analisa kegagalan

Manajemen Perawatan – 02 Analisa Kegagalan Arif Rahman – Universitas Brawijaya1

1

ANALISA KEGAGALAN

S2 TMI – UB

2010/2011

Manajemen Perawatan – 02 Analisa Kegagalan Arif Rahman – Universitas Brawijaya

Meto

de P

en

gu

kura

n

Resiko

Fault Tree Analysis

Failure Mode and Effect Analysis

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Defin

ition

Probabilitas: peluang atau kemungkinan kemunculan satu kejadian.

Resiko: peluang kemunculan satu kejadian yang tidak diharapkan serta tingkat kritis dampak yang diakibatkan.

Pengukuran Resiko: proses kategorisasi resiko secara kualitatif atau estimasi resiko kuantitatif.

Manajemen Resiko : proses identifikasi resiko, pengukuran resiko, disposisi resiko serta monitor dan kontrol resiko.

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Defin

ition

Reliability: The probability that an item will perform its intended function for a specified mission profile.

Safety: The freedom of injury, damage, or loss of resources.

Hazard: The condition that can result in or contribute to a mishap.

Mishap: An unintended event that can cause injuries, damage, or loss of resources.

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Fau

lt Tre

e A

naly

sisFailure or Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) merupakan pendekatan deduktif top-down yang merepresentasi hubungan antar kejadian secara grafis dan logik di mana status kejadian di level yang lebih rendah mempengaruhi status kejadian di level yang lebih tinggi

FTA menjadi alat sistematis untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana interaksi antar elemen sistem yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kegagalan sistem.

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Even

t Sym

bol

6


Gate

Sym

bols

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FTA

Ste

ps

8


Failu

re M

od

e &

Eff

ect

An

aly

sis

Failure Mode & Effect Analysis (FMEA) merupakan metode analisis manual untuk menentukan konsekuen dari kegagalan komponen, modul atau subsistem

FMEA berwujud tabel spreadsheet yang mengidentifikasi macam kegagalan (failure mode), akibat kegagalan (failure effect), penyebab (possible causes), frekuensi kejadian (probability of occurrence), dampak kegagalan (severity) konsekuenconsequences, and proposed safeguards are noted.

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FMEA

Ste

ps

1. For each process input (start with high value inputs), determine the ways in which the input can go wrong (failure mode)

2. For each failure mode, determine effects. Select a severity level for each effect

3. Identify potential causes of each failure mode. Select an occurrence level for each cause

4. List current controls for each cause. Select a detection level for each cause

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FMEA

Ste

ps

5. Calculate the Risk Priority Number (RPN)

6. Develop recommended actions, assign responsible persons, and take actions. Give priority to high RPNs.

7. Assign the predicted severity, occurrence, and detection levels and compare RPNs

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Failu

re M

od

es a

nd

Eff

ects

The relationship between failure modes and effects is not always 1 to 1

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Failure Mode 1

Failure Mode 2

Effect 1

Effect 2

Failure Mode 1

Failure Mode 2Effect 1

Failure Mode 1Effect 1

Effect 2


Severity

, Occu

rren

ce,

an

d D

ete

ction

Severity

Importance of the effect on customer requirements• Often can’t do anything about this

Occurrence

Frequency with which a given cause occurs and creates failure modes

Detection

The ability of the current control scheme to detect or prevent a given cause

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Severity

, Occu

rren

ce,

an

d D

ete

ction

Severity1 = Not Severe, 10 = Very Severe

Occurrence1 = Not Likely, 10 = Very Likely

Detection1 = Likely to Detect, 10 = Not Likely to Detect

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Risk P

riority

Nu

mb

er

(RPN

)

RPN is the product of the severity, occurrence, and detection scores.

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Severity Occurrence Detection RPNRPNX X =


Truck Stop Coffee Process Map

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Inputs OutputsInputs OutputsHot WaterSoapScrubber

Clean CarafeCold WaterMeasuring Mark

Full Carafe

Filter

Maker w/FilterFresh CoffeeDosing Scoop

Maker w/Filter & Coffee

Brewing Coffee

Cleaned CarafeDirty WaterWet Scrubber

Full Carafe

Filled MakerEmpty Carafe

Maker w/Filter

Maker w/Filter & Coffee

Operating MakerHeatBrewed Coffee

Hot Coffee

CustomerOrderSize Specification

Complete OrderHot CoffeeCup

Filled CupCustomerCreamSugarAmount Desired

Complete OrderMoney

Coffee Delivery

Complete Order

Filled Cup

Customer ReplyAmount SpecifiedComplete Order

Make ChangeTemperatureTasteStrength

SmileHappy Customer

Pour Coffee into Cup

Pour Coffee into Cup

Offer Cream &

Sugar

Offer Cream &

Sugar

Complete TransactionComplete

Transaction

Say Thank YouSay Thank You

Receive Coffee Order

Receive Coffee Order

Clean CarafeClean Carafe

Fill Carafe w/Water

Fill Carafe w/Water

Pour Water into MakerPour Water into Maker

Place Filter in MakerPlace Filter in Maker

Put Coffee in Filter

Put Coffee in Filter

Select Temperature Setting

Select Temperature Setting

Turn Maker OnTurn Maker On


Truck Stop Coffee C&E Matrix

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Temp of Coffee Taste Strength Process Outputs

8 10 6 Importance

Process Step ----- Process input ----- --------- Total ---------

0

Clean Carafe 0 3 1 36

Fill Carafe with Water 0 9 9 144

Pour Water into Maker 0 1 1 16

Place Filter in Maker 0 3 1 36

Put Coffee in Filter 0 9 9 144

Turn Maker On 3 1 0 34

Select Temperature Setting 9 3 3 120

Receive Coffee Order 0 0 1 6

Pour Coffee into Cup 3 1 3 52

Offer Cream & Sugar 3 9 3 132

Complete Transaction 1 1 1 24

Say Thank You 0 0 0 000000000000

--------- Correlation of Input to Output ---------


Step 1: For Each Input, Determine the Potential Failure Modes

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Step 2: For Each Failure Mode, Identify Effects and Assign Severity

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Step 3: Identify Potential Causes of Each Failure Mode and Assign Score

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Step 4: List Current Controls for Each Cause and Assign Score

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Step 5: Calculate RPNs

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Step 6: Develop Recommended Actions, Assign Responsible Persons, and Take Actions

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Step 7: Assign the Predicted Severity, Occurrence, and Detection Levels and Compare RPNs

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