apartment at 7.30 on Saturday. 2." Can you bring your favorite CD’s? 3." Don’t bring any food. 4." Can you give a small gift for Albert? 5." Don’t spend more than $10 on the gift. 6." Be careful not to say anything about the party to him.

B." Cindy is having a party. Look at these excuses. Change them into reported speech.

1." Cindy : There is a party on Saturday at my house. 2." Bob : I’m leaving town for the weekend. 3." Mary : I’ve been invited to a wedding on Friday. 4." Jim : I promised to help Joanne move. 5." Ann : I can’t come because I have the flu. 6." John : I’ll be studying for the test all weekend. 7." Susan : I have to meet someone at the airport. 8." David : I may have to work that night.

IV. Whispering Games

The students stand in line in their group. The teacher will give a sentence to the first student and the first student will say in reported speech to the second student, the second student will change the reported speech into the direct sentence, and so on, until the last student.

UNIT 12

Entertainment, movies and books; reaction and opinion

Grammar: Participles as adjective and relative clause


Paul : Do you want to see a movie tonight?

Caro : Hmm. Maybe. What’s playing?

Paul : How about the new Steven Spielberg film? I hear it’s really exciting.

Carol : Who’s Steven Spielberg?

Paul : You know. He is the person who directed Jaws, E.T., and Jurassic Park.

Carol : Oh, Jurassic Park was boring. The book by Michael Crichton was fascinating, but

the movie was terrible.

Paul : So, do you have any plan?

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Carol : Well, I’m interested in that new Johnny Deep movie. It’s a romance. It’s been playing

for about a month.

Paul : Hmm. That sounds good. I’ve never seen him in a romance, and I think he’s

a wonderful actor.

II. Grammar Focus

A." Participles as adjectives

Present participles Past participles

•" The new Johnny Depp movie sounds interesting

•" The movie Jurassic Park was boring. •" The book was fascinating.

•" I’m interested in the new Johnny Depp movie.

•" I was bored by Jurassic Park. •" I was fascinated by the book.

B." Relative Clause

Use who or that for people Use which or that for things

It’s about a guy. He joins a corrupt law firm.

� It’s about a guy who/that joins a corrupt law firm.

It’s a thriller. It stars Tom Cruise.

� It’s a thriller which/that stars Tom Cruise.

III. Exercise

A." Complete these sentences. 1." Denzel Washington is a very ………………...actor. (interest) 2." I find nature film ……………………(fascinate) 3." I’m not ……………………… in horror movies. (interest) 4." I’m ………………… with watching television. (bore) 5." I loved Winona Ryder’s latest movie. I was …………………that it didn’t do better.

(amaze) 6." I thought Jurassic Park was an ………………..book. (excite) 7." I’m ………………………by Michael Crichton’s novels. (fascinate) 8." It’s ……………………….they don’t make many westerns these days. (surprise)

B." Rewrite B’s answers using relative clauses. Then practice with a partner. 1." A: Have you heard of West Side Story?

B: Yes, it’s a musical. It has some wonderful songs. 2." A: What’s the movie Schindler’s List about?

B: It’s about an Australian man. He saved the lives of many people during

World War II.

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3." A: Did you enjoy reading Stephen King’s latest novel?

B: Yes! It was a great book. It was hard to put down.

4." A: Who was George Gershwin?

B: He was an American composer. He wrote lots of fantastic music.

5." A: Who is Steven Spielberg? B: He’s a movie director. He’s made some of the most successful movies of all time.

C." In this exercise you have to write these sentences again together with a relative clause.

1." She showed me a photograph of her son. Her son is a policeman

2." We decided not to swim in the sea. The sea looked rather dirty.

3." The new stadium will be opened next month. It holds 90,000 people.

4." John is one of my closest friends. I have known John for eight years.

5." The postman was late this morning. He is nearly always on time.

6." Jack looks much nicer without his beard. His beard made him look much older.

7." I looked up at the moon. The moon was very bright that evening.

8." I went to see the doctor. The doctor told me to rest for a few days.

9." Thank you for your letter. I was very happy to get your letter.

10." The storm caused a lot of damage. Nobody had been expecting the storm.

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