epidomologi kasus ispa di daerah guntung payung akibat musim kemarau
Post on 08-Feb-2017
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Dr. Sutarto Hadi, M.Si, M.Sc
Dr-Ing Yulian Firmana Arifin,
S.T., M.T.
Nova Annisa,S.Si.,MS
Prof. Dr. Qomariyatus
Sholihah, Amd. Hyp., S.T., Mkes.
Dr. Rony Riduan, ST., MT
BackgroundDuring the dry season, Indonesian experienced
a drought almost the entire region. The drought led to changes in the environment, where changes in the environment is one of the factors causing the disease. One such disease Acute Respiratory Infection. The disease is caused by various environmental factors eg forest fires continuously, around people's lifestyles are less healthy, such as smoking, burning trash, use mosquito coils and more.
Problem FormulationThe problems of this study are:
1. How does the basic principles of disease prevention?2. How is the level of disease prevention?3. How is the strategy to prevent respiratory diseases?
Objectivethe purpose of this study was to:
1. To find out how the basic principles of disease prevention.2. To determine how the level of disease prevention.3. To find out how respiratory disease prevention strategies.
Environmental Factors :1. Air pollution in the home2. ventilation3. natural lighting4. air quality5. residential density
Individual factors:1. Age2. Gender3. Weight4. Nutritional status5. Vitamin A
Behavioral factors:1. The handling of ARI in Family Practice2. Smoking habits of family members
Other factors:1. Mother education2. Socio-economic status of the family
ARI (Acute Respiratory
Infections)
FACTORS CAUSE ARI (Acute Respiratory Infections)
Sumber:Diana Maryani R (2012)
Respiratory tract infection is a common disease with mild to severe
manifestations. Acute respiratory infection that affects the lung tissue or severe
respiratory infection, may be pneumonia (Imelda Serviyanti, 2014)
Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) is a disease that attacks the
respiratory tract from top to bottom, with a span of up to 14 days. ARD include
pneumonia, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), which resulted 4:25
million deaths in the world each year. World Health Organization (WHO)
estimates that 2 million children under five die of pneumonia every year
( Sarngadi Palgunadi & Totok Herlambang, 2014).
ARI in health care
In general, there are three (3) risk factors, namely factor ARI
environment, individual factors of children, and behavioral factors.
Environmental factors include air pollution in the home, the physical
condition of the house, and the density of dwelling houses. Individual
factors include the child's age child, birth weight, nutritional status,
vitamin A, and immunization status. While behavioral factors associated
with preventionand prevention of respiratory disease in infants and
toddlers in this regard is the practice ARI treatment in the family both by
mothers or members other families (Diana Maryani R, 2012).
The spread and impact of the disease related to :
According to the Ministry Kesahatan RI (2001: 2) In general there
are three (3) the risk factors of ARI :
1. environmental factors: air pollution in homes, Broad ventilation,
lighting, air quality, density residential house.
2. the individual : age, birth weight, nutritional status, vitamin A.
3. behavioral factors: The handling of ARI in Family Practice,
Smoking habits of family members.
4. Other Factors: Low Education Level , Lower Socioeconomic Levels.
The basic principles of disease prevention, the efforts of prevention and effective measures against the spread of infectious diseases can be done include:
1. Create a policy on the prevention of pneumonia behavior for example through
media such as baleho, flyers, banners and others (Rita Rahim, 2013)
2. Make arrangements directionally space by means adhere to RT, RW and RDTR.
3. maintain quality conditions neighborhoods. Comfortable and healthy
environment will bring a healthy lifestyle.
4. Maintain the quality of the page to keep the presence of green plants thus
increasing comfort and beauty.
5. Maintaining the quality of sanitation and drainage by constantly implementing
mutual assistance to clean up the utility.
6. Promoting a healthy lifestyle can start from small things
(Jumadi Priono & Kurniasari, MI, 2013)
ConclusionLevels of prevention of respiratory disease consists of several levels as
follows: Distribution and frequency of ISPA, Determinants ISPA consists of germs, the host is composed of several factors such as age, sex, nutritional status, birth weight, status of breastfeeding and supplementary feeding, immunization status, vitamin A. tingakatan prevention of environmental factors, among others broadly influenced by the quality of indoor air that comes from cigarette smoke coming from smokers, ventilation, it is known that a poorly ventilated house more family members with ARDs. Spatial and density of housing, Economic and educational status, low education cause people do not know how to choose nutritious foods and procurement of the necessary sanitation facilities and low maternal education level is a risk factor that increases the mortality of ARI, especially pneumonia.
In respiratory disease prevention strategies can be translated into 8 main activities, namely the promotion of infant pneumonia prevention, partnerships, increased case finding, deficits improve ARI case management, quality improvement resources, ARI surveillance, monitoring, evaluation and development program ARI.
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