assad alami gangguan psikologis berupa narsistik

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Page 1: Assad Alami Gangguan Psikologis Berupa Narsistik

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00:36 - Masyarakat Bima Trauma Aksi Brutal Densus 88

Kajian Utama Nasional Internasional Analisis Kristologi Konspirasi Mercusuar Contents Wallpaper Islami

Home Daftar Isi About Our Ideology Islam vs Kufr Recent Comment Stay Connected

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Selangkah Lagi, Suriah Menjadi Negara Islam

Rezim Assad Serang Rumah Sakit

WFP: 2,5 Juta Rakyat Suriah Butuh Bantuan Pangan WFP: 2,5 Juta Rakyat SuriahButuh Bantuan Pangan

Pejabat NATO Sebut Lebih Banyak Rudal Yang Ditembakkan Di Suriah

Internasional

Wawancara eksklusif dengan komandan Jabhah Nushrah setelah penaklukanbandara m iliter Taftanaz

 Assad Akui Diri Patriotik dan Ancam Is rael dan AS , Ternyata Ia Sembunyi Di Kapal

Selam Rusia

 Allahu Akbar!! Danie l Streich, Dedengko t Musuh Islam kini Masuk Isl am

Habib Munzir Al-Musawa Terkagum-kagum dengan Akhlak Dubes AS

Lebih dari 600 imigran Muslim Rohingya ditahan dalam sebuah s erangan olehotoritas musyrik Thailand

 Aljazair memberikan Prancis izin gunakan wilayah udaranya untuk menyerang Mali

Di Paris Rakyat Berteriak Menentang Perkawinan Hom oseksual

Ekspor Senjata Israel Mencapai $7 Milyar 

Makam Kuno Digali dari Kuil Firaun di Luxor 

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Com pass with inclinometer 

Military model

InclinometerFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

An inclinometer or clinometer is an instrument for measuring angles of slope (or tilt), elevation or depression of an

object with respect to gravity. It is also known as a tilt meter , tilt indicator , slope alert , slope gauge, gradient meter ,

gradiometer , level gauge, level meter , declinometer , and pitch & roll indicator . Clinometers measure both inclines

(positive slopes, as seen by an observer looking upwards) and declines (negative slopes, as seen by an observer looking

downward) using three different units of measure: degrees, percent, and topo. Astrolabes are inclinometers that were used

for navigation and locating astronomical objects.

In aircraft, the "ball" in turn coordinators or turn and bank indicators is sometimes referred to as an inclinometer.

Contents

1 Histor y

2 Use3 Accuracy

4 Sensor technology

5 Specific functions

6 See also

7 References

8 External links

History

Early inclinometers include examples such as Well's inclinometer, the essential parts of which are a flat side, or base, on which it stands, and a hollow disk just half 

filled with some heavy liquid. The glass face of the disk is surrounded by a graduated scale that marks the angle at which the surface of the liquid stands, with

reference to the flat base. The zero line is parallel to the base, and when the liquid stands on that line, the flat side is horizontal; the 90 degree is perpendicular to the

base, and when the liquid stands on that line, the flat side is perpendicular or plumb. Intervening angles are marked, and, with the aid of simple conversion tables, the

instrument indicates the rate of fall per set distance of horizontal measurement, and set distance of the sloping line.

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2/5en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclinometer 

Measuring slope with a clinometer 

One of the more famous inclinometer installations was on the panel of the Ryan NYP "The Spirit of St. Louis" - in 1927 Charles Lindbergh chose the lightweight

Rieker Inc P-1057 Degree Inclinometer (http://www.riekerinc.com/M-Inclinometer/ryan_nyp_spirit_of_st.htm) to give him climb and descent angle information.

Use

A forester using a clinometer makes use of basic trigonometry. First the observer measures a straight-line distance  D from

some observation point O to the object. Then, using the clinometer, the observer measures the angle a between O and the top

of the object. Then the observer does the same for the angle b between O and the bottom of the object. Multiplying D by the

tangent of a gives the height of the object above the observer, and by the tangent of b the depth of the object below theobserver. Adding the two of course gives the total height ( H ) of the object.

The forester stands at a fixed distance from the base of the tree. The most common distances in the United States are 50 feet

(15.24 m), 66 feet (20.12 m), and 100 feet (30.48 m).[1] To obtain accurate readings it is best to use taped measured

distance instead of paced distances. For the most accurate readings it is best to use a distance that is not less than the height

of the tree being measured.,[2] that is, that the clinometer will measure an angle less than 45° (100%).

The observer sights to the top of tree, if total height is the desired measurement. If the desired measurement is merchantable height – that is, the height producing

timber that can be sold – the observer sights to a point on the tree above which no more merchantable timber is found. Note that the observer should use slopesexpressed as a percent. The observer then measures to the bottom of the tree, again using percents. The observer than takes the slope to the top of the tree, and

subtracts the slope of the bottom of the tree from it. Note that when the ground slopes downwards, the observer will record a negative slope to the base of the tree.

When this is subtracted from the slope to the top of the tree, it is actually being added. These numbers are then divided by 100, and multiplied by the distance from

the tree.

There is still some error in this number, because the distance is measured along the ground, and is not the actual horizontal distance. By standing at the base of the

tree, the observer should mark his/her eye level. They then stand back, and find the slope expressed as a degree to the mark. This is the slope of the ground. By

taking the cosine of that number, and multiplying it with the previous number, the observer will calculate the height of the tree.

The observer must always measure a leaning tree so that the tree is leaning to the left or right. Measurements should never be taken with the tree leaning toward or away from the observer because this will affect their accuracy because of foreshortening.

The clinometer is also commonly used by foresters to obtain the percent slope of terrain. This measurement is based on the same trigonometric principles described

above. Slope measurements, however, require that both observer and target be a constant height above the ground; thus a range pole or height of measurement (HI)

stick is often used in slope measurements.

Accuracy

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Clinometer designed to enable indirect

fire capability with a Vickers machine

gun circa 1918

Digital protractor 

Certain highly sensitive electronic inclinometer sensors can achieve an output resolution to 0.0001 degrees - depending on the technology and angle range, it may be

limited to 0.01º. An inclinometer sensor's true or absolute accuracy (which is the combined total error), however, is a

combination of initial sets of sensor zero offset and sensitivity, sensor linearity, hysteresis, repeatability, and the

temperature drifts of zero and sensitivity - electronic inclinometers accuracy can typically range from .01º to ±2º

depending on the sensor and situation. Typically in room ambient conditions the accuracy is limited to the sensor linearity

specification.

Sensor technology

Tilt sensors and inclinometers generate an artificial horizon and measure angular tilt with respect to this horizon. They are

used in cameras, aircraft flight controls, automobile security systems, and speciality switches and are also used for platform

leveling, boom angle indication, and in other applications requiring measurement of tilt.

Important specifications to consider when searching for tilt sensors and inclinometers are the tilt angle range and number of 

axes (which are usually, but not always, orthogonal). The tilt angle range is the range of desired linear output.

Common implementations of tilt sensors and inclinometers are accelerometer, Liquid Capacitive, electrolytic, gas bubble in

liquid, and pendulum.

Tilt sensor technology has also been implemented in video games. Yoshi's Universal Gravitation and Kirby Tilt 'n' 

Tumble are both built around a tilt sensor mechanism, which is built into the cartridge. The PlayStation 3 and Wii game

controllers also use tilt as a means to play video games.

Inclinometers are also used in civil engineering, for example to measure the inclination of land to be built upon.

Some inclinometers provide an electronic interface based on CAN (Controller Area Network). In addition, those

inclinometers may support the standardized CANopen profile (CiA 410). In this case, these inclinometers are compatible

and partly interchangeable.

Specific functions

Inclinometers are used for:

Determining latitude using Polaris (in the Northern Hemisphere) or the two stars of the constellation Crux (in the Southern Hemisphere).

Determining the angle of the Earth's magnetic field with respect to the horizontal plane.

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4/5en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclinometer 

The Well's clinometer 

Simple clinometer 

Showing a deviation from the true vertical or horizontal.

Surveying, to measure an angle of inclination or elevation.

Alerting an equipment operator that it may tip over.[1] (http://www.riekerinc.com/TiltIndicators.htm)

Measuring angles of elevation, slope, or incline, e.g. of an embankment.

Measuring slight differences in slopes, particularly for geophysics. Such inclinometers are, for instance, used for 

monitoring volcanoes, or for measuring the depth and rate of landslide movement.

Measuring movements in walls or the ground in civil engineering projects.[2]

(http://www.slopeindicator.com/instruments/inclin-intro.html)

Determining the dip of beds or strata, or the slope of an embankment or cutting; a kind of plumb level.Some automotive safety systems.

Indicating pitch and roll of vehicles, nautical craft, and aircraft. See turn coordinator and slip indicator.[3]

(http://www.riekerinc.com/SlipIndicators.htm)

Monitoring the boom angle of cranes and material handlers.

Measuring the "look angle" of a satellite antenna towards a satellite.

Adjusting a solar panel to the optimal angle to maximize its output.

Measuring the slope angle of a tape or chain during distance measurement.

Measuring the height of a building, tree, or other feature using a vertical angle and a distance (determined by taping or 

 pacing), using trigonometry.Measuring the angle of drilling in well logging.

Measuring the list of a ship in still water and the roll in rough water.

Measuring steepness of a ski slope.

Measuring the orientation of planes and lineations in rocks, in combination with a compass, in structural geology.

Measuring Range of Motion in the joints of the body

Measuring the inclination angle of the pelvis. Numerous neck and back measurements require the simultaneous use of 2 inclinometers.[4]

(http://www.quickmedical.com/fabrication-enterprises/121057-baseline-digital-inclinometer.html)

Measuring the angles of elevation to, and ultimately computing the altitudes of, many things otherwise inaccessible for direct measurement.

Measuring and fine tuning the angle of line array speaker hangs. Confirmation of the angle achieved via use of a laser built into the remote inclinometer.

See also

Grade (slope)

Liquid capacitive inclinometers

Theodolite

il

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Tiltmeter 

References

1. ^ Avery, T.E. and Burkhart, H.E. “Height Measurement Principles.” Forest Measurements 5th Edition. McGraw-Hill, 2002. 154.

2. ^ Williams, M.S., Bechtold, M.A., and V.J. LaBau. 1994 five instruments for measuring tree heights: an evaluation. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18: 76-82

External links

Inclinometer Blog - General Inclinometer Information (http://www.inclinometer.blogspot.com)

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inclinometer&oldid=525906112"

Categories: Surveying instruments Dimensional instruments Inclinometers Forestry

This page was last modified on 1 December 2012 at 19:30.

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