Animal Welfare, Ethics in Animal Welfare, Ethics in Animal Use & Animal Animal Use & Animal

RightsRights

Aida L T RompisAida L T Rompis

Background of Animal WelfareBackground of Animal Welfare

Keberhasilan manusia domestikasi hewan liar Keberhasilan manusia domestikasi hewan liar seperti: kuda, sapi, domba, kambing, kucing, seperti: kuda, sapi, domba, kambing, kucing, anjing, burung, dll.anjing, burung, dll.

Masyarakat di Lembah Indus percaya bahwa Masyarakat di Lembah Indus percaya bahwa mereka akan menjelma menjadi hewan setelah mereka akan menjelma menjadi hewan setelah mati, karenanya hewan hidup harus dihargai dan mati, karenanya hewan hidup harus dihargai dan diperlakukan dgn baik sebagaimana mereka diperlakukan dgn baik sebagaimana mereka memperlakukan sesama manusiamemperlakukan sesama manusia

Nabi Ibrahim memerintahkan pengikutnya untuk Nabi Ibrahim memerintahkan pengikutnya untuk mentaati peraturan pemotongan hewan mentaati peraturan pemotongan hewan berdasarkan pertimbangan agar hewan mati berdasarkan pertimbangan agar hewan mati segera dan darah harus ke luar untuk memastikan segera dan darah harus ke luar untuk memastikan faktor higienis pemotongan dan konsumsi daging faktor higienis pemotongan dan konsumsi daging hewan (dilarang mengkonsumsi darah karena hewan (dilarang mengkonsumsi darah karena darah mengandung banyak sumber penyakitdarah mengandung banyak sumber penyakit

INVERTEBRATINVERTEBRATAA

VERTEBRATAVERTEBRATA

Earth-Earth-wormwormss

InsectInsectss

Cepha-Cepha-lopodslopods

FishFish ReptileReptiless

BirdsBirds MammalMammalss

NociceptorsNociceptors

presentpresent?? -- ?? - / ?- / ? - / ?- / ? ++ ++

CentralCentral

Nervous SystemNervous System-- -- ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

Nociceptors connected to Nociceptors connected to central nervous systemcentral nervous system -- -- ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

Endogenous opiods Endogenous opiods

presentpresent++ ++ ?? ++ ++ ++ ++

Responses modified byResponses modified by

analgesicsanalgesics?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ++ ++

Response to damagingResponse to damaging

Stimuli analogous to Stimuli analogous to humanhuman

-- -- ++ ++ ++ ++ ++

The philosophy behind animal welfare & ethics ………….”pain”

THE FIVE FREEDOMS OF ANIMAL THE FIVE FREEDOMS OF ANIMAL WELFAREWELFARE

Freedom from thirst, hunger and Freedom from thirst, hunger and malnutritionmalnutrition

Freedom from discomfort due to Freedom from discomfort due to environmentenvironment

Freedom from pain, injury and diseaseFreedom from pain, injury and disease Freedom from fear and distressFreedom from fear and distress Freedom to express its normal Freedom to express its normal

behaviour behaviour

Indicators for assessing welfare:Indicators for assessing welfare:

Injuries, health status, nutritional Injuries, health status, nutritional status, signs of thermal stress status, signs of thermal stress (shivering, sweating, panting)(shivering, sweating, panting)

Physiological signs of stress (heart Physiological signs of stress (heart rate, level of stress hormone, rate, level of stress hormone, immune systemimmune system

Changes in normal behaviouralChanges in normal behavioural

Animal Welfare OrganizationsAnimal Welfare Organizations Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

(SPCA), 1824, Royal Society for the Prevention of (SPCA), 1824, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA, 1840)Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA, 1840)

Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876 (England)Cruelty to Animals Act of 1876 (England) ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of ASPCA (American Society for the Prevention of

Cruelty to Animals (1866)Cruelty to Animals (1866) Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (USA, 1966)Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (USA, 1966) Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care Guide for Laboratory Animal Facilities and Care

(1963, 1965, 1968, 1972, 1978)(1963, 1965, 1968, 1972, 1978) Animal Welfare Act (USA, 1976) (cattle, goats, Animal Welfare Act (USA, 1976) (cattle, goats,

sheep, not chickens)sheep, not chickens) The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory

Animals (1996), translated to Indonesian (2002)Animals (1996), translated to Indonesian (2002)

Ethics in Animal UseEthics in Animal Use

The ethical use of animals for The ethical use of animals for scientific purposes and teachingscientific purposes and teaching

All uses of animals in research and All uses of animals in research and teaching have to be assesses and teaching have to be assesses and approved by a committee (ACUC)approved by a committee (ACUC)

All uses of animals are subject to the All uses of animals are subject to the basic philosophies of animal ethics, basic philosophies of animal ethics, the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, the 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement)Refinement)

Animal RightsAnimal Rights

Ethical code of minority groups Ethical code of minority groups opposed to any use of animals (in opposed to any use of animals (in research, teaching, consumption)research, teaching, consumption)

Consists of reasonable to very active, Consists of reasonable to very active, vocal, violent groupsvocal, violent groups

Animal right have had influence Animal right have had influence towards improvement of animal towards improvement of animal welfarewelfare

Abolish all use of animlas/exploitation of Abolish all use of animlas/exploitation of animals (Tom Regan)animals (Tom Regan)

Reject all discrimination based on Reject all discrimination based on spesies, race, sex (Peter Singer)spesies, race, sex (Peter Singer)

Protest against organizations which Protest against organizations which continuous to support fox hunting, wild continuous to support fox hunting, wild bird shooting, wild rabbit huntingbird shooting, wild rabbit hunting

Cruelty to animals in the modern world Cruelty to animals in the modern world (factory farming, laboratory animals)(factory farming, laboratory animals)

Animal welfare is about how animals cope Animal welfare is about how animals cope with the situation they are in (Five freedom of with the situation they are in (Five freedom of animal welfare)animal welfare)

Animal Ethics are rules and principles Animal Ethics are rules and principles governing humane treatment of animals (The governing humane treatment of animals (The 3R)3R)

Animal Rights are set of belief of minority Animal Rights are set of belief of minority groups about how and why humans groups about how and why humans should/should not use animals for their own should/should not use animals for their own benefitbenefit

Welfare and Ethics are intimately linked, Welfare and Ethics are intimately linked, whereas animal rights are opposed and whereas animal rights are opposed and different from welfare and ethicsdifferent from welfare and ethics

However, the animal rights movement has However, the animal rights movement has major contribution to the improvement in major contribution to the improvement in animal welfare animal welfare

All living organisms are created by All living organisms are created by GodGod

Man has the highest Man has the highest intelligenceintelligence of of all organismsall organisms

Man is the Man is the keeperkeeper and and responsibleresponsible for all that lives on earthfor all that lives on earth

So all living beings (all God’s So all living beings (all God’s creature) should be treated with creature) should be treated with respectrespect

““The greatness of a nation and its The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be measured moral progress can be measured by the way its animal are by the way its animal are treated”treated”

Mahatma GandhiMahatma Gandhi