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Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2008

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KOMPONEN ELEKTRONIKA

DAN HUKUM DASAR PADA

RANGKAIAN LISTRIK

Electronic Components and Basic Laws in Electric Circuit

Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2008

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1. Komponen Elektronika

- Komponen pasif

- Komponen Aktif

2. Hukum dasar pada rangkaian listrik

- Hukum Ohm

- Hukum Kirchoff tentang arus

- Hukum Kirchoff tentang tegangan

Standar Kompetensi

Mampu Menjelaskan dan menerapkan berbagai

konsep tentang komponen elektronika dan hukum

dasar listrik

Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2008

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A. Komponen Elektronika

1. Komponen Pasif

Dalam elektronika ada dua golongan

besar jenis komponen elektronika yaitu

komponen pasif dan komponen aktif

Komponen pasif adalah komponen yang

dapat bekerja tanpa catu daya

Contoh : Resistor, Kapasitor, Induktor,

Transformator dan sebagainya

Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2008

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a. Resistor

The resistor is an electrical device whose primary

function is to introduce resistance to the flow of

electric current. The magnitude of opposition to

the flow of current is called the resistance of the

resistor. A larger resistance value indicates a

greater opposition to current flow.

Simbol

Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2008

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Jenis-jenis resistor

Carbon Film Resistor

Metal Film Resistor

Terbuat dari karbon yang dilapiskan pada

sebatang keramik

Metal-film resistors are commonly made of

nichrome, tin-oxide, or tantalum nitride

Wirewound Resistor

Wire-wound resistors are made by winding

wire of nickel-chromium alloy on a ceramic

tube covering with a vitreous coating

Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2008

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RESISTANCE VALUE

Resistance is expressed in ohms (). Typical

resistance values are industry standard (E12, E24,

E48 & E96) values from 1.0 ohm to 10 Meg-ohms

(10,000,000 ohm = 10MegOhm)

E12 5 %

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E 24 5 % E 96 1 %

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Resistor color code

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Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2007

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Resistor DissipationIf the flow of current through a resistor increases, it heats

up, and if the temperature exceeds a certain critical value, it

can be damaged

For example, if the voltage across an 820 resistor is 12V, the wattage dissipated by the resistors is

IVP .RIP 2 R

VP

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A 1/4W resistor can be used

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Nonlinear resistors

NTC resistors (Negative Temperature Co-efficient) - their

resistance lowers with temperature rise.

PTC resistors (Positive Temperature Co-efficient) - their

resistance increases with the temperature rise.

LDR resistors (Light Dependent Resistors) - their

resistance lowers with the increase in light.

NTC PTC LDR

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Potentiometers

Potentiometers (also called pots) are variable

resistors, used as voltage or current regulators in

electronic circuits

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b. Capacitors

Capacitors are components that are

used to store an electrical charge

Capacitance

Capacitance (symbol C) is a measure of a

capacitor's ability to store charge. A large

capacitance means that more charge can be

stored

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A capacitor is composed of two conductors

separated by an insulating material called a

DIELECTRIC. The dielectric can be paper,

plastic film, ceramic, air or a vacuum

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Electrolytic Capacitors

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• Cathode lead (-) shorter than

anode (+)

• Cathode polarity band or anode

strip

• Date code (YYWW) “9614” = 14th

week of 1996

• Temperature rating

• Capacitance value (µF)

• Voltage rating (VDC)

• Logo

Types of Capacitors

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Ceramic Disc Capacitor (Radial)

Cap Value102 = 1000pF

DielectricY5F

Voltage1KV = 1000VDC

Cap ToleranceC = +/-.25pFD = +/-.5pFF = +/-1%G = +/-2%J = +/-5%

K = +/-10%M = +/-20%Z = +80%/-20%

Example shown

P/N: NCD103K1KVY5PTR

DielectricY5P

Cap Value103 = 0.01uF

Voltage1KV = 1000VDC

Example shown

P/N: NCD102K1KVY5F

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Film Capacitor (Radial Leaded)

• Capacitance value (pF) & Tolerance Code

• Voltage rating (VDC)

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SMT Electrolytic Capacitors

• Cathode (-) & Anode (+) markers

• Capacitance value (µF)

• Voltage rating (VDC)

• Date Code

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Variable capacitors

Variable capacitors are mostly used in radio tuning

circuits and they are sometimes called 'tuning

capacitors'. They have very small capacitance

values, typically between 100pF and 500pF

(100pF = 0.0001µF).

simbol

Lecture Notes : Basic Electronic 1

By Yohandri 2008

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c. TransformatorPada dasarnya transformator merupakan

komponen pasif dengan empat ujung.

Sepasang ujung disebut primer dan pasangan

ujung lainya disebut sekunder. Transformator

digunakan untuk merubah besar tegangan

bolak-balik pada primer dan mengeluarkannya

pada sekunder

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dt

dNE

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1

1

22 E

N

NE

dt

dNE

22

dt

dNE

Induksi Faraday, Nilai fluks magnet I berubah

dengan waktu, maka timbul ggl

Pada kumparan primer Pada kumparan sekunder

Dari kedua persamaan diperoleh

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Tipe Transformator

Transformator daya

(Step up / Step down tegangan PLN)

Transformator keluaran

Untuk penguat dalam elektronik

Transformator rf dan if

Untuk Coupling (mengandeng) masukan

pada penguat dalam sistem radio

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2. Komponen Aktif

Komponen aktif merupakan komponen yang

hanya akan bekerja bila ada catu daya

Contoh : Transistor, IC (integrated circuit)

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B. Hukum Dasar pada Rangkaian Listrik

Voltage

Voltage is the electrical force, that causes current to

flow in a circuit. It is measured in VOLTS .

Electrical Current

Current is the movement of electrical charge - the flow

of electrons other charged particles through the

electronic circuit. The direction of a current is opposite

to electrons flow direction. Current is measured in

AMPERES (AMPS, A ).

Resistance

Resistance causes an opposition to the flow of

electricity in a circuit. It is used to control the amount of

voltage and/or amperage in a circuit. It is measured in

OHMS.

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1. Hukum Ohm

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Simple Circuit: Ohm’s Law

• V = I . R

• P = V . I = I2.R

V: voltage (Volts)

I: current (Amperes)

R: resistance (Ohms)

P: power (Watts)

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2. Hukum Kirchhoff tentang arus

Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)

KCL states that the algebraic sum of the

currents in all the branches which converge in

a common node is equal to zero

Iin = Iout

Jumlah arus yang masuk pada titik

percabangan sama dengan jumlah arus yang

keluar dari titik percabangan

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Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

Kirchhoff's Voltage Law states that the algebraic

sum of the voltages between successive nodes

in a closed path in the network is equal to zero.

E = IR

2. Hukum Kirchhoff tentang tegangan

Dalam suatu rangkain tertutup, jumlah aljabar

gaya gerak listrik (E) sama dengan jumlah

aljabar penurunan potensial (IR )

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