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ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN BERITA DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA REPORTER BERBASIS WEB DI PT.
REPUBLIKA MEDIA MANDIRI
SKRIPSI
Oleh
Eragilang Muhammad Hastapatria 1100019355 Mustakim 1100020041
Kelas / Kelompok : 07 PET / 03
Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta 2011
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN BERITA DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA REPORTER BERBASIS WEB DI PT. REPUBLIKA
MEDIA MANDIRI
SKRIPSI
diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat
untuk gelar kesarjanaan pada Jurusan Ilmu Komputer
Program Studi Teknik Informatika Jenjang Pendidikan Strata-1
Oleh
Eragilang Muhammad Hastapatria 1100019355 Mustakim 1100020041
Kelas / Kelompok : 07 PET / 03
Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta 2011
iii
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN BERITA DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA REPORTER BERBASIS WEB DI PT.
REPUBLIKA MEDIA MANDIRI
SKRIPSI
Disusun Oleh :
Eragilang Muhammad Mustakim
1100019355 1100020041
Disetujui Oleh
Pembimbing
Jurike V Moniaga
Kddsn : D1798
Universitas Bina Nusantara
Jakarta
2011
v
PERNYATAAN
Dengan ini kami,
Nama : Eragilang Muhammad Hastapatria
NIM : 1100019355
Nama : Mustakim
NIM : 1100020041
Judul Skripsi : Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan Penilaian Kinerja Reporter Berbasis Web di PT. Republika Media Mandiri
Memberikan kepada Universitas Bina Nusantara hak non-ekslusif untuk menyimpan, memperbanyak, dan menyebarluaskan skripsi karya kami, secara keseluruhan atau hanya sebagian atau hanya ringkasannya saja, dalam bentuk format tercetak atau elektronik.
Menyatakan bahwa kami, akan mempertahankan hak exclusive kami, untuk menggunakan seluruh atau sebagian isi skripsi kami, guna pengembangan karya di masa depan, misalnya dalam bentuk buku, perangkat lunak, ataupun sistem informasi.
Jakarta, 02 Januari 2011
Eragilang Muhammad H Mustakim
xii
PRAKATA
Puji Syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena dengan kuasanya
penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan karya ilmiah yang berjudul analisis dan
perancangan sistem laporan pengiriman berita dan penilaian kinerja reporter berbasis
web di PT. Republika Media Mandiri.
Karya ilmiah ini adalah salah satu syarat akademis untuk gelar kesarjanaan bagi
mahasiswa program Strata satu dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan di Universitas Bina
Nusantara. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar – besarnya kepada :
1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Harjanto Prabowo, MM. selaku Rektor Universitas Bina
Nusantara yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan kepercayaan kepada kami
untuk menyelesaikan skripsi kami.
2. Bapak Ir. Sablin Yusuf, M.Sc., McompSc. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu
Komputer Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah mendukung kami dalam
menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
3. Bapak Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom. selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik
Informatika Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan pengarahan
kepada kami dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
4. Ibu Yen Lina Prasetio, S.Kom, M.CompSc. Selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Teknik
Informatika Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan pengarahan
kepada kami dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini.
5. Kedua orang tua serta semua saudara yang telah memberi dukungan secara
materi dan moral.
xiii
6. Ibu Jurike V Moniaga S.Kom, M.T. sebagai pembimbing yang telah
memberikan bimbingan, semangat, kritik dan sarannya dalam penulisan karya
ilmiah ini.
7. Seluruh dosen Universitas Bina Nusantara khususnya jurusan Teknik
Informatika yang telah membimbing dan mengajar selama kami kuliah.
8. Bapak Johar Arif, Bapak Afif, Staff, dan Karyawan PT. Republika Media
Mandiri yang telah membantu dalam pengumpulan data dan ide perancangan
sistem.
9. Anis Risenti dan Farah Mahmud sebagai sahabat spesial yang telah memberi
dukungan dan semangat selama masa penulisan.
10. Bapak Alex, Dimas Rijkiansyah, dan Iman Mukhlis yang telah membantu dalam
pemberian ide bagi penulisaan ini.
11. Seluruh teman–teman angkatan 2011 yang telah berjuang bersama selama masa
kuliah ini.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini masih terdapat
beberapa kesalahan oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang
membangun. Semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi yang membacanya.
Jakarta, Januari 2011
Penulis
ix
DAFTAR ISI
Halaman Judul Luar ................................................................................................ i
Halaman Judul Dalam ............................................................................................. ii
Halaman Persetujuan Hard Cover .......................................................................... iii
Halaman Pernyataan Dewan Penguji ..................................................................... iv
Halaman Pemberian Hak Cipta Non Eksklusif
dari Mahasiswa ke Universitas Bina Nusantara ...................................................... v
Abstrak .................................................................................................................... vi
Prakata ..................................................................................................................... vii
Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................. ix
Daftar Tabel ............................................................................................................ xv
Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................... xix
Daftar Lampiran ...................................................................................................... xxiii
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1
1.2 Ruang Lingkup ...................................................................................... 2
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat .............................................................................. 3
1.3.1 Tujuan ......................................................................................... 3
1.3.2 Manfaat ....................................................................................... 3
1.4 Metodologi ............................................................................................ 4
1.5 Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 5
x
BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI
2.1 Sistem .................................................................................................... 7
2.1.1 Sistem Informasi ......................................................................... 7
2.1.2 Sistem Berbasis Web ................................................................... 9
2.2 Software Komputer ............................................................................... 10
2.2.1 System Software ......................................................................... 11
2.2.2 Web Application .......................................................................... 11
2.3 Software Engineering ........................................................................... 12
2.4 Procces Model ....................................................................................... 14
2.4.1 The Waterfall Model ................................................................... 14
2.5 Web Engineering ................................................................................... 15
2.5.1 Method ........................................................................................ 15
2.5.2 Tools ............................................................................................ 15
2.6 Interaksi Manusia dengan Komputer .................................................... 16
2.7 Basis Data ............................................................................................ 19
2.7.1 Hierarki Data .............................................................................. 19
2.7.2 Masalah Pendekatan File Data ................................................... 20
2.7.3 Membuat Basis Data ................................................................... 21
2.7.4 Sistem Manajemen Basis Data ................................................... 22
2.7.5 Komponen DBMS ....................................................................... 22
2.7.6 Model Data Logis ........................................................................ 24
2.7.7 Model Basis Data Hierarkis ....................................................... 24
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2.7.8 Model Basis Data Jaringan .......................................................... 25
2.7.9 Model Basis Data Relasional ...................................................... 26
2.8 Proses Model ......................................................................................... 27
2.8.1 DFD dan ERD ............................................................................ 27
2.9 HTML ................................................................................................... 31
2.9.1 Javascript ..................................................................................... 31
2.9.2 CSS .............................................................................................. 31
2.10 PHP ..................................................................................................... 32
2.10.1 MySQL ...................................................................................... 33
2.10.2 PHPMyAdmin ........................................................................... 33
2.10.3 Dreamweaver ............................................................................ 33
2.11 Berita ................................................................................................... 34
2.11.1 Klasifikasi Berita ....................................................................... 35
2.11.2 Jenis-jenis Berita ....................................................................... 36
2.11.3 Kriteria Umum Nilai Berita ...................................................... 39
2.11.4 Teknik Penulisan Berita ............................................................ 42
2.12 Pengertian Feature .............................................................................. 45
2.12.1 Jenis-jenis Feature .................................................................... 45
2.13 Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan ............................................................... 46
2.13.1 Konsep Penilaian Kinerja ....................................................... 47
2.13.2 Kriteria (ukuran) Tingkat Kinerja ........................................... 48
2.13.3 Jenis Sistem Penilaian Kinerja ................................................ 49
2.13.4 Penetapan Penilai .................................................................... 51
xii
2.13.5 Sistem Penilaian dan Penghargaan Berbasis Kinerja ............. 52
2.13.6 Metode Pengukuran ................................................................ 55
2.13.7 Fungsi Penghargaan ................................................................ 56
2.13.8 Bentuk Penghargaan Positif dan Negatif ................................ 56
2.14 AHP ..................................................................................................... 58
BAB 3 ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN
3.1 Riwayat Perusahaan. ............................................................................. 59
3.1.1 PT. ABDI BANGSA ................................................................... 61
3.1.2 Visi dan Misi ............................................................................... 61
3.1.3 Jurnalisme yang Khas ................................................................. 62
3.1.4 Perkembangan Republika ............................................................ 63
3.2 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan ............................................................ 64
3.2.1 Pembagian Tugas ........................................................................ 64
3.3 Analisis Prosedur yang Sedang Berjalan .............................................. 66
3.3.1 Prosedur Pelaporan Berita ........................................................... 67
3.3.2 Prosedur Penilaian Kualitatif ...................................................... 68
3.3.3 Prosedur Penilaian Manajemen dan Nilai Akhir ......................... 69
3.4 Diagram Aliran Data ............................................................................. 70
3.4.1 Diagram Konteks Sistem Newsroom
PT. Republika Media Mandiri .................................................... 71
3.4.2 Diagram Nol Sistem Newsroom
PT. Republika Media Mandiri .................................................. 72
3.4.3 Flow Chart Sistem yang Sedang Berjalan .................................. 73
xiii
3.5 Permasalahan yang Dihadapi ................................................................ 73
3.6 Alternatif Pemecahan Masalah ............................................................ 73
3.6.1 Rancangan Diagram Aliran Data ................................................ 92
3.6.1.1 Diagram Konteks ............................................................ 92
3.6.1.2 Diagram Nol ................................................................... 93
3.6.1.3 Diagram Rinci ................................................................. 94
3.6.2 Perancangan Basis Data yang Diusulkan .................................... 96
3.6.2.1 Diagram Hubungan Entitas ............................................. 96
3.6.2.2 Kamus Data .................................................................... 97
3.6.3 Perancangan Proses yang Diusulkan ........................................... 104
3.6.3.1 Bagan Terstruktur ........................................................... 104
3.6.3.2 Spesifikasi Proses ........................................................... 104
3.6.4 Perancangan Masukan ................................................................. 106
BAB 4 IMPLEMENTASI DAN EVALUASI
4.1 Usulan Prosedur yang Baru ................................................................... 112
4.2 Hasil Keluaran Sistem ........................................................................... 115
4.3 Rencana Implementasi .......................................................................... 127
4.3.1 Tata Laksana Sistem yang Diusulkan ......................................... 127
4.3.2 Jadwal Implementasi Sistem ....................................................... 129
4.4 Evaluasi Sistem ..................................................................................... 130
4.4.1 Evaluasi 8 Golden Rules ............................................................. 130
4.4.2 Testing Sistem ............................................................................. 139
4.4.3 Evaluasi User .............................................................................. 141
xiv
BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1 Simpulan ............................................................................................... 143
5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................... 144
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
RIWAYAT HIDUP
LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN
SURAT SURVEI
xv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Contoh Penentuan Bobot Untuk Setiap Aspek Kinerja ...................................... 53
Tabel 2.2 Performance Grade dan Penghargaan yang Bersangkutan ................................ 54
Tabel 2.3 Jenis – jenis Penghargaan Positif dan Negatif .................................................... 57
Tabel 3.1 Tabel Nilai Sounding .......................................................................................... 74
Tabel 3.2 Tabel Nilai Laporan Awal .................................................................................. 75
Tabel 3.3 Tabel Nilai Laporan Lanjutan ............................................................................. 75
Tabel 3.4 Tabel Nilai Waktu Laporan Awal ....................................................................... 76
Tabel 3.5 Tabel Nilai Waktu Laporan Lanjutan ................................................................. 76
Tabel 3.6 Tabel Nilai Isi Berita ........................................................................................... 77
Tabel 3.7 Tabel Nilai Halaman berita ................................................................................. 77
Tabel 3.8 Tabel Nilai Isi Berita ........................................................................................... 78
Tabel 3.9 Tabel Nilai Sumber Berita .................................................................................. 78
Tabel 3.10 Tabel Nilai Inisiatif Berita ................................................................................ 79
Tabel 3.11 Tabel Nilai Deadline Berita .............................................................................. 79
Tabel 3.12 Tabel Nilai Human Interest Feature .................................................................. 80
xvi
Tabel 3.13 Tabel Nilai Kedalaman Feature ........................................................................ 80
Tabel 3.14 Tabel Nilai Bahasa Feature ............................................................................... 81
Tabel 3.15 Tabel Nilai Pengumpulan Data Feature ............................................................ 81
Tabel 3.16 Tabel Nilai Irama Tulisan Feature .................................................................... 82
Tabel 3.17 Tabel Nilai Kedalaman Feature ........................................................................ 82
Tabel 3.18 Tabel Nilai Urgensi Daya Tarik Berita Analisis ............................................... 83
Tabel 3.19 Tabel Nilai Data Pendukung Berita Analisis .................................................... 83
Tabel 3.20 Tabel Nilai Bahasa Berita Analisis ................................................................... 84
Tabel 3.21 Tabel Nilai Aktualitas Berita Analisis .............................................................. 84
Tabel 3.22 Tabel Nilai Solusi Berita Analisis .................................................................... 85
Tabel 3.23 Tabel Nilai Disiplin .......................................................................................... 85
Tabel 3.24 Tabel Nilai Kehadiran ....................................................................................... 86
Tabel 3.25 Tabel Nilai Kerjasama ...................................................................................... 86
Tabel 3.26 Tabel Nilai Mematuhi Peraturan ....................................................................... 86
Tabel 3.27 Bobot Nilai Akhir Reporter .............................................................................. 87
Tabel 3.28 Reporter A ......................................................................................................... 88
Tabel 3.29 Reporter B ......................................................................................................... 89
xvii
Tabel 3.30 Reporter C ......................................................................................................... 89
Tabel 3.31 Reporter D ......................................................................................................... 90
Tabel 3.32 Tabel MsRedaktur ............................................................................................. 97
Tabel 3.33 Tabel MsReporter ............................................................................................. 97
Tabel 3.34 Laporan_Sounding ............................................................................................ 98
Tabel 3.35 Laporan_Isi ....................................................................................................... 98
Tabel 3.36 Nilai_Kuantitatif ............................................................................................... 99
Tabel 3.37 Nilai_Manajemen .............................................................................................. 99
Tabel 3.38 Berita_Isi ........................................................................................................... 100
Tabel 3.39 Berita_Kategori ................................................................................................. 100
Tabel 3.40 Nilai_Berita ....................................................................................................... 101
Tabel 3.41 Nilai_Feature .................................................................................................... 101
Tabel 3.42 Nilai_News_analysis ........................................................................................ 102
Tabel 3.43 Agenda .............................................................................................................. 102
Tabel 3.44 Tabel User_absen .............................................................................................. 103
Tabel 4.1 Tabel Personil dan Fungsi ................................................................................... 128
Tabel 4.2 Jadwal Implementasi Sistem ............................................................................... 129
xviii
Tabel 4.3 Testing Sistem ..................................................................................................... 139
xix
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Software Enginering Layered Technology ........................................ 13
Gambar 2.2 Proses Waterfall Model ..................................................................... 14
Gambar 2.3 Hierarki Data ..................................................................................... 19
Gambar 2.4 DFD Symbol ...................................................................................... 29
Gambar 2.5 Cardinality Relationship ................................................................... 30
Gambar 2.6 Piramida Terbalik .............................................................................. 44
Gambar 3.1 Sruktur Organisasi PT. Republika Media Mandiri ........................... 64
Gambar 3.2 Diagram Konteks Sistem Internal
Penyimpanan dan Pengolahan Berita ................................................ 70
Gambar 3.3 Diagram Nol Sistem Internal
Penyimpanan Data dan Pengolahan Berita ....................................... 71
Gambar 3.4 Flow Chart Sistem yang Berjaan ...................................................... 72
Gambar 3.5 Rancangan Penggunaan SMS Sebagai Sarana Sounding .................. 74
Gambar 3.6 Diagram Perbandingan Potensi dan Performance Indicator ............. 90
Gambar 3.7 Diagram Konteks Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan
xx
Penilaian Kinerja Reporter PT. Republika Media Mandiri ............... 92
Gambar 3.8 Diagram Nol Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan Penilaian Kinerja
Reporter PT. Republika Media Mandiri ............................................. 93
Gambar 3.9 Diagram Rinci 1 - Penulisan Laporan .............................................. 94
Gambar 3.10 Diagram Rinci 2 - Penulisan Berita................................................ 95
Gambar 3.11 ERD Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan Penilaian Kinerja Reporter ....... 96
Gambar 3.12 Bagan Terstruktur ............................................................................ 104
Gambar 3.13 Rancangan Halaman Login ............................................................. 106
Gambar 3.14 Rancangan Daftar Sounding............................................................ 107
Gambar 3.15 Rancangan Tulis Laporan ................................................................ 107
Gambar 3.16 Rancangan Daftar Laporan .............................................................. 108
Gambar 3.17 Rancangan Penulisan Berita ............................................................ 108
Gambar 3.18 Rancangan Penilaian Berita ............................................................ 109
Gambar 3.19 Rancangan Penulisan Agenda ......................................................... 109
Gambar 3.20 Rancangan Daftar Agenda .............................................................. 110
Gambar 3.21 Rancangan Detail Laporan .............................................................. 110
Gambar 3.22 Rancangan Laporan Nilai Akhir ..................................................... 111
xxi
Gambar 3.23 Rancangan Hasil Cetak Nilai .......................................................... 111
Gambar 4.1 Tampilan Layar Login ....................................................................... 115
Gambar 4.2 Tampilan Layar daftar Sounding ...................................................... 116
Gambar 4.3 Tampilan Layar Tulis Laporan .......................................................... 117
Gambar 4.4 Tampilan Layar Daftar Laporan ........................................................ 118
Gambar 4.5 Tampilan Layar Tulis Berita ............................................................. 119
Gambar 4.6 Tampilan Layar Form Peniaian Berita .............................................. 120
Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Layar Tulis Agenda .......................................................... 121
Gambar 4.8 Tampilan Layar Daftar Agenda......................................................... 122
Gambar 4.9 Tampilan Layar Detail Laporan ........................................................ 123
Gambar 4.10 Tampilan Layar Nilai Akhir ............................................................ 124
Gambar 4.11 Tampian Layar Hasil Cetak Nilai .................................................... 126
Gambar 4.12 Strive for consistency ...................................................................... 131
Gambar 4.13 Caster to universal usabilty............................................................. 132
Gambar 4.14 Offer informative feedback .............................................................. 133
Gambar 4.15 Design dialogs to yield closure ...................................................... 134
Gambar 4.16 Prevent errors ................................................................................. 135
xxii
Gambar 4.17 Permit easy reversal of actions ....................................................... 136
Gambar 4.18 Support internal locus of control .................................................... 137
Gambar 4.19 Reduce short-term memory load ..................................................... 138
xxiii
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
L1.1 Daftar Kunjungan ................................................................................................ L1
L2.1 Wawancara dengan Kepala IT ............................................................................. L2
L2.2 Wawancara dengan Redaktur Pelaksana Newsroom ........................................... L3
L2.3 Wawancara dengan Redaktur Pelaksana Newsroom
dan Wakil Redaktur Pelaksana Newsroom ........................................................ L4
L2.4 Wawancara dengan Reporter ............................................................................... L5
L2.5 Wawancara dengan Redaktur .............................................................................. L6
L2.6 Wawancara Evaluasi dengan SDM ..................................................................... L7
L2.7 Wawancara Evaluasi dengan Kepala IT .............................................................. L8
L3.1 Kuesioner Untuk Reporter ................................................................................... L9
L3.2 Lampiran Hasil Kuesioner ................................................................................... L10
L3.3 Kuesioner Untuk Redaktur Senior ....................................................................... L14
L3.4 Lampiran Hasil Kuesioner Untuk Redaktur Senior ............................................. L14
L4.1 Lampiran Hasil Testing Sounding ....................................................................... L15
L4.2 Lampiran Hasil Testing Laporan Awal ............................................................... L15
xxiv
L4.3 Lampiran Hasil Testing Laporan Lanjutan .......................................................... L16
L4.4 Lampiran Hasil Testing Laporan Lengkap .......................................................... L16
L4.5 Lampiran Hasil Testing Nilai Kuantitatif ............................................................ L16
L4.6 Lampiran Hasil Tulis Berita ................................................................................ L17
L4.7 Lampiran Hasil Testing Penilaian Berita ............................................................. L17
L4.8 Lampiran Hasil Testing Edit Berita ..................................................................... L17
L 4.9 Lampiran Hasil Testing Penilaian Manajemen ................................................... L18
L 4.10 Lampiran Hasil Testing Agenda ....................................................................... L18
L 4.11 Lampiran Hasil Testing Nilai Akhir ................................................................ L19
L 5.1 Lampiran Index.php ............................................................................................ L20
L 5.2 Lampiran Source Code doLogin.php .................................................................. L22
L 5.3 Lampiran Source Code Sounding.php ................................................................ L24
L 5.4 Lampiran Source Code DaftarSounding.php ...................................................... L24
L 5.5 Lampiran Source Code Dotulislaporan.php ....................................................... L34
L 5.6 Lampiran Source Code Tulis Laporan ................................................................ L43
L 5.7 Source Code Fungsi Hitung Selisih Waktu ........................................................ L51
L 5.8 Source Code Tulis Berita ................................................................................... L60
xxv
L 5.9 Source Code LogOut .......................................................................................... L61
L 5.10 Source Code Penilaian Berita ........................................................................... L62
L5.11 Source Code Penilaian Manajemen ................................................................... L66
L 5.12 Source Code Tulis Agenda ............................................................................... L69
L 5.13 Source Code Nilai Akhir .................................................................................. L70
L 5.14 Source Code Cetak Nilai .................................................................................. L72