eksekusi benda jaminan dalam pinjam meminjam uang...

E K S E K U S I BENDA JAMINAN DALAM PINJAM MEMINJAM UANG

M E L A L U I BANK P E R K R E D I T A N R A K Y A T PUSKOPAT PALEMBANG

S K R I P S I

Diajukan Sebagai Persyaratan Untuk

Memperoleh Gclar Sarjana Hukum Program Studi Umu Uukum

Oleh :

NTTA ANISA

5020132SB

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG

F A K U L T A S HUKUM

2017

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADPTAH PALEMBANG

FAKULTAS HUKUM

PERSETUJUAN DAN PENGESAHAN

JUDUL SKRIPSI : E K S E K U S I BENDA JAMINAN DALAM PINJAM MEMINJAM UANG M E L A L U I BANK P E R K R E D I T A N R A K Y A T PUSKOPAT PALEMBANG

Nama : NITA ANISA

Nim : SO 2013 250

Program Studi : ILMU HUKUM

Program Kdcfaususan : HUKUM PERDATA

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG

F A K U L T A S H U K U M

L E M B A R PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING

NAMA : NITA ANISA

NIM : 502013250

PRODI : I L M U HUKUM

PROG.KEKHUSUSAN : HUKUM PERDATA

JUDUL : EKSEKUSI BENDA JAMINAN DALAM PINJAM

MEMINJAM UANG MELALUI BANK PERKREDITAN

RAKYAT PUSKOPAT PALEMBANG

Disetujui Untuk Disampaikan Kepada

Panitia Ujian

Palembang, 15 Januari 2017

Dosen Pembimbing

U . Atidul Hamid Usman, S I L , M . H H B I .

PENDAFTARAN UJIAN SKRIPSI

P e n d a f t a r a n S k n p s i S a r j a n a F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g S t r a t a 1 b a g i :

N a m a

N I M

P r o g r a m S t u d i

P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n

J u d u l

N i t a A n i s a

5 0 2 0 1 3 2 5 0

I l m u H u k u m

H u k u m P e r d a t a

E K S E K U S I B E N D A J A M I N A N D A L A M

P I N J A M M E M I N J A M U A N G M E L A L U I

B A N K P E R K R E D I T A N R A K Y A T

P U S K O P A T P A L E M B A N G

D e n g a n d i t e n m a n y a s k r i p s i i n i , s e s u d a h l u l u s d a r i U j i a n K o m p r e h e n s i f , p e n u l i s

b e r h a k m e m a k a i g e l a r :

S A R J A N A HUKUM

D o s e n P e m b i m b i n g D i k e t a h u i ,

iv

S U R A T P E R N Y A T A A N O R I S I N A L I T A S S K R I P S I

Y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i :

N a m a : N i t a A n i s a

N T M : 5 0 2 0 1 3 2 5 0

P r o g r a m S t u d i : I l m u H u k u m

P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n ; H u k u m P e r d a t a

M e n y a t a k a n b a h w a k a r y a i l m i a h / s k r i p s i s a y a y a n g b e r j u d u l : E K S E K U S I

B E N D A J A M I N A N D A L A M P I N J A M M E M I N J A M U A N G M E L A L U I B A N K

P E R K R E D I T A N R A K Y A T P U S K O P A T P A L E M B A N G .

A d a l a h b u k a n m e r u p a k a n k a r y a t u l i s o r a n g l a i n , b a i k s e b a g i a n m a u p u n

k e s e l u r u h a n , k e c u a l i d a l a m b e n t u k k u t i p a n y a n g t e l a h s a y a s e b u t k a n s u m b e m y a .

D e m i k i a n s u r a t p e r n y a t a a n i n i s a y a b u a t d e n g a n s e b e n a r - b e n a m y a d a n

a p a b i l a p e r n y a t a a n i n i t i d a k b e n a r , s a y a b e r s e d i a m e n d a p a t k a n s a n k s i a k a d e m i s .

P a l e m b a n g , 1 6 J a n u a r i 2 0 1 7

Y a n g m e n y a t a k a n .

N I T A A N I S A

V

M O T T O :

''Apabila karau diberi Penghormatan dengan sesuatu

Penghormatan, maka balaslah penghormatan itu dengan yang lebih

baik dari padanya, atau balaslah penghormatan itu (dengau yang

serupa). Sesunggubnya Allah memperhitungkan segala sesuatu."

(QS. An-Nisa' :86)

Ku Persembahkan Untuk:

> Ayahku dan Ibuku tercinta terimakasib

telah memberikan dukungan dan do'a

yang tulus demi masa depanku

> Saudara-Saudaraku tersayang yang selaiu

raembantuku

> Sahabat serta orang terkasibku

> Almamaterku

vi

A B S I R A K

E K S E K U S I B E N D A J A M I N A N D A L A M P I N J A M M E M I N J A M U A N G M E L A L U I B A N K P E R K R E D I T A N R A K Y A T P U S K O P A T P A L E M B A N G

N I T A A N I S A

D a l a m k e g i a t a n l e m b a g a k e u a n g a n y a n g m e m b e r i k a n f a s i l i t a s k r e d i t , a d a n y a b a r a n g u n t u k j a m i n a n p e m b a y a r a n u t a n g d e b i t u r m e r u p a k a n u n s u r y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g ( w a l a u p u n b u k a n y a n g p a l i n g p e n t i n g ) , s e b a b s u a t u k r e d i t y a n g t i d a k m e m i l i k i j a m i n a n y a n g c u k u p , m e n g a n d u n g b a h a y a y a n g b e s a r . K r e d i t u r b a r u m e m p u n y a i h a k u n t u k m e n j u a l j a m i n a n k e t i k a d e b i t u r d i n y a t a k a n w a n p r e s t a s i { P a s a l 1 1 5 5 K U H P E R ) d a n h a r u s m e m b e r i t a h u k a n d u l u k e p a d a d e b i t u r k e t i k a a k a n m e n j u a l b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t ( P a s a l 1 1 5 6 a y a t 2 d a n 3 K U H P E R ) .

T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i t e n t a n g p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d i B P R P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g s e r t a a p a s a j a y a n g m e n j a d i f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d i B P R P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g , M e t o d e p e n e l i t i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n m e t o d e p e n e l i t i a n e m p i r i s , y a i t u d e n g a n m e l a k u k a n p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a y a n g d i d a p a t k a n s e b a g i a n d a r i l a p a n g a n b a i k m e l a l u i c a r a p e n g a m a t a n d a n w a w a n c a r a d e n g a n p i h a k - p i h a k y a n g m e n g e r t i d a n t e r k a i t .

D a r i d a t a y a n g b e h a s i l d i k u m p u l k a n , k e m u d i a n d i a n a l i s i s d a n d a p a t d i t a r i k k e s i m p u l a n b a h w a p i h a k B P R m e m p u n y a i u p a y a - u p a y a y a n g b i s a d i l a k u k a n b i l a t e r j a d i k e t e r l a m b a t a n d a l a m p e m b a y a r a n a n g s u r a n s e b e i u m d i l a k u k a n p e n a r i k t e r h a d a p b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t , s e p e r t i u p a y a - u p a y a p e r s u a s i f , s o m a s i ( p e r i n g a t a n ) , p r o s e s p e l a k s a n a a n / p e n a r i k a n b a r a n g .

A d a p u n f a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g m e n j a d i p e n u n j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d i B P R y a i t u , d a l a m f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g a d a n y a h u k u m w a j i b , d a n a d a n y a s u r a t k u a s a j u a l k e p a d a k r e d i t u r , s e r t a f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t s e p e r t i b a r a n g j a m i n a n t i d a k a d a a t a u m u s n a h , k u r a n g n y a k e t e l i t i a n d a l a m m e n d a f t a r a n j a m i n a n , d e b i t u r t i d a k m a u d i t e m u i , p e n d e l e g a s i a n e k s e k u s i , p e r l a w a n a n t e r h a d a p e k s e k u s i , e k s e k u s i t i d a k d a p a t d t j a l a n k a n .

K a t a K u n c i : e k s e k u s i , b e d a j a m i n a n , p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g

K A T A P E N G A N T A R

A s s a l a m u ' a l a i k u m V / r . W b .

S e g a l a p u j i d a n s y u k u r s e n a n t i a s a d i p a n j a t k a n k e h a d i r a t A L L A H S W T ,

s e r t a s h o l a w a t d a n s a l a m k e p a d a n a b i M u h a m m a d S a w , k a r e n a a t a s r a h m a t d a n

n i k m a t n y a j u a l a h s k r i p s i d e n g a n j u d u l : E K S E K U S I B E N D A J A M I N A N

D A L A M P I N J A M M E M I N J A M U A N G M E L A L U I B A N K P E R K R E D I T A N

R A K Y \ A T P U S K O P A T P A L E M B A N G .

D e n g a n s e g a l a k e r e n d a h a n h a t i d i a k u i b a h w a s k r i p s i i n i m a s i h b a n y a k

m e n g a n d u n g k e l e m a h a n d a n k e k u r a n g a n . S e m u a i t u a d a l a h d i s e b a b k a n m a s i h

k u r a n g n y a p e n g e t a h u a n d a n p e n g a l a n i a n p e n u l i s , k a r e n a n n y a m o h o n d i m a k l u m i .

K e s e m p a t a n y a n g b a i k i n i p e n u l i s u c a p a k a n t e r i m a k a s i h k e p a d a s e m u a

p i h a k y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n d o r o n g a n d a n b a n t u a n , k h u s u n y a t e r h a d a p :

1 . B a p a k D r . A b i d D j a z u l i . S . E . , M . M . , R e k t o r U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a i ^ b e s e r t a j a j a r a n n y a ;

2 . I b u D r . H j . S r i S u a t m i a t i , S H . , M . H u m . , D e k a n F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s

M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g b e s e r t t i j a j a r a n n y a ;

3 . B a p a k / I b u W a k i l D e k a n , B a p a k N u r H u s n i E m i l s o n , S H . , S p N . , M H . , S e l a k u

W a k i l D e k a n I , I b u K h a l i s a h H a y a t u d d i n , S H . , M . H u m . , S e l a k u W a k i l D e k a n

I I , B a p a k Z u l f i k r i N a w a w i , S H . , M H . , S e l a k u W a k i l D e k a n I I I , d a n I b u A n i

A r y a t i , S . A g . , S e l a k u W a k i l D e k a n I V F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s

M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g ;

i x

4 . B a p a k M u l y a d i T a n z i l i , S H . , M H . S e l a k u K e t u a P r o d i I l m u H u k u m F a k u l t a s

H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g ;

5 . B a p a k H . A b d u l H a m i d U s m a n , S H . , M . H u m . , P e m b i m b i n g d a l a m s k r i p s i i n i

y a n g t e l a h b a n y a k m e l u a n g k a n w a k t u k e p a d a p e n u l i s , s e h i n g g a s k r i p s i i n i

d a p a t d i s e J e s a i k a n t e p a t p a d a w a k t u n y a ;

6 . I b u R e n y O k p r i y a n t i , S H . , M . H , P e m b i m b i n g A k a d e m i k p e n u l i s ;

7 . B a p a k T e g u h K a r y a , S E . , K e p a l a B i d a n g K r e d i t B P R P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g

y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n i z i n k e p a d a p e n u l i s d a l a m p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a s k r i p s i

i n i ;

8 . S e l u r u h B a p a k d a n I b u D o s e n F a k u l t a s H u k u m U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h

P a l e m b a n g ;

9 . A y a h d a n i b u k u t e r c i n t a y a n g t e l a h m e m b e r i k a n d u k u n g a n m o r i l m a u p u n

m a t e r i i u n t u k k u a g a r d a p a t m e n y e i e s a i k a n s t u d i k u ;

J 0 . S a u d a r a - s a u d a r a k u t e r s a y a n g y a n g j u g a s e l a i u m e n d u k i m g k u ;

1 1 . S a h a b a t - S a h a b a t k u R e k a S e p t i a n i , F i t r i A n g g r a i n i , F i o n a A d e F i t r i , M a r i n d a

T r i U t a m i , J u s n i a r t i , K i k i R i z k i , T i a r a K a s i h , K h a r i s m a A r t a R i z a Y u s m a ;

1 2 , S e r t a M , A g u s A l f a R i d h o y a n g s e l a i u m e n d u k u n g d a l a m m e n y e i e s a i k a n

s k r i p s i i n i .

X

S e m o g a s e g a l a b a n t u a n m a t e r i i d a n m o r i l y a n g t e l a h m e n j a d i k a n s k r i p s i

i n i d a p a t s e l e s a i d e i t g a n b a i k s e b a g a i s a l a h s a t u p e r s y a r a t a n u n t u k m e n e m p u h

u j i a n s k r i p s i , s e m o g a k i r a n y a A L L A H S W T , m e l i m p a h k a n p a h a l a d a n r a h m a t

k e p a d a m e r e k a .

Wassalamu'alaikum wr.wb

P a l e m b a n g , 1 6 J a n u a r i 2 0 1 7

P e n u l i s

N I T A A N I S A

x i

D A F T A R I S I

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL i

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN DAN PENGESAHAN... . . . ii

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING iii

HALAMAN PENDAFTARAN UJIAN SKRIPSI Iv

HALAMAN ORISINALITAS S K R l PSI v

HALAMAN MOTTO DAN PERSEMBAHAN vi

ABSTRAK vii

K A T A PENGANTAR ix

DAFTAR ISI xii

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

A. L a t a r B e l a k a n g 1

B. R u m u s a n M a s a l a h 5

C . R u a n g L i n g k u p d a n T u j u a n 5

D. K e r a n g k a K o n s e p t u a l 6

E . M e t o d e P e n e l i t i a n 9

F . S i s t e m a t i k a P e n u l i s 10

BAB n TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

A. T i n j a u a n U m u m T e n t a n g P e r j a n j i a n 11

B. T i n j a u a n U m u m T e n t a n g J a m i n a n 18

C T i n j a u a n U m u m T e n t a n g B a n k 30

x i i

B A B I I I PEMBAHASAN

A. P e l a k s a n a a n E k s e k u s i B e n d a J a m i n a n D a l a m P i n j a m

M e m i n j a m U a n g d i B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t P u s k o p a t

P a l e m b a n g 38

B . F a k t o r P e n u n j a n g d i m P e n g h a m b a t d a l a m P e l a k s a n a a n E k s e k u s i

B e n d a J a m i n a n d i B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t P u s k o p a t

P a l e m b a n g 43

BAB IV PENUTUP

A . K e s i m p u l a n 49

B . S a r a n 50

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

xiii

BAB I

PENDAHULUAN

A. Latar Belakang

P e m b i c a r a a n t e n t a n g h u k i o n j a m i n a n d i I n d o n e s i a t i d a k l e p a s d a r i

p e m b i c a r a a n t e n t a n g h u k u m j a m i n a n p a d a m a s a p e m e r i n t a h H i n d i a B e l a n d a ,

J e p a n g , d a n z a m a n k e m e r d e k a a n s a m p a i s a a t i n i .

P a d a z a m a n p e m e r i n t a h H i n d i a B e l a n d a , k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g

m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g h u k u m j a m i n a n d a p a t d i k a j i d a l a m B u k u I I K U H P e r d a t a

d a n S t b . 1 9 0 8 N o m o r 5 4 2 s e b a g a i m a n a t e l a h d i u b a h m e n j a d i S t b . 1 9 3 7

N o m o r 1 9 0 t e n t a n g Credietverbancl D a l a m B u k u I I K U H P e r d a t a , k e t e n t u a n -

k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n h u k u m j a m i n a n a d a l a h g a d a i ipand)

d a n h i p o t e k . P a / i t / d i a t u r d a l a m P a s a l 1 1 5 0 K U H P e r d a t a s a m p a i d e n g a n P a s a l

] 1 6 0 K U H P e r d a t a , s e d a n g k a n h i p o t e k d i a t u r d a l a m P a s a l 1 1 6 2 s a m p a i d e n g a n

P a s a I 1 1 6 8 .

Credietverband m e r u p a k a n k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e m b e b a n a n j a m i n a n b a g i o r a n g b u m i p u t r a ( I n d o n e s i a a s l i ) . P a d a z a m a n J e p a n g k e t e n t u a n h u k u m j a m i n a n t i d a k b e r k e m b a n g , k a r e n a p a d a z a m a n i n i k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g d i b e r l a k u k a n d a l a m p e m b e b a n a n j a m i n a n d i d a s a r k a n p a d a k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m K U H P e r d a t a d a n Credietverband, h a l i n i d a p a t d i k e t a h u i d a r i b u n y i P a s a l 3 U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 T a h u n 1 9 4 2 , y a n g l ? e r b u n y i : s e m u a b a d a n - b a d a n p e m e r i n t a h , k e k u a s a a n n y a , h u k u m d a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g d a r i p e m e r i n t a h t e r d a h u l u , t e t a p d i a k u i u n t u k s e m e n t a r a w a k t u a s a l s a j a t i d a k b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n P e m e r i n t a M i l i t e r . ' *

' ^ i m HS, 2014, Perkembang.m H u k u m J a m i n a n D i I n d o n e s i a , Raja Graflndo Persada, Jakarta,, hlm.2.

1

2

W a l a u p u n p a d a z a m a n k e m e r d e k a a n s a m p a i d e n g a n s a a t i n i , p e m e r i n t a h

I n d o n e s i a t e l a h b a n y a k m e n e t a p k a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n

j a m i n a n , n a m u n k i t a m a s i h m e m b e r l a k u k a n k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g

t e r c a n t u m d a l a m B u k u I I K U H P e r < l a t a . K e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g m a s i h b e r l a k u

d a l a m B u k u 11 K U H P e r d a t a a d a l a h y a n g b e i k a i t a d e n g a n g a d a i ipand) d a n

h i p o t e k , t e r u t a m a y a n g b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n p e m b e b a n a n a t a s h i p o t e k k a p a l l a u t

y a n g b e r a t n y a 2 0 m ^ d a n p e s a w a t u d a r a . S e d a n g k a n h a l - h a l y a n g b e r k a i t a n

d e n g a n h a k a t a s t a n a h . b e r l a k u . k e t e n t u a n h u k u m y a n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m

U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 4 T a h u n 1 9 9 6 t e n t a n g H a k T a n g g u n g a n .

B a n k d a n l e m b a g a k e u a n f ^ a n l a i n n y a b e r f u n g s i a n t a r a l a i n u n t u k

m e m b e r i k a n k r e d i t K r e d i t i a l a h s u a t u f a s i l i t a s u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h p i n j a m a n

u a n g . P i n j a m a n u a n g m e n y e b a b k a n t i m b u l n y a u t a n g , y a n g h a r u s d i b a y a r o l e h

d e b i t u r m e n u r u t s y a r a t - s y a r a t y a n g d i t e t a p k a n d a l a m s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n p i n j a m a n

a t a u p e r s e t u j u a n u n t u k m e m b u k a k r e d i t .

Dalam kegiatan lembaga k e u a n g a n y a n g m e m b e r i k a n f a s i l i t a s k r e d i t

a d a n y a b a r a n g u n t u k j a m i n a n p e m b a y a r a n u t a n g d e b i t u m y a m e r u p a k a n u n s u r

y a n g s a n g a t p e n t i n g ( w a l a u p u n b u k a n y a n g p a l i n g p e n t i n g ) . S e b a b s u a t u k r e d i t

yang tidak m e m i l i k i j a m i n a n y a n g c u k u p m e n g a n d u n g b a h a y a y a n g b e s a r .

K e a d a a n k e u a n g a n d e b i t u r m u n g k i n s a j a s e c a r a t i d a k t e r d u g a j a t u h p a d a s i t u a s i

g a w a t , s e h i n g g a d e b i t u r t i d a k m a n i p u l a g i m e m b a y a r u t a n g n y a . J i k a k e a d a a n

i t u t e r j a d i , m a k a j a m i n a n y a n g a d a h a r u s d i j u a l . B i l a h a s i l p e n j u a l a n i t u t i d a k

cukup m e l u n a s i u t a n g d e b i t u r , m a k a k r e d i t u r d i r u g i k a n .

3

J a m i n a n y a n g d i k e h e n d a k i o l e h k r e d i t u r , a d a l a h s e d e m i k i a n r u p a , s e h i n g g a k r e d i t u r i t u m e m p u n y a i h a k i s t i m e w a . P i u t a n g n y a d i l u n a s i t e r l e b i h d a h u l u d a r i h a s i l p e n j u a l a j i b a r a n g y a n g d i j a m i n k a n , d e n g a n m e n g e n y a m p i n g k a n k r e d i t u r l a i n . S e l a i n i t u , w a l a u p u n b e n d a y a n g d i j a m i n k a n i t u s u d a h d i j u a l , d i h i b a h k a n a t a u d e n g a n c a r a l a i n b u k a n l a g i milik/meajadi hak yang m e n j a m i n k a n , k r e d i t u r t e t a p b e r h a k m e n j u a l b a r a n g j a m i n a n i t u d e n g a n m e n g a m b i l h a s i l p e n j u a l a n n y a u n t u k p e l i m a s a n p i u t a n g n y a . H a k k r e d i t u r i t u t e r n s m e l e k a t p a d a b e n d a j a m i n a n . ^ *

A p a b i l a t e m y a t a d e b i t u r b e l u m d i n y a t a k a n w a n p r e s t a s i t e t a p i k r e d i t u r

l a n t a s m e n j u a l b e n d a j a m i n a n t a n p a s e p e n g e t a h u a n d e b i t u r m a k a h a l i t u t e n t u

s a j a m e l a n g g a r k e w a j i b a n P e m e g a n g J a m i n a n ( K r e d i t u r ) s e p e r t i y a n g

t e r c a n t u m d a l a m P a s a l 1 1 5 6 a y a t 2 d a n 3 K U H P e r d a t a y a n g m e w a j i b k a n

Pemegang Jamman (Kreditur) untuk m e m b e r i t a h u k a n k e p a d a P e m b e r i J a m i n a n

( D e b i t u r ) j i k a b e n d a j a m i n a n a k a n d i j u a l . M a k a s e t i a p p e r b u a t a n h u k i u n y a n g

d i l a k u k a n o l e h k r e d i t u r u n t u k m e n j u a l b e n d a g a d a i t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i n y a t a k a n

" h a t a J " . K a r e n a p a d a p r i n s i p n y a s e o r a n g k r e d i t u r b a r u m e m i l i k i h a k u n t u k

m e n g e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n k e t i k a d e b i t u r w a n p r e s t a s i . D a n s y a r a t s e o r a n g

d e b i t u r d i n y a t a k a n w a n p r e s t a s i t e r s e b u t t e r c a n t u m d a l a m P a s a l 1 1 5 5 K U H

Perdata, yaitu s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

1 . D e b i t u r a t a u p e m b e r i j a m i n a n t i d a k m e m e n u h i k e w a j i b a n

2 . S e t e l a h l a m p a u n y a j a n g k a w a k m y a n g d i t e n t u k a n , a t a u

3 . S e t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p e r i n g a t a n u n t u k p e m e n u h a n p e r j a n j i a n d a l a m h a l t i d a k

a d a k e t e n t u a n t e n t a n g j a n g k a w a k t u y a n g p a s t i .

' EfTendi Perangin, 1987, Praktek Penggunaan T a n a h Sebagai J a m i n a n Kredit. Rajawali Pers, Jakarta,, him. 10.

4

M e n g a c u p a d a k e t e n t u a n P a s a l 1 1 5 4 K I T H P e r d a t a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n

b a h w a k r e d i t u r t i d a k d i p e r k e n a n k a n m e m i l i k i b a r a n g y a n g d i g a d a i k a n ,

a p a b i l a d e b i t u r t e m y a t a t i d a k m e m e n u h i k e w a j i b a n - k e w a j i b a n n y . B e g i t u

p u l a j i k a t e r d a p a t j a n j i y a n g b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n l a r a n g a n t e r s e b u t

m e n g a k i b a t k a n p e r j a n j i a n g a d a i m e n j a d i b a t a l d a n d i a n g g a p t i d a k p e m a h

t e r j a d i g a d a i . ^ ^

S e o r a n g k r e d i t u r b a m m e m p u n y a i h a k u n t u k m e n j u a l j a m i n a n k e t i k a

d e b i t u r t e l a h d i n y a t a k a n w a n p r e s t a s i ( P a s a l 1 1 5 5 K U H P e r d a t a ) d a n h a r u s

m e m b e r i t a h u k a n d u l u k e p a d a d e b i t u r k e t i k a a k a n m e n j u a l b e n d a j a m i n a n

t e r s e b u t ( P a s a l 1 1 5 6 a y a t 2 d a n 3 K U H P e r d a t a ) .

B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t ( B P R ) a d a l a h l e m b a g a k e u a n g a n b a n k y a n g

menenma simpanan hanya d a l a m b e n t u k d e p o s i t o b e r j a n g k a , t a b u n g a n ,

d a n / a t a u b e n t u k l a i n y a n g d i p e r s a m a k a n d a n m e n y a l u r k a n d a n a s e b a g a i u s a h a .

B e r d a s a r k a n u r a i a n d i a t a s , p e n u l i s t e r t a r i k u n t u k m e m b a h a s s e c a r a

singkat dan sederhana tentang b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g ,

d e n g a n j u d u l Eksekusi Benda Jaminan Dalam Pinjam Meminjam Uang

Melalui Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Puskopat Palembang

'Handayani Eka Budiantta,^Gadai\ di akses dari http://acadeinia.ac.id/-pada tanggal, 18 Oktober 2016, Pukul 17:11

5

B. Rumusan Masalah

1 . B a g a i m a n a p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m

u a n g d i B P R P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g ?

2 . F a k t o r - f a k t o r a p a k a h y a n g m e n j a d i p e n u n j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t p e l a k s a n a a n

e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d i

B P R P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g ?

C . Ruang Lingkup Dan Tujuan

D a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i p e n u l i s m e l a k u k a n p e m b a t a s a n d a l a m p e m b a h a s a n

m a s a l a h d e n g a n m e n i t i k b e r a t k a n p e r h a t i a n p a d a e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m

p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g , d e n g a n m e n g a m b i l l o k a s i p e n e l i t i a n d i B a n k

P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g d a n t i d a k m e n u t u p k e m u n g k i n a n

u n t u k j u g a m e m b a h a s h a l - h a l l a i n y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p e r m a s a l a h a n .

T u j u a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h u n t u k m e n g e t a h u i :

1 . P e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g d i B P R

P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g .

2 . F a k t o - f a k t o r y a n g m e n j a d i p e n u n j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i

b e n d a j a m i n a n d i B P R P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g .

D. Kerangka Konseptual

D e f i n i s i o p e r a s i o n a l a t a u k e r a n g k a k o n s e p t u a l a d a l a h k e r a n g k a y a n g m e n g g a m a r k a n h u b u n g a n a n t a r a d e f i n i s i - d e f i n s i / k o n s e p - k o t i s e p k h u s u s y a n g a k a n d i t e l i t i . K o n s e p m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u u n s u r k o n k r i t d a r i s k r i p s i . N a m u n d e m i k i a n , m a s i h d i p e r l u k a n p e n j a b a r a n l e b i h l a n j u t d a r i k o n s e p i n i d e n g a n j a l a n m e m b e r i k a n d e f i n i s i o p e r a s i o n a l n y a . D e f i n i s i o p e r a s i o n a l m e m p u n y a i t u j u a n u n t u k m e m p e r o l e h c a k u p a n m a k n a v a r i a b e l s e h i n g g a data yang d i a m b i J a k a n l e b i h t e r f o k u s . S e b a g a i c o n t o h , j u d u l s k r i p s i " P e n g g e l a p a n D a n a C a l o n H a j i M e n u r u t U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 13 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 t e n t a n g P e n y e l e n g g a r a a n I b a d a h H a j i " , m a k a d a l a m d e f i n i s i

6

o p e r a s i o n a l / k e r a n g k a k o n s e p , d i j e l a s k a n a p a y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n p e n g g e l a p a n , c a l o n h a j i , i b a d a h h a j i / ^

U n t u k m e m u d a h k a n p e m b a h i i s a n d a l a m p e n e l i t i a n i n i p e r l u d i k e m u k a k a n

b e b e r a p a d e f i n i s i o p e r a s i o n a l s e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n i s t i l a h - i s t i l a h y a n g t e r k a i t

d e n g a n p e r m a s a l a h a n , a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . E k s e k u s i a d a l a h p e l a k s a n a a n h u k u m a n b a d a n p e r a d i l a n , h u k u m a n

p e n j u a l a n h a r t a o r a n g k a r e n a b e r d a s a r k a n p e n y i t a a n . ^ *

2 . B e n d a a d a l a h s e g a l a s e s u a t u y a n g d a p a t m e n j a d i o b j e k h u k u m , y a i t u

s e b a g a i l a w a n d a r i s u b j e k h u k u m . O b j e k h u k u m i a l a h s e g a l a s e s u a t u y a n g

b e r g u n a b a g i s u b j e k h u k u m ( r n a n u s i a a t a u b a d a n h u k u m ) d a n y a n g d a p a t

m e n j a d i p o k o k ( o b j e k ) s u a t u h u b u n g a n h u k u m , k a r e n a s e s u a t u i t u d a p a t

d i k u a s a i o l e h s u b j e k h u k u m . ^ *

3. Jaminan adaiah konstruksi y u r i d i s y a n g m e m u n g k i n k a n p e m b e r i a n f a s i l i t a s

k r e d i t , d e n g a n m e n j a m i n k a n b e n d a - b e n d a y a n g d i b e l i n y a s e b a g a i j a m i n a n .

P e r a t u r a n d e m i k i a n h a r u s c u k u p m e y a k i n k a n d a n m e m b e r i k a n k e p a s t i a n

h u k u m b a g i J e m b a g a - l e m b a g a k r e d i t , b a i k d a r i d a l a m n e g e r i m a u p u n l u a r

n e g e r i . A d a n y a l e m b a g a j a m i n a n d a n l e m b a g a d e m i k i a n , k i r a n y a h a r u s

d i b a r e n g i d e n g a n l e m b a g a k r e d i t d e n g a n j u m l a h b e s a r , d e n g a n j a n g k a

w a k t u yang lama dan bunga yang r e l a t i f r e n d a h . ^ *

4 . B e n d a j a m i n a n a d a l a h j a m i n a n y a n g b e r s i f a t k e b e n d a a n y a n g b e r u p a h a k

m u t l a k a t a s s u a t u b e n d a , y a n g m e m p u n y a i c i r i - c i r i m e m p u n y a i h u b i m g a n

^^uku Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, 2015, Fakultas Hukum, Universitas Muhammadiyah Palembang, him. 5

'YCamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, diakses dari http://kbbi.web.ld/eksekusi pada tanggal 19 Oktober 2016 Pukul 08:09

Rachmadi Usman, 2011, H u k u m Kebendaan, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, him 48 ^ ibid, hlm.5.

7

l a n g s u n g a t a s b e n d a t e r t e n t u d e b i t u r , d a p a t d i p e r t a h a n k a n t e r h a d a p

s i a p a p u n , s e l a i u m e n g i k u t i b e n d a n y a d a n d a p a t d i p e r a l i h k a n . ^ ^

5 . P i n j a m a d a l a h s u a t u j e n i s h u t a n g y a n g dapat m e l i b a t k a n s e m u a j e n i s b e n d a

b e r w u j u d w a l a u p u n b i a s a n y a l e b i h s e r i n g d i i n d e n t i k k a n d e n g a n p i n j a m a n

m o n e t e r . S e p e r t i h a i n y a i n s t r u m e n h u t a n g l a i n n y a , s u a t u h u t a n g

m e m e r l u k a n d i s t r i b u s i u l a n g a s e t k e u a n g a n s e i r i n g w a k t u a n t a r a p e m i n j a m

( t e d i u t a n g ) d a n p e n g h u t a n g ( p e m b e r i h u t a n g ) . ' *

6 . M e m i n j a m a d a l a h m e m i n t a s u a t u b e n d a a t a u b a r a n g k e p a d a s e s e o r a n g

y a n g m e m i n j a m k a n , d i m a n a s i p e m i n j a m b o l e h m e n g a m b i l m a n f a a t n y

d e n g a n t i d a k m e r u s a k b e n d a i t u , a g a r b a r a n g i t u d a p a t d i k e m b a l i k a n

k e p a d a s i p e m b e r i p i n j a m a n d e n g a n k o n d i s i b a i k d a n u tuh. '***

7 . P i n j a m m e m m j a m a d a l a h s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n , y a n g m e n e n t u k a n p i h a k

p e r t a m a m e n y e r a h k a n s e j u m l a h b a r a n g y a n g d a p a t h a b i s t e r p a k a i k e p a d a

p i h a k k e d u a d e n g a n s y a r a t b a h w a p i h a k k e d u a i t u a k a n m e n g e m b a l i k a n

b a r a n g s e j e n i s k e p a d a p i h a k p e r t a m a d a l a m j u m l a h d a n k e a d a a n y a n g

s a m a

%ttp://woFdpress.com/2011/1 l/OLperbedaan-jamman-kebendaan-dan-janunan-p e w r a n & n , diaksespada taaggailO Oktol>er2016. Pukul 16:13.

'httpiZ/wikipedia, diakses pada tanggal 19 Oktober2016, Pukul 17:54. '°^ttp://pengayaan.conVpengeitian-piiijaiii-meminjam, diakses pada tanggal 19 Oktober

2016, Pukul 18:23. "^Soedaryo Soimin, K U a b Undang-Undang H u k u m Perdata, Sinar Grafika, Jakarta,

2013, hal. 438.

8

8 . B a n k a d a l a h s a l a h s a t u b a d a n u s a h a l e m b a g a k e u a n g a n y a n g b e r t u j u a n

m e m b e r i k a n k r e d i t , b a i k d e n g a n a l a t p e m b a y a r a n s e n d i r i , d e n g a n u a n g

y a n g d i p e r o l e h n y a d a r i o r a n g l a i n , d e n g a n j a l a n m e n g e d a r k a n a l a t - a l a t

p e m b a y a r a n b a r u b e r u p a u a n g g i r a l , b a n k j u g a m e r u p a k a n s u a t u l e m b a g a

k e v u m g a n y a n g e k s i s t e n s i n y a t e r g a n t u n g m u t l a k p a d a k e p e r c a y a a n m u t l a k

d a r i p a r a n a s a b a h n y a y a n g m e m p e r c a y a k a n d a n a d a n j a s a - j a s a l a i n n y a

y a n g d i l a k u k a n m e r e k a m e l a l u i b a n k p a d a k h u s u s n y a d a n d a r i m a s y a r a k a t

l u a s p a d a u m u m n y a . ' ^ *

9 . B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t a d a l a h b a n k y a n g m e l a k s a n a k a n k e g i a t a n u s a h a

s e c a r a k o n v e n s i o n a l a t a u b e r d a s a r k a n p r i n s i p s y a r i a h , y a n g d a l a m

k e g i a t a n n y a t i d a k m e m b e r i k a n j a s a d a l a m l a l u l i n t a s p e m m b a y a r a n .

E . Metode Penelitian

1 . J e n i s d a n s i f a t p e n e l i t i a n

S e l a r a s d e n g a n p e m b a h a s a n p e r m a s a l a h a n , m a k a j e n i s p e n e l i t i a n i n i

t e r g o l o n g p e n e l i t i a n h u k i u n s o s i o l o g i s , y a n g b e r s i f a t d e s k n p t i f d e n g a n

m e n g g a m b a r k a n p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m

m e m i n j a m u a n g d i B P R P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g s e r t a f a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g

d a n p e n g h a m b a t e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d i B P R P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g

\

'^'Adrian Sutedi, 2014, Hukum P e r b a n k m S i n a r Grafika, Jakarta, him. 1 '^^ittp://q/k.^.jd/Bank-Perkredhan-Rakyat, diakses pada tanggal 19 Oktober 2016, Pukul

19:02

9

2 . J e n i s d a t a

S e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n i t u , m a k a j e n i s d a t a y a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n d a l a m

p e n e l i t i a n i n i a d a l a h d a t a s e k u n d e r d a n d a t a p r i m e r .

3 . T e k n i k p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a

T e k n i k p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a , d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a :

a . P e n e l i t i a n K e p u s t a k a a n (Library Research).

P e n e l i t i a n k e p u s t a k a a n , y a i t u m e l a k u k a n p e n g k a j i a n t e r h a d a p d a t a

s e k u r u i e r b e r u p a b a h a n h u k u m p r i m e r ( p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - i m d a n g a n ) ,

b a h a n h u k u m s e k u n d e r ( l i t e n i t u r , l a p o r a n h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n , m a k a l a h , k a r y a

i l m i a h y a n g d i m u a t d a l a m t n a j a i a h i l m i a h ) , d a n b a h a n h u k u m t e r s i e r

( k a m u s B a h a s a I n d o n e s i a , k a m u s B a h a s a I n g g r i s , k a m u s B a h a s a

B e l a n d a , k a m u s h u k u m , e n s i k l o p e d i a , d a t a s t a t i s t i k ) y a n g r e l e v a n d e n g a n

p e r m a s a l a h a n p e n e l i t i a n i n i .

b . P e n e l i t i a n L a p a n g a n (Field Research)

P e n e l i t i a n l a p a n g a n , y a i t u p t m g u m p u l a n d a t a p r i m e r d e n g a n m e l a k u k a n

o b s e r v a s i d a n w a w a n c a r a d e n g a n p i h a k - p i h a k t e r k a i t , y a i t u P e j a b a t y a n g

b e r w e n a n g d i B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g .

4. T e k n i k p e n g o l a h a n d a t a

P e n g o l a h a n d a t a d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a m e n g o l a h d a n m e n g a n a l i s i s d a t a

y a n g t e l a h d i k u m p u l k a n s e c a r a t e k s t u a l , l a l u d i k o n s t n i k s i k a n s e c a r a

k u a l i t a t i f , u n t u k s e l a n j u t n y a d i t a r i k s u a t u k e s i m p u l a n .

10

F. Sistematika Penulisan

S i s t e m a t i k a p e n u l i s a n t e r d i r i d a r i e m p a t b a b y a i t u :

B A B I P e n d a h u l u a n

P a d a b a b i n i t e r d i r i d a r i l a t a r b e l a k a n g , p e r m a s a l a h a n , r u a n g

l i n g k u p d a n t u j u a n , k e r a n g k a k o n s e p t u a l , m e t o d e p e n e l i t i a n , d a n

s i s t e m a t i k a p e n u l i s a n .

B A B 11 T i n j a u a n P u s t a k a

P a d a b a b i n i d i s a j i k a n t e n t a n g , p e n g e r t i a n b e n d a j a m i n a n , p r o s e s

e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g , s y a r a t

p e r j a n j i a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g d i B P R , a k i b a t h u k u m

e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r h a d a p d e b i t u r , t i n j a u a n h u k u m t e r h a d a p

d e b i t u r , u p a y a h u k u m t e r h a d a p d e b i t u r .

B A B I I I . P e m b a h a s a n

D a l a m b a b i n i m e m b a h a s m e n g e n a i , p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a

j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g d i B P R P u s k o p a t

P a l e m b a n g s e r t a f a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t e k s e k u s i

b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g d i B P R P u s k o p a t

P a l e m b a n g .

B A B I V . P e n u t u p

B a b i n i b e r i s i k a n k e s i i i i p u l a n d a n s a r a n .

D A F T A R P U S T A K A

L A M P I R A N

BABn TINJAU.\N PUSTAKA

A. Tinjauan Umum Tentang Perjanjian

1. Pengertian Perjanjian

P e n g e r t i a n p e r j a n j i a n m e n u r u t S u b k e t i y a i t u p e r j a n j i a n m e r u p a k a n

s u a t u p e r i s t i w a d i m a n a s e s e o r a n g b e i j a n j i k e p a d a o r a n g l a i n , a t a u d l m a n a

d u a o r a n g s a l i n g b e r j a n j i u n t u k m e l a k s a n a k a n s e s u a t u h a l . ' ' * *

S e c a r a e t i m o l o g i s p e r j a n j i a n ( d a l a m B a h a s a A r a b d i i s t i l a h k a n d e n g a n

M u ' a h a d a h I t t i f a ' ( A k a d ) a t a u k o n t r a k d a p a t d i a r t i k a n s e b a g a i : p e r j a n j i a n

a t a u p e r s e t u j u a n a t a u l e b i h m e n g i k a t k a n d i r i n y a t e r h a d a p s e s e o r a n g l a i n

a t a u l e b i h .

B e r d a s a r k a n d e f i n i s i y a n g t e l a h d i k e m u k a k a n d a p a t d i k a t a k a n b a h w a , p e r j a n j i a n a d a l a h s u a t u p e r b u a t a n k e s e p a k a t a n a n t a r a s e s e o r a n g a t a u b e b e r a p a o r a n g a t a u s e s e o r a n g d e n g a n s e s e o r a n g a t a u b e b e r a p a o r a n g l a i n n y a u n t u k m e l a k u k a n s e s u a t u p e r b u a t a n t e r t e n t u . D i d a l a m h u k u m k a l a u p e r b u a t a n i t u m e m p u n y a i a k i b a t h u k i u n m a k a p e r b u a t a n t e r s e b u t diistilahkan dengan perbuatati h u k u m . '̂ *

P a s a l 1 3 1 3 K U H P c r d a l J i m c n d e f i n i s i k a n b a h w a P e r j a n j i a n a d a l a h

s u a t u p e r b u a t a n d e n g a n m a n a s a t u o r a n g a t a u l e b i h m e n g i k a t k a n d i r i n y a

t e r h a d a p s a t u o r a n g a t a u l e b i h l a i n n y a .

* Subekti, 2001, Hukum P e r j a n j i a n , Intcrmasa, Jakarta, him. 1. '̂ Tpjjsaribu Chatfuium, 2004, H u k u m P e r j a n j i a n D a l a m I s l a m , Sinar Grafika, Jakarta,

ha l l .

11

12

D a l a m h u k u m p e r j a n j i a n d a p a t d i j u m p a i b e b e r a p a a sa s p e n t i n g y a n g

p e r l u d i k e t a h u i . A s a s - a s a s t e r s e b u t a d a l a h s e p e r t i d i u r a i k a n d i b a w a h i n i :

a . S i s t e m T e r b u k a (Open system). A s a s i n i m e m p u y a i a r t i b a h w a s e t i a p

o r a n g b o l e h m e n g a d a k a n p e i j a n j i a n a p a s a j a w a l a u p u n b e l u m a t a u t i d a k

d i a t u r d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g . A s a s i n i s e r i n g d i s e b u t " A s a s k e b e b a s a n

b e r k o n t r a k " (freedom of making contract). W a l a u p u n b e r l a k u a s a s i n i ,

k e b e b a s a n b e r k o n t r a k t e r s e b u t d i b a t a s i o l e h u n d a n g - u n d a n g , t i d a k

b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n k e s u s i l a a n d a n t i d a k b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n

k e t e r t i b a n u m u m .

b . B e r s i f a t P e l e n g k a p (optimal). H u k u m p e r j a n j i a n b e r s i f a t p e l e n g k a p ,

a p a b i l a p i h a k - p i h a k y a n g m e m b u a t p e r j a n j i a n m e n g h e n d a k i d a n

m e m b u a t k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n s e n d i r i y a n g m e n y i m p a n g d a r i

k e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n p a s a l d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g . T e t a p i a p a b i l a d a l a m

p e r j a n j i a n y a n g m e r e k a b u a t t i d a k d i t e n t u k a n , m a k a b e r l a k u l a h

k e t e n t u a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g . C o n t o h n y a P a s a l 1 4 7 7 K U H P e r d a t a ,

" P e n y e r a h a n h a m s t e r j a d i d i t e m p a t d i m a n a b a r a n g y a n g t e r j u a l b e r a d a

p a d a w a k t u p e n j u a l a n , j i k a t e n t a n g i t u d i a d a k a n p e r s e t u j u a n l a i n " .

c . B e r s i f a t Konsensual, a r t i n y a p e r j a n j i a n i t u t e r j a d i ( a d a ) s e j a k s a a t

t e r c a p a i n y a k a t a s e p a k a t a n t a r a p i h a k - p i h a k . D e n g a n k a t a l a i n

p e r j a n j i a n i t u s u d a h s a h < j a n m e m p u n y a i a k i b a t h u k u m s e j a k s a a t

t e r c a p a i k a t a s e p a k a t a n t a r a p i h a k - p i h a k m e n g e n a i p o k o k p e r j a n j i a n .

d . B e r s i f a t obligatory, a r t i n y a p e r j a n j i a n y a n g d i b u a t o l e h p i h a k - p i h a k i t u

b a r u d a l a m t a r a f m e n i m b u l k a n h a k d a n k e w a j i b a n s a j a . b e l u m

13

m e m i n d a h k a n h a k m i l i . H a k m i l i k b a r u b e r p i n d a h , a p a b i l a d i p e r j a n j i a n

terseiKiiri y a n g d i s e b u t p e r j a n j i a n y a n g b e r s i f a t k e b e n d a a n . ' ^ *

2. Syarat-syarat Perjanjian

P a s a l 1 3 2 0 K U H P e r d a t i i m e n e n t u k a n e m p a t s y a r a t u n t u k s a h n y a s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n y a i t u : a . K e c a k a p a n u n t u k m e m b u a t s u a t u p e r i k a t a n , b . S e p a k a t m e r e k a y a n g m e n g i k a t k a n d i r i n y a , c . S u a t u h a l t e r t e n t u , d Kausa yang hala).' ̂ *

S y a r a t p e r t a m a d a n k e d u a d i s e b u t s y a r a t s u b y e k t i f k a r e n a k e d u a s y a r a t

t e r s e b u t h a r u s d i p e n u h i o \ e h s u b j e k h u k u m . S e d a n g k a n s y a r a t k e t i g a d a n

k e e m p a t d i s e b u t s y a r a t o b y e k t i f k a r e n a k e d u a s y a r a t i n i h a m s d i p e n u h i o l e h

o b j e k p e r j a n j i a n .

T i d a k d i p e n u h i s y a r a t s u b y e k t i f a k a n m e n g a k i b a t k a n s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n

m e n j a d i d a p a t d i b a t a l k a n . M a k s u d n y a i a l a h p e r j a n j i a n t e r s e b u t m e n j a d i

b a t a l a p a b i l a a d a y a n g m e m o h o n k a n p e m b a t a l a n . S e d a n g k a n t i d a k

d i p e n u h i n y a s y a r a t o b y e k t i f a k a n m e n g a k i b a t k a n p e r j a n j i a n t e r s e b u t

m e n j a d i b a t a l d e m i h u k u m . A r t i n y a s e j a k s e m u l a d i a n g g a p t i d a k p e m a h

d i l a h i r k a n s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n d a n t i d a k p e m a h a d a s u a t u p e r i k a t a n .

B e r i k u t i n i p e n j e l a s a n d a r i s y a r a t - s y a r a t t e r s e b u t :

a . Kecak ^ M i n u n t u k m e m b u a t s u a t u p e r i k a t a n

P a s a l 1 3 3 0 K U H P e r d a t a m e n e n t u k a n b a h w a s e t i a p o r a n g a d a l a h c a k a p

u n t u k m e m b u a t p e r i k a t a n , k e c u a l i u n d a n g - u n d a n g y a n g m e n e n t u k a n

b a h w a s e s e o r a n g t i d a k c a k a p u n t u k m e m b u a t p e r j a n j i a n d a p a t

' Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1999, Asas-Asas H u k u m P e r j a n j i a n , Sumur Bandung, him. 67 '^*P.N.H. SmMRjuntak,20Q9, Poio*-PoAo* Hukum Perdata I n d o n e s i a , Sinar Grafika,

Jakarta, hlni.334

14

d i t e m u k a n d a l a m P a s a l 1 3 3 0 K U H P e r d a t a y a i t u , o r a n g - o r a n g y a n g

b e l u m d e w a s a d a n m e r e k a y a n g b e r a d a d i b a w a h p e n g a m p u a n .

b . S e p a k a t m e r e k a y a n g m e n g i icat d i r i n y a

M a k s u d n y a i a l a h p a r a p i h a k y a n g t e r l i h a t d a l a m p e r j a n j i a n h a r u s

s e p a k a t a t a u s e t u j u m e n g e n a i h a l - h a l p o k o k d a r i p e r j a n j i a n t e r s e b u t .

P a s a l 1 3 3 1 K U H P e r d a t a m e n e n t u k a n b a h w a k a t s e p a k a t t i d a k s a h

a p a b i l a d i b e r i k a n k a r e n a k e k h i l a f a n a t a u d i p e r o l e h d e n g a n p a k s a a n

a t a u p e n i p u a n .

c . S u a t u h a l t e r t e n t u

M e n g e n a i h a l i n i d a p a t k i t a t e m u k a n d a l a m p a s a l 1 3 3 2 K U H P e r d a t a .

Pasai 1 3 3 2 K U H P e r d a t a m e n e n t u k a n b a h w a : " h a n y a b a r a n g - b a r a n g

y a n g d a p a t d i p e r d a g a n g k a n s a j a d a p a t m e n j a d i p o k o k s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n "

d . K a u s a y a n g h a l a l

M a k s u d n y a i a l a h i s i d a r i p e r j a n j i a n t i d a k d i l a r a n g o l e h u n d a n g - u n d a n g

a t a u t i d a k b e r t e n t a n g a n d e n g a n k e s u s i l a a n a t a u k e t e r t i b a n u m u m ( P a s a l

1 3 3 7 K U H P e r d a t a ) . S e l a i n i t u P a s a l 1 3 3 5 K U H P e r d a t a j u g a

menentukan b a h w a suatu p e r j a n j i a n y a n g d i b u a t t a n p a s e b a b a t a u d i b u a t

k a r e n a s u a t u s e b a b y a n g p a l s u a t a u t e r l a r a n g a d a l a h t i d a k m e m p u n y a i

k e k u a t a n h u k u m .

3. Jeais-jeoia P e r l a n j i a n

D i d a l a m h u k u m p e r j a n j i a n t e r d a p a t b e b e r a p a j e n i s p e i j a n j i a n , s e c a r a

u m u m p e r j a n j i a n d a p a t d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i d u a k e l o m p o k y a i m p e r j a n j i a n

o W i g a f o r dan perjanjian non o b l i g a t o r .

16

3 . Perjanjian konsensuil, perjanjian rill, dan perjanjian formil.

P e r j a n j i a n k o n s e n s u i l a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g m e n g i k a t s e j a k a d a n y a

k e s e p a k a t a n d a r i k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k . P e r j a n j i a n riil a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g

t i d a k h a n y a m e n s y a r a t k a n k e s e p a k a t a n , n a m u n j u g a m e n s y a r a t k a n

p e n y e r a h a n o b j e k p e q a n j i a n a t a u b e n d a n y a S e d a n g k a n p e r j a n j i a n f o r m i l

a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g s e l a i n d l b u t u h k a n k a t a s e p a k a t , j u g a d i b u t u h k a n

f o r m a l i t a s t e r t e n t u s e s u a i d e n g a n a p a y a n g t e l a h d i t e n t u k a n o l e h u n d a n g -

u n d a n g .

4 . Perjanjian bernama, perj anjian tak bemama, dan perjanjian

campuran. P e r j a n j i a n b e m a m a a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g s e c a r a k h u s u s

d i a t u C T d i d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g . P e r j a n j i a n t a k b e m a m a a d a l a h

p e r j a n j i a n y a n g t i d a k d i a t u r s e c a r a k h u s u s d i d a l a m u n d a n g - u n d a n g .

M i s a l n y a p e r j a n j i a n l e a s i n g , franchising d a n f a c t o r i n g . S e d a n g k a n

p e r j a n j i a n c a m p u r a n a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g m e m p a k a n k o m b i n a s i d a r i

d u a a t a u l e b i h p e r j a n j i a n b e m a m a .

P e r j a n j i a n n o n o b l i g a t o r t e r b a g i m e n j a d i :

1 ) Zakelijk overeenkomst, a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g m e n e t a p k a n

d i p i n d a h k a n n y a s u a t u h a k d a r i s e s e o r a n g k e p a d a o r a n g l a i n . M i s a l n y a

b a l i k n a m a h a k a t a s t a n a h .

2 ) Bevifs overeenkomst, a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n u n t u k m e m b u k t i k a n s e s u a t u

3 ) Liberatoir overeenkomst, a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n d i m a n a s e s e o r a n g

m e m b e b a s k a n p i h a k l a i n d a r i s u a t u k e w a j i b a n

15

P e r j a n j i a n o b l i g a t o r a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g m e w a j i b k a n s e s e o r a n g

u n t u k m e n y e r a h k a n a t a u m e m b a y a r s e s u a t u . S e d a n g k a n p e r j a n j i a n n o n

o b l i g a t o r a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n > a n g t i d a k m e w a j i b k a n s e s e o r a n g u n t u k

m e n y e r a h k a n a t a u m e m b a y a r s e s u a t u . ' * '

P e r j a n j i a n o b l i g a t o r t e r b a g i m e n j a d i b e b e r a p a j e n i s , y a i t u ;

1 . Perjanjian sepihak dan perjanjian timbal balik. P e r j a n j i a n s e p i h a k

a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g m e m b e b a n k a n p r e s t a s i n y a h a n y a p a d a s a t u p i h a k .

M i s a l n y a p e r j a n j i a n h i b a h , p e r j a n j i a n p e n a n g g u n g a n , d a n p e r j a n j i a n

pemberian kuasa tanpa upah. S e d a n g k a n p e r j a n j i a n t i m b a l b a l i k a d a l a h

p e i j a n j i a n y a n g m e m b e b a n k c u i p r e s t a s i p a d a k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k . M i s a l n y a

j u a l b e i i .

2 . Perjanjian cuma-cuma dan perjanjian atas beban. P e r j a n j i a n C u m a -

C u m a a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n d i m a n a p i h a k y a n g s a t u m e m b e r i k a n s u a t u

k e u n t u n g a n k e p a d a p i h a k y a n g l a i n t a n p a m e n e r i m a s u a t u m a n f a a t b a g i

dirinya. Misalnya hibah, p i n j a m p a k a i , p i n j a m - m e m i n j a m t a n p a b u n g a ,

d a n p e n i t i p a n b a r a n g t a n p a b i a y a . S e d a n g k a n p e i j a n j i a n a t a s b e b a n

a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n y a n g m e w a j i b k a n p i h a k y a n g s a t u u n t u k m e l a k u k a n

p r e s t a s i b e r k a i t a n l a n g s u n g d e n g a n p r e s t a s i y a n g h a r u s d i l a k u k a n o l e h

p i h a k l a i n . C o n t o h p e i j a n j i a n a t a s b e b a n a d a l a h j u a l b e l i , s e w a m e n y e w a ,

d a n p i n j a m m e m i n j a m d e n g a n b i m g a .

'Herlin Budiono, 2010, A j a r a n U m u m Hukum P e r j a n j i a n dan Penerapan di B i d a n g KenoiixrUm, CUra MiPjZ., Bandung. 54

17

4 ) Vaststelling overeenkomst, a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n u n t u k m e n g a k h i r i

k e r a g u a n m e n g e n a i i s i d a n l u a s p e r h u b u n g a n h u k u m d i a n t a r a p a r a p i h a k .

A d a p u l a j e n i s - j e n i s p e r j a n j i a n r i e n u r u t S u b e k t i , y a i t u :

a ) P e r j a n j i a n j u a l b e l i

D a l a m P a s a l 1 4 5 7 B W d i a t u r t e n t a n g p e n g e r t i a n j u a l b e l i s e b a g a i b e r i k u t

: " P e r j a n j i a n j u a l b e l i m e r u p a k a n s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n d e n g a n m a n a p i h a k

y a n g s a t u m e n g i k a t k a n d i r i i i y a i m t u k m e n y e r a h k a n s u a t u b e n d a d a n

p i h a k l a i n m e m b a y a r h a r g a y a n g t e l a h d i j a n j i k a n " . " '

b ) P e r j a n j i a n s e w a - m e n y e w a

S e w a m e n y e w a a d a l a h s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n d e n g a n m a n a p i h a k y a n g s a t u

m e n g i k a t k a n d i r i n y a u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n k e p a d a p i h a k y a n g l a i n n y a

k e n i k m a t a n s u a t u b a r a n g , s e l a m a s u a t u w a k t u t e r t e n t u d a n d e n g a n

p e m b a y a r a n s u a t u h a r g a y a n ^ ; o l e h p i h a k t e r s e b u t t e r a k h i r i t u d i s a n g g u p i

p e m b a y a r a n n y a . D e m i k i a n d e f i n i s i y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h P a s a l 1 5 4 8 B W

m e n g e n a i p e r j a n j i a n s e w a - m e n y e w a . ^ * * '

c ) P e r j a n j i a n p i n j a m - m e m i n j a m

P i n j a m m e m i n j a m a d a l a h s u i i t u p e r j a n j i a n d e n g a n m a n a p i h a k y a n g s a t u

m e m b e r i k a n k e p a d a p i h a k y a n g l a i n s u a t u j u m l a h t e r t e n t u b a r a n g - b a r a n g

y a n g m e n g h a b i s k a r e n a p e n ^ a k a i a n , d e n g a n s y a r a t b a h w a p i h a k y a n g

' Ahmadi Mim, 2007, H u k u m K o n t r a k dan P e r a n c a n g a n K o n t r a k , Raja Graftndo, Jakarta, h h n 126

^"'Subekti, 1997, A n e k a P e r j a n j i a n , Alumni, Bandung, hlm.39.

18

t e r a k h i r i n i a k a n m e n g e m b a l i k a n s e j u m l a h y a n g s a m a d a r i j e n i s d a n m u t u

y a n g sama.^**

d ) P e n g h i b a h a n

P e n g h i b a h a n a d a l a h s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n d e n g a n m a n a s i p e n g h i b a h , d i w a k t u

h i d u p n y , d e n g a n c u m a - C u m a d a n d e n g a n t i d a k d a p a t d i t a r i k k e m b a l i ,

m e n y e r a h k a n s e s u a t u b a r a n g , g u n a k e p e r l u a n s i p e n e r i m a h i b a h y a n g

m e n e r i m a p e n y e r a h a n i tu.*^^*

B. Tinjauan Umum Tentang Jaminan

1. Pengertian Jaminan Kredit

I s t i l a h J a m i n a n m e r u p a k a n t e r j e m a h a n d a r i b a h a s a B e l a n d a , y a i t u

" Z a k e r h e i d " , s e d a n g k a n i s t i l a h " Z a k e r h e i d s r e c h t " d i g u n a k a n u n t u k h u k u m

j a m i n a n a t a u h a k j a m i n a n . b i a m u n i s t i l a h h u k u m j a m i n a n t e m y a t a

m e m p u n y a i m a k n a y a n g l e b i h l u a s d a n u m u m s e r t a b e r s i f a t m e n g a t u r

d i b a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n h a k j a m i t i a n s e p e r t i h a i n y a h u k u m k e b e n d a a n y a n g

m e m p u n y a i r u a n g l i n g k u p y a n g l e b i h l u a s d a n m e m p u n y a i s i f a t m e n g u k u r

d a r i p a d a h a k k e b e n d a a n . ^ ^ '

S e d a n g l c a a i s t U a h . k r e d i t b e r a s a l d a r i b a h a s a Y u n a n i , y a i t u " C r e d e r e " ,

y a n g j i k a d i t e r j e m a h k a n d a l a m b a h a s a I n d o n e s i a m e n j a d i K r e d i t , y a n g

a r t i n y a i a l a h k e p e r c a y a a n . S e s e o r a n g a t a u b a d a n h u k u m y a n g

m e m b e r i k a n k r e d i t p e r c a y a b a h w a s i p e n e r i m a d i m a s a m e n d a t a n g a k a n

2'>ftW,hlm.94. ^^fbid, hlm.125. ^* Sri Soedewi Masjohoen Sofwan, 1990 Pokok-pokok H u k u m J a m m a n dan J a m i n a n

P e r o r a n g a n , Liberty Y ogyakarta, Y ogyakarta, him. 31.

19

s a n g g u p m e m e n u h i s e g a l a s e s u a t u y a n g t e l a h d i p e i j a n j i k a n . D e n g a n

d e m i k i a n d a p a t d i t a r i k k e s i m p u l a n b a h w a d a s a r k r e d i t i a l a h k e p e r c a y a a n .

M a k s u d d a r i p e n u n d a a n p e m b a y a r a n i a l a h p e n g e m b a l i a n a t a s p e n e r i m a a n

u a n g a t a u b a r a n g y a n g t i d a k d i l a k u k a n b e r s a m a p a d a s a a t m e n e r i m a n y a

t e t a p i p e n g e m b a l i a n n y a d i l a k u k a n p a d a m a s a y a n g t e l a h d i t e n t u k a n . ^ ' ' * A d a

b e b e r s q i a p e n g e r t i a n j a m i n a n d a n k r e d i t y a n g t e r d a p a t d i d a l a m

l i t e r a t u r h u k u m , y a i t u :

1 . M a r i a m D a m s B a d m l z a m a n m e r u m u s k a n j a m i n a n s e b a g a i s u a t u

t a n g g u n g a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h s e s e o r a n g d e b i t u r d a n a t a u p i h a k k e t i g a

k e p a d a k r e d i t u r u n t u k m e m i n j a m k e w a j i b a t m y a d a l a m s u a t u

p e r i k a t a n . ^ ^ '

2 . S r i S o e d e w i M a s j h o e n S o f w a n b e r p e n d a p a t b a h w a h u k u m j a m i n a n

a d a l a h k e s e l u r u h a n d a r i k a i d a h - k a i d a h h u k u m y a n g m e n g a t u r

h u b u n g a n h u k u m a n t a r a p e m b e r l i d a n p e n e r i m a j a m i n a n d a l a m

k a i t a n n y a d e n g a n p e m b e b a n a n j a m i n a n u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n f a s i l i t a s

k r e d i t . ^ ^ *

3 . M e n u r u t U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 0 T a h u n 1 9 9 8 T e n t a n g P e r b a n k a n

p a d a P a s a l 1 a y a t 1 1 y a n g b c r b u n y i k r e d i t a d a l a h p e n y e d i a a n u a n g

"^Mariam Dams Badrulzamao, 2005, A n e k a H u k u m Bisnis. Alumni, Bandung, him 12.

Indrawati Soewarso, 2009, Aspek H u k u m J a m i n a n Kredit, Institut Bankir Indonesia, Jakarta, hlm.9.

20

a t a u t a g i h a n y a n g d a p a t d i p e r s a m a k a n d e n g a n i t u , b e r d a s a r k a n

p e r s e t u j u a n a t a u k e s e p a k a t a n p i n j a m - m e m i n j a m a n t a r a b a n k d e n g a n

p i h a k l a i n y a n g m e w a j i b k a n p i h a k p e m i n j a m i m t u k m e l u n a s i u t a n g n y a

s e t e l a h j a n g k a w a k t u d e n g a n p e m b e r i a n b i m g a . ^ ' *

D a r i b e b r a p a p e n g e r t i a n t e r s e b u t d i a t a s d a p a t d i s i m p u l k a n b a h w a

p e n g e r t i a n j a m i n a n k r e d i t a d a l a h b e n t u k p e n a n g g u n g a n d i m a n a s e s e o r a n g

p e n a n g g u n g ( p e r o r a n g a n ) m e n a n g g u n g u n t u k m e m e n u h i h u t a n g d e b i t u r

s e b e s a r s e b a g a i m a n a t e r c a n t u m d a l a m p e r u t a n g a n p o k o k . S e d a n g k a n

d a l a m p r a k t e k p e r b a n k a n , j a m i n a n k r e d i t d i s e b u t d e n g a n i s t i l a h

j a m i n a n p e r o r a n g a n / o r a n g , p e r s o n a l g u a r a n t y a d a l a h p e r j a n j i a n a n t a r a

k r e d i t u r d a n p e n a n g g u n g , d i m a n a s e s e o r a n g m e n g i k a t k a n d i r i s e b a g a i

p e n a n g g u n g u n t u k m e m e n u h i h u t a n g d e b i t u r , b a i k i t u k a r e n a d i t u n j u k

o l e h k r e d i t u r ( t a n p a s e p e n g e t a h u a n a t a u p e r s e t u j u a n d e b i t u r m a u p u n

y a n g d i a j u k a n o l e h d e b i t u r a t a s p r e r i n t a h d a r i k r e d i t u r .

U n s u r - u n s u r d a r i j a m i n a n k r e d i t a d a l a h :̂ **

1 . A d a n y a k a i d a h h u k u m

K a i d a h h u k u m d a l a m b i d a n g j a m i n a n , d a p a t d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i 2

m a c a m , y a i t u k a i d a h h u k u m t e r t u l i s d a n k a i d a h t i d a k t e r t u l i s . K a i d a h

h u k u m j a m i n a n t e r t u l i s a d a l a h k a i d a h - k a i d a h h u k u m y a n g t e r d a p a t d a l a m

p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n , t a r k a t , d a n y u r i s p r u d e n s i . S e d a n g k a n

k a i d a h h u k u m j a m i n a n y a n g t u m b u h , h i d u p , d a n b e r k e m b a n g d a l a m

liuionesia,f/miang-LWang/>erif7anjtan, UUNo. lOTahun 1998,Pasal 1 ayat 11.

'Salim, 2007, H u k u m J a m i n a n D i I n d o n e s i a . Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, hlin.7.

21

m a s y a r a k a t . H a l i n i t e r l i h a t p a d a g a d a i t a n a h d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t y a n g

d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a U s a n .

2 . A d a n y a p e m b e r i d a n p e n e r i m i i j a m i n a n

P e m b e r i j a m i n a n a d a l a h o r a n g - o r a n g a t a u b a d a n h u k u m y a n g

m e n y e r a h k a n b a r a r ^ j a m i n a n k e p a d a p e n e r i m a j a m i n a n . Y a n g b e r t i n d a k

s e b a g a i p e m b e r i j a m i n a n a d a l a h o r a n g a t a u b a d a n h u k u m y a n g

m e m b u t u h k a n f a s i l i t a s k r e d i t . P e n e r i m a j a m i n a n a d a l a h o r a n g a t a u b a d a n

h u k u m y a n g m e n e r i m a b a r a n g j a m i n a n d a r i p e m b e r i j a m i n a n . Y a n g

b e r t i n d a k s e b a g a i p e n e r i m a j a m i n a n i n i a d a l a h o r a n g a t a u b a d a n h u k u m .

3 . A d a n y a j a m i n a n

P a d a d a s a m y a j a m i n a n y a n g d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a k r e d i t u r a d a l a h j a m i n a n

m a t e r i a l d a n i m m a t e r i a l . J a m i n a n m a t e r i a l m e r u p a k a n j a m i n a n y a n g

b e r u p a h a k k e b e n d a a n , s e p e r t i j a m i n a n a t a s b e n d a b e r g e r a k d a n b e n d a

t i d a k b e r g e r a k . J a m i n a n i m m a t e r i a l m e r u p a k a n j a m i n a n n o n k e b e n d a a n .

4 . A d a n y a f a s i l i t a s

P e m b e r i a n j a m i n a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n o l e h p e m b e r i j a m i n a n b e r t u j u a n

u n t u k m e n d a p a t k a n f a s i l i t a s k r e d i t d a r i b a n k a t a u l e m b a g a k e u a n g a n

l a i n n y a .

2. Sumber Hukum Jaminan Kredit

P a d a d a s a m y a s u m b e r h u k u m d a p a t d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i d u a m a c a m

y a i t u s u m b e r h u k u m m a t e r i i d i m s u m b e r h u k u m f o r m a l . S u m b e r h u k u m

m a t e r i i i n i m e r u p a k a n f a k t o r y a n g m e m b a n t u p e m b e n t u k a n h u k u m ,

m i s a l n y a h u b u n g a n s o s i a l , k e k u a t a n p o l i t i k , s i t u a s i s o s i a l e k o n o m i , t r a d i s i

22

( p a n d a n g k e a g a m a a n d a n k e s u s i l a a n ) , h a s i l p e n e l i t i a n i l m i a h , d a n k e a d a a n

g e o g r a f i s . S u m b e r h u k u m f o r m a l m e r u p a k a n t e m p a t m e m p e r o l e h k e k u a t a n

h u k u m . I n i b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n b e i s t u k a t a u c a r a y a n g m e n y e b a b k a n p e r a t u r a n

h u k u m f o r m a l b e r l a k u . C o n t o h d a r i s u m b e r h u k u m f o r m a l a d a l a h u n d a n g -

u n d a n g , p e i j u n j i a n a n t a r n e g a r a , y u r i s p r u d e n s i , d a n k e b i a s a a n .

S u m b e r h u k u m f o r m a l d a p a t d i g o l o n g k a n m e n j a d i d u a m a c a m y a i t u

s u m b e r h u k u m f o r m a l t e r t u l i s d a n t i d a k t e r t u l i s . D e n g a n h a l i n i , m a k a

s u m b e r h u k u m j a m i n a n d a p a t d i b a g i m e n j a d i d u a m a c a m y a i t u , s u m b e r

h u k u m j a m i n a n t e r t u l i s d a n t i d a k t e r t u l i s . Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n s u m b e r

h u k u m j a m i n a n t e r t u l i s a d a l a h t e m p a t d i t e m u k a n n y a k a i d a h - k a i d a h h u k u m

j a m i n a n y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i s u m b e r t e r t u i l i s . U m u n y a s i u n b e r h u k u m j a m i n a n

t e r t u l i s t e r d a p a t d i d a l a m p e i * a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n , t r a k t a t , d a n

y u r i s p r u d e n s i . S e d a n g k a n s u m b e r h u k u m j a m i n a n t i d a k t e r t u l i s a d a l a h

t e m p a t d i t e m u k a n n y a k a i d a h h u k u m j a m i n a n y a n g b e r a s a l d a r i s u m b e r t i d a k

t e r t u l i s , s e p e r t i t e r d a p a t d a l a m h u k u m k e b i a s a a n .

A d a p u n y a n g m e n j a d i s u m b e r h u k u m j a m i n a n t e r t u l i s a n t a r a l a i n :

a . B u k u 11 K U H P e r d a t a

b . K i t a b U n d a n g - u n d a n g H u k u m D a g a n g ( K U H D )

c . U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 5 T a h u n 1 9 6 0 t e n t a n g P e r a t u r a n D a s a r P o k o k -

p o k o k A g r a r i a ( U U P A )

d . U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 4 T a h u n 1 9 9 6 t e n t a n g H a k T a n g g u n g a n A t a s

T a n a h B e s e r t a B e n d a - b e n d a Y a n g B e r k a i t a n D e n g a n T a n a h

e . U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 4 2 T a h i m 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g J a m i n a n F i d u s i a .

23

3. Mflcam-Macam Jaminan Kredit

J a m i n a n d a p a t d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i d u a y a i t u u m u m d a n k h u s u s . D a l a m P a s a l 1 1 3 1 K U H P e r d a t a m e n c e r m i n k a n s u a t u j a m i n a n u m u m . S e d a n g k a n P a s a l 1 1 3 2 K U H P e r d a t a d i s a m p i n g s e b a g a i k e l a n j u t a n d a n p e n y e m p u m a a n P a s a l 1 3 3 1 y s a n g m e n e g a s k a n p e r s a m a a n k e d u d u k a n p a r a k r e d i t u r , j u g a m e m u n g k i n k a n d i a d a k a n n y a s u a t u j a m i n a n k h u s u s a p a b i l a d i a n t a r a k r e d i t u r a d a a l a s a n - a l a s a n y a n g s a h u n t u k d i d a h u l u k a n d a n h a l i n i d a p a t t e r j a d i k a r e n a k e t e n t u a n U n d a n g - U n d a n g m a u p u n k a r e n a d i p e r j a n j i k a n . ^ ' *

A d a p u n b e b e r a p a j e n i s j a n i i n a n k r e d i t y a i t u s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

a . J a m i n a n U m u m

D a l a m P a s a l 1 1 3 1 K U H P e r d a t a y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a " s e g a l a

k e b e n d a a n s i b e r h u t a n g , b a i k y a n g b e r g e r a k m a u p u n t i d a k b e r g e r a k , b a i k

y a n g s u d a h a d a m a u p u n y a n g b a r u a k a n a d a d i k e m u d i a n h a r i , m e n j a d i

t a n g g u n g a n u n t u k s e g a l a p e r i k a t a n p e r s e o r a n g a n " . S e d a n g k a n P a s a l 1 1 3 2

K U H P e r d a t a m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a " k e b e n d a a n t e r s e b u t m e n j a d i j a m i n a n

b e r s a m a - s a m a b a g i s e m u a o r a n g y a n g m e n g u t a n g k a n p a d a n y a , p e n d a p a t

p e n j u a l a n b e n d a - b e n d a i t u d i b a g i m e n u r u t k e s e i m b a n g a n , y a i t u m e n u m t

b e s a r k e c i t n y a p i u t a n g m a s i n g - m a s i n g a p a b i l a d i a n t a r a p a r a b e r p i h u t a n g

i t u a d a a l a s a n - a l a s a n y a n g s a l i u n t u k d i d a h u l u k a n " .

b . J a m i n a n K h u s u s

U n t u k m e n g a t a s i k e l e m a h a n - k e l e m a h a n y a n g a d a p a d a j a m i n a n u m u m ,

U n d a n g - u n d a n g m e m u n g k i n k a n d i a d a k a n n y a j a m i n a n k h u s u s . H a l i n i

t e r s i r a t p a d a P a s a l 1 1 3 2 K l / H P e r d a t a . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n P a s a l 1 1 3 2

m e m p u n y a i s i f a t m e n g a t u r / m e n g i s i / m e l e n g k a p i k a r e n a p a r a p i h a k y a n g

^Ylasbullah Frieda Husni, 2008. Hukum Kebendaan J i l i d 2. Sinar Grafika, Jakarta, hlm.8.

*4B4*f

24

m e n y i m p a n g . D e n g a n k a t a h i i n a d a k r e d i t u r y a n g d i b e r i k a n k e d u d u k a n

y a n g l e b i h d i d a h u l u k a d a l a n i p e l u n a s a n b u t a n g n y a d i b a n d i n g k r e d i t u r -

k r e d i t u r l a i n n y a . K e m u d i a n P a s a l 1 1 3 3 K U H P e r d a t a m e m b e r i k a n

p e r n y a t a a n y a n g l e b i h t e g a s II a g i y a i t u " h a k u n t u k d i d a h u l u k a n d i a n t a r a

o r a n g - o r a n g b e r p i u t a n g t e r b i t d a r i h a k i s t i m e w a , d a r i g a d a i , d a n d a r i

h i p o t e k " .

J a m i n a n k h u s u s d a p a t d i b e d a k a n m e n j a d i d u a y a i t u j a m i n a n

p e r o r a n g a n d a n j a m i n a n k e b e n d a a n . J a m i n a n p e r o r a n g a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n

m e l a l u i p e r j a n j i a n p e n a n g g u n g a n m i s a l n y a b o r g t o c h t , g a r a n s i d a n l a i n

s e b a g a i n y a , s e d a n g k a n j a m i n a n k e b e n d a a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n m e l a l u i g a d a i ,

f i d u s i a , h i p o t e k , d a n l a i n s e b a g a i n y a . J a m i n a n p e r o r a n g a n a d a l a h s u a t u

p e r j a n j i a n a n t a r a s e s e o r a n g b e r p i u t a n g a t a u k r e d i t u r d e n g a n s e o r a n g k e t i g a

y a n g m e n j a m i n d i p e n u h i n y a k e w a j i b a n - k e w a j i b a n s i b e r p i u t a n g a t a u

d e b i t u r .

A d a p u n c i r i - c i r i d a r i j a m i n a n p e r o r a n g a n a n t a r a l a i n :

1 ) M e m p u n y a i h u b u n g a n l a n g s i m g d e n g a n o r a n g t e r t e n t u ,

2 ) H a n y a d a p a t d i p e r t a h a n k a n t e r h a d a p d e b i t u r t e r t e n t u ,

3) S e l u r u h h a r t a k e k a y a a n d e b i t u r m e n j a d i j a m i n a n p e l u n a s a n h u t a n g

m i s a l n y a borgtocht.

J i k a d e b i t u r m e l a k u k a n w a n p r e s t a s i m a k a d a l a m j a m i n a n k e b e n d a a n

k r e d i t u r m e m p u n y a i h a k d i d a h u l u k a n d a l a m p e m e n u h a n p i u t a n g n y a

d i a n t a r a k r e d i t u r - k r e d i t u r l a i n n y a d a r i b a s i l p e n j u a l a n h a r t a b e n d a m i l i k

d e b i t u r . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n j a m i n a n k e b e n d a a n m e m p u n y a i c i r i - c i r i y a n g

25

b e r b e d a d a r i j a m i n a n p e r o r a n g a i a , a d a p u n c i r i - c i r i j a m i n a n k e b e n a a n a n t a r a

lEun:

1 ) M e r u p a k a n h a k m u t l a k ( a b s o l u t ) a t a s s u a t u b e n d a ,

2 ) K r e d i t u r m e m p u n y a i h u b u n g a n l a n g s u n g d e n g a n b e n d a - b e n d a

t e r t e n t u m i l i k d e b i t u r ,

3 ) D a p a t d i p e r t a h a n k a n t e r h a d a p t u n t u t a n o l e h s i a p a p u n ,

4 ) S e l a i u m e n g i k u t i b e n d a n y a d i t a n g a n s i a p a p u n b e n d a i t u b e r a d a

{zaaksquevolg),

5) M e n g a n d u n g a sa s p r i o r i t a s , y a i t u h a k k e b e n d a a n y a n g l e b i h d u l u

t e r j a d i a k a n l i b d i u t a m a k a n d a r i p a d a y a n g t e r j a d i k e m u d i a n (droit

de preference),

6) D a p a t d i p e r l i h a t k a n s e p e r t i h i p o t e k ,

7 ) B e r s i f a t p e r j a n j i a n t a m b a l i a n (accessoir).

4 . Jamman Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank

J a m i n a n m e r u p a k a n s a r a n a p e r l i n d u n g a n b a g i k e a m a n a n k r e d i t u r ,

y a i t u k e p a s t i a n a t a s p e l u n a s a n h u t a n g d e b i t u r a t a u p e l a k s a n a a n s u a t u

p r e s t a s i o l e h d e b i t u r a t a u o l e h p e n j a m i n d e b i t u r . K e b e r a d a a n j a m i n a n

m e r u p a k a n p e r s y a r a t a n u n t u k m e m p e r k e c i l risiko b a n k d a l a m m e n y a l u r k a n

k r e d i t , w a l a u p u n d e m i k i a n s e c a r a p r i n s i p j a m i n a n b u k a n p e r s y a r a t a n u t a m a .

B a n k m e m p r i o r i t a s k a n d a r i k e l a y a k a n u s a h a y a n g d i b i a y a i n y a s e b a g a i

j a m i n a n u t a m a b a g i p e n g e m b a l i a n k r e d i t s e s u a i d e n g a n j a d w a l y a n g

26

d i s e p a k a t i b e r s a m a . S e b a g a i l a n g k a h a n t i s i p a t i f d a l a m m e n a r i k k e m b a l i

d a n a y a n g t e l a h d i s a l u r k a n o l e h k r e d i t u r k e p a d a debitur.^***

J a m i n a n h e n d a k n y a d i p e r t i m b a n g k a n d u a f a k t o r , y a i t u :

a . Secured

A r t i n y a j a m i n a n k r e d i t d a p a t d i a d a k a n p e n g i k a t a n s e c a r a y u r i d i s

f o r m a l , s e s u a i d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n h u k u m d a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n .

J i k a d i k e m u d i a n h a r i t e r j a d i w a n p r e s t a s i d a r i d e b i t u r , m a k a b a n k

m e m i l i k i k e k u a t a n y u r i d i s u n t u k m e l a k u k a n t i n d a k a n e k s e k u s i .

b . Marketable

A r t i n y a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t b i l a h e n d a k d i e k s e k u s i , d a p a t s e g e r a d i j u a l

a t a u d i u a n g k a n u n t u k m e l u n a s i s e l u r u h k e w a j i b a n d e b i t u r . D e n g a n

m e m p e r t i m b a n g k a n d u a f a k t o r d i a t a s , j a m i n a n y a n g d i t e r i m a o l e h

p i h a k b a n k d a p a t m e m i n i m a l r i s i k o d a l a m p e n y a l u r a n k r e d i t s e s u a i

d e n g a n p r i n s i p k e h a t i - h a t i a n (prudential banking}. S e c a r a n o r m a t i f

s a r a n a p e r l i n d u n g a n b a g i k r e d i t u r t e r c a n t u m d a l a m b e r b a g a i k e t e n t u a n

p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n .

K e t e n t u a n k h u s u s t e n t a n g p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n p e r b a n k a n , t i d a k

m e n j e l a k a n t e n t a n g k e d u d u k a n c l a r i p a r a k r e d i t u r . K e t e n t u a n - k e t e n t u a n y a n g

m e n g a t u r t e n t a n g j a m i n a n k r e d i t t e r c a n t u m d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 7

T a h u n 1 9 9 2 T e n t a n g P e r b a n k a n . P a s a l 8 y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a : " D a l a m

m e m b e r i k a n k r e d i t . B a n k U m u m w a j i b m e m p u n y a i k e y a k i n a n a t a s

Johannes Ibrahim, 2001, Mengupas Juntas Kredit Komersial D a n K o n s u m t i f D a l a m Peryar^ian KredU B a x k . Mandar Ma^u, Eandung, hlm.71.

27

k e m a m p u a n d a n k e s a n g g u p a n d e b i t u r u n t u k m e l u n a s i b u t a n g n y a s e s u a i

d e n g a n y a n g d i p e r j a n j i k a n " .

U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 0 T a h u n 1 9 9 8 T e n t a n g P e r u b a h a n a t a s

U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 7 T e n t a n g P e r b a n k a n , P a s a l 8 m e n y e b u t k a n b a h w a :

A y a t ( I ) s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

D a l a m m e m b e r i k a n k r e d i t a t a u p e m b i a y a a n b e r d a s a r k a n p r i n s i p syaiiah, Bank Umimj wajib m e m p u n y a i k e y a k i n a n b e r d a s a r k a n a n a l i s i s y a n g m e n d a l a m a t a s i t i k a d d a n k e m a m p u a n s e r t a k e s a n g g u p a n n a s a b a h d e b i t u r u n t u k m e l u n a s i u t a n g n y a a t a u m e n g e m b a l i k a n p e m b i a y a a n d i m a k s u d s e s u m d e n g a n y a n g d i p e i j a n j i k a n . ^ ' *

T a n p a d i s e r t a k a n n y a j a m i n a n , m a k a y a n g t e r j a d i h a n y a s u a t u k o n t r a k

a t a s h u t a n g a t a u a t a s p i u t a n g , d a n s u a t u k e w a j i b a n u n t u k m e l u n a s i n y a .

J a m i n a n k r e d i t h a r u s m e m i l i k i s u a t u n i l a i , d a n t u g a s b a n k a d a l a h

m e n i l a i a p a k a h j a m i n a n y a n g d i b e r i k a n o l e h d e b i t u r m e m e n u h i k e l a y a k a n

s e b a g a i s u a t u j a m i n a n . M e t ^ e n a i p e n i l a i a n t e r h a d a p j a m i n a n d a l a m

p e m b e r i a n k r e d i t b a n k , d a p a t d i b e d a k a n , y a i t u

1 ) J a m i n a n P e r o r a n g a n {Personal Gtuxranty)

A d a l a h s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n a m t a r a s e o r a n g b e r p i u t a n g ( k r e d i t u r ) d e n g a n

s e o r a n g p i h a k k e t i g a , y i m g m e n j a m i n d i p e n u h i n y a k e w a j i b a n s i

b e r h u t a n g ( d e b i t u r ) . B a h k a n d a p a t d i a d a k a n d i l u a r ( t a n p a )

p e n g e t a h u a n s i b e r h u t a n g t e r s e b u t . D a l a m j a m i n a n p e r o r a n g a n

p e n g i k a t a n j a m i n a n d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n a k t a p e n a n g g u n g a n (borgtocht).

K e t e n u a n t e n t a n g p e n a n g g u n g a n b o r g t o c h t d i a t u r d a l a m b u k u k e t i g a

"*Subekti,1998, J a m i n a n - J a m i r u m Untuk Pemberian Kredit M e n u r u t Hukum I n d o n e s i a , Rajawali Pers, Bandung, him. 19.

28

t e n t a n g p e r i k a t a n , B a b X V I I t e n t a n g p e n a n g g u n g a n , P a s a l 1 8 2 0

s a m p a i d e n g a n P a s a l 1 8 5 0 K U H P e r d a t a . D a l a m k e t e n t u a n y a n g

d i m a k s u d , d i a t u r b a h w a p e n a n g g u n g a n a d a l a h s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n a s e s o r

(accessoir), y a i t u e k s i s t e n s i a t a u a d a n y a p e n a n g g u n g a n i t u t e r g a n t u n g

d a r t a d a n y a s u a t u p e r j a n j i a n p o k o k , y a i t u p e r j a n j i a n y a n g

p e m e n u h a n n y a d i t a n g g u n g a t a u d i j a m i n d e n g a n p e r j a n j i a n

p e n a n g g u n g a n i t u .

2 ) J a m i n a n K e b e n d a a n

M e n j a m i n k a n s u a t u b e n d a b e r a r t i m e l e p a s k a n s e b a g i a n k e k u a s a a n

a t a s b e n d a t e r s e b u t . K e k u a s a a n y a n g d i l e p a s k a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h

k e k u a s a a n u n t u k m e n g a l i i h k a n h a k m i l i k d e n g a n c a r a ^ a p u n , b a i k

d e n g a n m e n j u a l , m e n u k a r , a t a u m e n g h i b a h k a n . ^ ^ *

D a l a m j a m i n a n k e b e n d a a n , p e n g i k a t a n j a m i n a n d i l a k u k a n a n t a r a l a i n :

a . H a k T a n g g u n g a n

M e n u r u t P a s a l 1 a y a t ( 1 ) U n d a n g - i m d a n g N o m o r 4 T a h u n 1 9 9 6

T e n t a n g H a k T a n g g u n g a n A t a s T a n a h b e s e r t a b e n a - b e n d a y a n g

b e r k a i t a n d e n g a n t a n a h , d i u r a i k a n m e n g e n a i d e f i n i s i H a k

T a n g g u n g a n a d a l a h : " H a k J a m m a n y a n g d i b e b a n k a n p a d a h a k a t a s

t a n a h s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d d a l a m U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 5

T a h u n I 9 6 0 T e n t a n g P e r a t u r a n D a s a r P o k o k - p o k o k A g r a r i a ,

b e r i k u t a t a u t i d a k b e r i k u t b e n d a - b e n d a I a i n y a n g m e r u p a k a n s a t u

k e s a t u a n d e n g a n t a n a h i t u , u n t u k p e l u n a s a n u t a n g t e r t e n t u , y a n g

Johannes Ibrahim, Op.cit., hlm.80

29

m e m b e r i k a n k e d u d u k a n y a n g d i u t a m a k a n k e p a d a k r e d i t u r t e r t e n t u

t e r h a d a p k r e d i t u r - k r e d i t u r l a i n " .

b . G a d a i ipand)

M e r u p a k a n l e m b a g a j a m i n a n k e b e n d a a n b a g i b e n d a b e r g e r a k y a n g

d i a t u r d a l a n v K U H P e r d a t a . P e n g e r t i a n g a d a i t e r d a p a t d a l a m p a s a l

1 1 5 0 K U H P e r d a t a , y a n g b e r b u n y i : " G a d a i a d a l a h s u a t u h a k y a n g

d i p e r o l e h s e o r a n g k r e d i t u r a t a s s u a t u b e n d a b e r g e r a k y a n g

d i s e r a h k a n k e p a d a n y a o l e h d e b i t u r a t a u o l e h o r a n g l a i n a t a s

n a m a n y a d a n m e m b e r i k a n k e k u a s a a n k e p a d a k r e d i t u r u n t u k

m e n g a m b i l p e l u n a s a n d a r i b e n d a t e r s e b u t s e c a r a d i d a h u l u k a n

d a r i p a d a k r e d i t u r l a i n n y a , d e n g a n p e n g e c u a l i a n u n t u k

m e n d a h u l u k a n b i a y a I c l a n g , b i a y a p e n y e l a m a t a n b e n d a s e t e l a h

d i g a d a i k a n .

c. F i d u s i a

F i d u s i a a d a l a h i s t i l a h l a i n b a g i l e m b a g a fiduciere eigendom

overdrackt (FEO), y a n g b e r a r t i p e n y e r a h a n h a k m i l i k b e r d a s a r k a n

k e p e r c a y a a n . S e b a g a i m a n a p e r j a n j i a n j a m i n a n h u t a n g l a i t m y a ,

p e r j a n j i a n fidusia j u g a m e r u p a k a n p e r j a n j i a n a s e s o r (accessoir)

y a n g t i d a k m u n g k i n b e r d i r i s e n d i r i t e t a p i s e l a i u m e n g i k u t i

p e r j a n j i a n i n d u k a t a u p o k o k n y a , y a i t u p e r j a n j i a n h u t a n g - p i u t a n g .

D e n g a n d i u n d a n g k a n n y a U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 4 2 T a h u n 1 9 9 9

T e n t a n g F i d u s i a , m a k a p e n g a t u r a n t e n t a n g fidusia d i s e s u a i k a n

d e n g a n k e b u t u h a n m a s y a r a k a t y a n g b e r k e m b a n g .

30

d . C e s s i e P i u t a n g

D a l a m p r a k t i k p e r b a n k a n , c e s s i e d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m p e r j a n j i k a n

p e n g a l i h a n s u a t u p i u t a n g a t a u t a g i h a n y a n g d i j a d i k a n j a m i n a n s u a t u

k r e d i t . D a s a r p e n y e r a h t i n p i u t a n g t e r c a n t u m d a l a m P a s a l 6 1 3 K U H

P e r d a t a , y a n g m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a : " P e n y e r a h a n a k a n h u t a n g -

p i u t a n g a t a s n a m a d a n k e b e n d a a n t a k b e r t u b u h l a i n n y a , d i l a k u k a n

d e n g a n j a l a n m e m b u a t s u a t u a k t a o t e n t i k a t a u d i b a w a h t a n g a n ,

d e n g a n m a n a h a k - h a k a t a s k e b e n d a a n i t u d i l i m p a h k a n k e p a d a

o r a n g l a i n " . J a d i d i d a l m n m e l a k u k a n p e n i l a i a n t e r h a d a p j a m i n a n ,

s a n g a t p e n t i n g u n t u k d i s e s u a i k a n d e n g a n o b j e k - o b j e k j a m i n a n n y a .

K a r e n a t i d a k m u n g k i n a d a p e i j a n j i a n j a m i n a n t a n p a p e i j a n j i a n

p o k o k n y a .

C . Tinjauan Umum Tentang Bank

1 . Pengertian Bank

B a n k m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u l e m b a g a p e m b i a y a a n y a n g m e m p u n y a i

p e r a n a n p e n t i n g d a l a m m a s y a r a k a t . O l e h k a r e n a i t u h a m p i r s e t i a p o r a n g

p a s t i m e n g e t a h u i m e n g e n a i p e r a n a n b a n k . P e r a n a n b a n k a d a l a h

m e n g h i m p u n d a n m e n y a l u r k a n d a n a d a r i d a n k e m a s y a r a k a t ( s e b a g a i

l e m b a g a intermediary). P e r a n s e b a g a i p e n y a l u r d a n a d i l a k u k a n b a n k d e n g a n

m e l a y a n i m a s y a r a k a t y a n g m e m b u t u h k a n p i n j a m a n u a n g d a r i b a n k ,

m i s a l n y a u n t u k k e p e r l u a n m o d a l u s a h a , k e p e r l u a n p e m b a n g u n a n , d a n

k e p e r l u a n - k e p e r l u a n l a i n n y a . D a l a m p e m b i c a r a a n s e h a r i - h a r i , b a n k d i k e n a l

MS.

31

s e b a g i l e m b a g a k e u a n g a n y a n g k e g i a t a n u t a m a n y a m e n e r i m a s i m p a n a n g i r o ,

t a b u n g a n , d a n d e p o s i t o .

L e m b a g a p e r b a n k a n m e r u p a k a n i n t i d a r i s i s t e m k e u a n g a n d i s e t i a p

n e g a r a . B a n k a d a l a h l e m b a g a k e u a n g a n y a n g m e n j a d i t e m p a t b a g i o r a n g

p e r s e o r a n g a n , b a d a n u s a h a s w a s t a , b a d a n u s a h a m i l i k n e g a r a , b a h k a n

lembaga-lembaga p e m e r i n t a h u n t u k m e n y i m p a n d a n a - d a n a y a n g

d i m i l i k i n y a . M e l a l u i k e g i a t a n p e r k r e d i t a n d a n b e r b a g a i j a s a y a n g d i b e r i k a n ,

b a n k m e l a y a n i p e m b i a y a a n s e r t a m e l a n c a r k a n m e k a n i s m e s i s t e m

p e m b a y a r a n b a g i semua s e k t o r p e r e k o n o m i a n .

S u a t u l e m b a g a a t a u o r a n g p r i b a d i y a n g m e n j a l a n k a n p e r u s a h a a n d a l a m m e n e r i m a d a n m e m b e r i k a n u a n g d a r i d a n k e p a d a p i h a k k e t i g a . B e r h u b u n g d e n g a n a d a n y a c c k y a n g h a n y a d a p a t d i b e r i k a n k e p a d a b a n k i r s e b a g a i k e t e r t a r i k a n , m a k a b a n k d a l a m a r t i l u a s a d a l a h o r a n g a t a u l e m b a g a y a n g d a l a m p e k e i j a a n n y a s e c a r a t e r a t u r m e n y e d i a k a n u t u i g u n t u k p i h a k k e t i g a .

D a r i p e n g e r t i a n d i a t a s , t e r l i h a t b a h w a u s a h a b a n k l e b i h t e r a r a h t i d a k

s e m a t a - m a t a m e m u t a r u a n g u n t u k m e n c a r i k e u n t u n g a n p e r u s a h a a n , t e t a p i

U n d a n g - u n d a n g m e n g h e n d a k i a g a r t a r a f h i d u p r a k y a t d a p a t d i t i n g k a t k a n .

H a l i n i m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u t a n g g u n g j a w a b b a n k d a l a m r a n g k a

mewujudkan c i t a - c i t a n e g a r a u n t u k m e n c a p a i m a s y a r a k a t a d i l d a n m a k m u r .

2 . Asas, Fungsi, dan Tujuan Bank

A s a s p e r b a n k a n y a n g d i a t i u t d i I n d o n e s i a t e r c a n t u m d a l a m k e t e n t u a n

Pasal 2 U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 0 T a h u n 1 9 9 8 T e n t a n g P e r b a n k a n y a n g

m e n g e m u k a k a n b a h w a " p e r b a n k a n I n d o n e s i a d a l a m m e l a k u k a n u s a h a n y a

Hermansyafa, 2008, H u k u m P e r b a n k a n N a s i o n a l I n d o n e s i a i , K e n c a n a , Jakarta, hlm.8.

32

b e r a s a s k a n d e m o k r a s i e k o n o m i d e n g a n m e n g g u n a k a n prinsip k e h a t i -

ha t i an"^ ' ** . Y a n g d i m a k s u d d e n g a n d e m o k r a s i e k o n o m i i a l a h d e m o k r a s i

e k o n o m i b e r d a s a r k a n P a n c a s i l a d a n U n d a n g - u n d a n g D a s a r 1 9 4 5 .

S e d a n g k a n y a n g d i m a k s u d t i e n g a n p r i n s i p k e h a t i - h a t i a n tidak ada

p e n j e l a s a n r e s m i n y a . N a m i m d a p a t d i k a t a k a n b a h w a b a n k d a n o r a n g - o r a n g

y a n g t e r l i h a t d i d a l a m n y a k e t i k a h a r u s m e m b u a t k e b i j a k s a n a a n d a n

m e n j a l a n k a n k e g i a t a n u s a h a n y a w a j i b m e n j a l a n k a n t u g a s d a n wewenangnya

m a s i n g - m a s i n g s e c a r a t e l i t i , c e n i i a t , d a n p r o f e s i o n a l , s e h i n g g a m e m p e r o l e h

k e p e r c a y a a n d a r i m a s y a r a k a t ^ *̂. S e l a i n i t u , b a n k d a l a m m e m b u a t

k e b i j a k s a n a a n d a n m e n j a l a n k a n u s a h a n y a , h a m s s e l a i u tnematuhi scluruh

p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g b e r l a k u s e c a r a k o n s i s t e n , d e n g a n

d i d a s a r t o l e h i t i k a d b a i k .

P a s a l 3 U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 2 T e n t a n g P e r b a n k a n ,

m e r u m u s k a n m e n g e n a i f u n g s i p e r b a n k a n , y a i t u b a h w a f u n g s i u t a m a

p e r b a n k a n I n d o n e s i a a d a l a h s t e b a g a i p e n g h i m p u n d a n p e n y a l u r d a n a

m a s y a r a k a t * ^ * . A d a p i m f u n g s i I a i n d a r i b a n k y a i t u m e m b e r i k a fasilitas kredit

m e n u m t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 1 0 T a h u n 1 9 9 2 T e n t a n g P e r b a n k a n , P a s a l

1 a n g k a 1 1 m e m b e r i k a n p e n j e l a s a n b a h w a k r e d i t a d a l a h " p e n y e d i a a n u a n g

a t a u t a g i h a n y a n g d a p a t d i p e r s e m b a h k a m b e r d a s a r k a n p e r s e t u j u a n a t a u

k e s e p a k a t a n p i n j a m m e m i n j a r a a n t a r a b a n k d e n g a n p i h a k l a i n y a n g

Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perbankan, Pasal 2. Gatot Supramono, 1995, P e r b a n k a n dan M a s a l a h Kredit Suatu Tinjauan Yuridis,

Djambatan, Jakarta, hlm.2. Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahim 1992 Tentang Perbankan, Pasal 3.

Si.

33

m e w a j i b k a n p i h a k p e m i n j a m u n t u k m e l u n a s i u t a n g n y a s e t e l a h j a n g k a w a k t u

t e r t e n t u d e n g a n p e m b e r i a n b u n g a " ^ ^ * .

P e r b a n k a n d i I n d o n e s i a m e m p u n y a i t u j u a n y a n g s t r a t e g i s d a n t i d a k

s e m a t a - m a t a b e r o r i e n t a s i e k o n t o m i , t e t a p i j u g a b e r o r i e n t a s i p a d a h a l - h a l

y a n g n o n e k o n o m i s s e p e r t i m a s a l a h y a n g m e n y a n g k u t s t a b i l i t a s n a s i o n a l

d a n m e n c a k u p a n t a r a l a i n s t a b i l i t a s p o l i t i k s e r t a s t a b i l i t a s s o s i a l . P a s a l 4

U n d a n g - i m d a n g b e r b a n k a n m e n y e b u t k a n " p e r b a n k a n I n d o n e s i a b e r t u j u a n

roenunjang p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i o n a l d a l a m r a n g k a m e n i n g k a t k a n

p e m e r a t a a n , p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i , d a n s t a b i l i t a s n a s i o n a l k e a r a h

p e n i n g k a t a n k e s e j a h t e r a a n r a k y a t b a n y a k " . A r t i n y a b a h w a b a n k t i d a k c u k u p

h a n y a m e n j a l a n k a n k e g i a t a n n y a s a j a , y a i t u m e n g h i m p u n d a n m e n y a l u r k a n

d a n a m a s y a r a k a t , t e t a p i j u g t i m e m p u n y a i t u j u a n y a n g j e l a s d e m i

k e p e n t i n g a n p e m b a n g u n a n n a s i c m a l .

3 . Jenis-Jenis Bank

P r a k t i k p e r b a n k a n d i I n d o n e s i a s a a t i n i y a n g d i a t u r o l e h U n d a n g -

u n d a n g p e r b a n k a n , m e m i l i k i l :>eberapa j e n i s b a n k . A d a p u n J e n i s b a n k

d e w a s a i n i d a p e t d i t i n j a u d a r i b e r b a g a i s e g i , a n t a r a l a i n s e g i f i m g s i n y a , s e g i

b e n t u k b a d a n u s a h a , s e g i k e p e m i l i k a n n y a , s e g i s t a t u s , s e g i c a r a m e n e n t u k a n

h a r g a , d a n s e g i m e n u r u t t a r g e t p a s a r .

Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 1998 Tentang Perbankan

34

a . J e n i s b a n k d i l i h a t d a r i s e g i f u n g s i n y a

M e n u r u t U n d a n g - u n d a n g N o m o r 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 2 d a n d i t e g a s k a n o l e h

U n d a n g - u n d a n g P e r b a n k a n N o m o r 1 0 T a h u n 1 9 9 8 , m a k a j e n i s p e r b a n k a n

t e r d i r i d a r i 2 j e n i s , y a i t u :

1 ) B a n k U m u m

B a n k u m u m a d a l a h b a n k y a n g m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n u s a h a s e c a r a

k o n v e n s i o n a l d a n / a t a u b e r d a s a r k a n p r i n s i p s y a r i a h y a n g d a i a m

k e g i a t a n n y a m e m b e r i k a n j a s a d a l a m l a l u l i n t a s p e m b a y a r a n . S i f a t

j a s a y a n g d i b e r i k a n a d a l a h u m u m , d a l a m a r t i d a p a t m e m b e r i k a n

s e l u r u h j a s a p e r b a n k a n y a n g a d a . B e g i t u p u l a d e n g a n w i l a y a h

o p e r a s t n y a , d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d i s e l u r u h w i l a y a h . B a n k u m u m l e b i h

d i k e n a l d e n g a n i s t i l a h H a n k K o m e r s i a l {commercial bank).

2 ) B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t ( B P R )

B a n k p e r k r e d i t a n r a k y a t m e r u p a k a n b a n k y a n g m e l a k s a n a k a n

k e g i a t a n u s a h a s e c a n t k o n v e n s i o n a l a t a u b e r d a s a r k a n p r i n s i p

s y a r i a h y a n g d a l a m k e j i i a t a n n y a t i d a k m e m b e r i k a n j a s a d a l a m l a l u

J i n t a s p e m b a y a r a n . A r t i n y a , k e g i a t a n B P R h a n y a m e l i p u t i k e g i a t a n

m e n g h i m p i m d a n m e n y a l u r k a n d a n a s a j a , b a h k a n d a l a m

m e n g h i m p i m d a n a B P R d i l a r a n g m e n e r i m a s i m p a n a n g i r o . B e g i t u

p u i a dalam hal j a n g k ^ ^ u a n w i l a y a h o p e r a s i , B P R h a n y a d i b a t a s i

d a l a m w i l a y a h - w i l a y a h t e r t e n t u s a j a . L a r a n g a n l a i n n y a b a g i B P R

a d a l a h i k u t k l i r i n g s e r t a v a l u t a a s i n g

35

S e t i a p p i h a k y a n g m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n p e n g h i m p u n a n d a n a d a n / a t a u

m e n y a l u r k a n d a n a d a r i a t a u k e m a s y a r a k a t h a r u s m e m p e r o l e h i j i n

u s a h a t e r l e b i h d a h u l u s e b a g a i B a n k U m u m a t a u B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n

R a k y a t d a r i B a n k I n d o n e s i a .

U n t u k m e m p e r o l e h i j i n u s a h a s e b a g a i B a n k U m u m a t a u B a n k

P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t , s u a t u l e m b a g a k e u a n g a n w a j i b m e m e n u h i

p e r s y a r a t a n m e n g e n a i :

a ) S u s u n a n o r g a n i s a s i ,

b ) P e r m o d a i a n ,

c ) K e p e m i l i k a n

d ) K e a h l i a n d i b i d a n g p e r b a n k a n ,

e ) K e l a y a k a n r e n c a n a k e i j a .

B e n t u k h u k u m s u a t u u B a n J c U m u m d a p a t b e r u p a :

a ) P e r s e r o a n T e r b a t a s ,

b ) K o p e r a s i ,

c ) P e r u s a h a a n D a e r a h .

B e n t u k h u k u m s u a t u B a n k . P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t d a p a t b e r u p a :

a ) P e r u s a h a a n D a e r a a h ,

b ) K o p e r a s i ,

c ) P e r s e r o a n T e r b a t a s . a t a u

d ) B e n t u k l a i n y a n g d i t e t a p k a n d e n g a n P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h .

36

. J e n i s B a n k m e n u r u t K e p e m i l i k a n

D i t i n j a u d a r i s e g i k e p e m i l i k a n , m a k s u d n y a a d a l a h p e r s o n i l a t a u

l e m b a g a y a n g m e m i l i k i b a n k . K e p e m i l i k a n i n i d a p a t d i l i h a t d a r i

a k t a p e n d i n a n d a n p e n g u a s a a n s a h a m y a n g d i m i l i k i b a n k y a n g

b e r s a n g k u t a n . J e n i s b a n k i n i t e r b a g i a t a s :

1 ) B a n k M i l i k N e g a r a / P e m e r i n t a h

D a l a m a k t a p e n d i r i a n m a u p i m m o d a l n y a d i m i l k i o l e h

p e m e n n t a h , s e h i n g g a s e l u r u h k e u n t u n g a n b a n k d i m i l i k i p u l a

o l e h p e m e r i n t a h . C o n t o h b a n k m i l i k p e m e r i n t a h a n t a r a I a i n :

B a n k N e g a r a I n d o n e s i a , B a n k M a n d i r i , B a n k R a k y a t I n d o n e s i a .

S e d a n g k a n b a n k m i l i k p e m e r i n t a h d a e r a h ( p e m d a ) t e r d a p a t d i

d a e r a h t i n g a t I d a n t i n g k a t I I m a s i n g - m a s i n g p r o p i n s i , c o n t o h ;

B P D D K I J a k a r t a , B P D J a w a B a r a t , B P D J a w a T e n g a h , d a n l a i n

s e b a g a i n y a .

2 ) B a n k M i l i k S w a s t a N a s i o n a l

U n t u k b a n k j e n i s i n i , s e l u r u h a t a u s e b a g i a n s a h a m n y a d i m i l i k i

o l e h s w a s t a n a s i o n a l , s e r t a a k t a p e n d i r i a n n y a d i d i r i k a n o l e h

s w a s t a p u l a . C o n t o h b a n k m i l i k s w a s t a n a s i o n a l a n t a r a l a i n :

B a n k S e n t r a l A s i a , B a n k D a n a m o n , B a n k L i p p o , B a n k N i a g a ,

d a n s e b a g a i n y a .

37

3 ) B a n k M i l i k K o p e r a s i

K e p e m i l i k a n s a h a m - s a h a m b a n k u n t u k k a t e g o r i i n i d i m i l i k i o l e h

p e r u s a h a a n y a n g b e r b a d a n h u k u m k o p e r a s i , s e b a g a i c o n t o h ;

B a n k U m u m K o p e r a s i I n d o n e s i a .

4) B a n k M i l i k A s i n g

K a t e g o r i b a n k j e n i s i n i , m e r u p a k a n c a b a n g d a r i b a n k y a n g a d a

d i l u a r n e g e r i , b a i k m i l i k s w a s t a a s i n g m a u p u n p e m e r i n t a h

a s i n g . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , j e l a s b a h w a k e p e m i l i k a n s a h a m n y a

d i m i l i k i o l e h p i h a k a s i n g . C o n t o h b a n k s w a s t a a s i n g a n t a r a l a i n ;

A B N A M R O B a n k . . D e u t c h e B a n k , A m e r i c a n E x p r e s s B a n k ,

B a i \ k o f A m e r i c a , d a n s e b a g a i n y a .

B AB I I I

PEMBAHASAN

A. Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Benda Jaminan Dalam Pinjam Meminjam Uang di

Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Puskopat Palembang

E k s e k u s i b e n d a j a n i i n a n a d a l a h p e n y i t a a n d a n p e n j u a l a n b e n d a y a n g

m e n j a d i o b j e k b e n d a j a m i n a n . P t m y e b a b t i m b u l n y a e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n

a d a l a h k a r e n a d e b i t u r a t a u p e m b e r i j a m i n a n c i d e r a j a n j i a t a u t i d a k m e m e n u h i

p r e s t a s i n y a t e p a t p a d a w a k t u n y a k e p a d a p e n e r i m a j a m i n a n , w a l a u p u n

p e m b e r i j a m i n a n s u d a h d i b e r i k a n s o m a s i . D a l a m p a s a l 2 9 U n d a n g - u n d a n g

N o m o r 4 2 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 .

U n t u k m e l a k s a n a k a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n , m a k a p e m b e r i j a m i n a n

w a j i b m e n y e r a h k a n b e n d a y a n g m e n j a d i o b j e k j a m i n a n n y a . D a l a m

p e l a k s a n a a n p e r j a n j i a n u t a n g p i u t a n g d e n g a n k e n d a r a a n b e r m o t o r s e b a g a i

o b j e k j a m i n a n a n t a r a p i h a k B P R d a n p i h a k d e b i t u r a k a n t e r j a d i p e r m a s a l a h a n

d e n g a n p i h a k d e b i t u r a p a b i l a d e b i t u r t e r l a m b a t d a l a m p e m b a y a r a n a n g s i n a n .

N a m u n p i h a k B P R m e m p u n y a i u p a y a - u p a y a y a n g s e k i r a n y a b i s a d i l a k u k a n

b i l a t e r j a d i k e t e r l a m b a t a n d a l a m p e m b a y a r a n a n g s u r a n s e b e i u m d i l a k u k a n

p e n a r i k a n t e r h a d a p b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t , u p a y a - u p a y a i t u a n t a r a l a i n

a d a l a h :

1 . U p a y a u p a y a p e r s u a s i f

S e t i a p k a l i t i m b u l a n g s u r a n y a n g t i d a k l a n c a r p i h a k B P R a k a n

m e l a k u k a n upaya-upaya p e n g e n d a l i a n a t a u p e n d e k a t a n t e r h a d a p d e b i t u r .

P i h a k B P R a k a n m e n c a r i s u m b e r p e r m a s a l a h a n n y a , m i s a l k a n : k a r e n a

38

39

u s a h a n y a s e d a n g l e s u , s e n g a j a t i d a k m a u m e b a y a r , b e n a r - b e n a r t i d a k

m a m p u b a y a r , n a s a b a h n n e n i n g g a l d u n i a , b a r a n g j a m i n a n r u s a k

b e r a t / h i l a n g . B i l a k e t i d a k l a n c a r a n a n g s u r a n m e r u p a k a n a k i b a t d a r i r u s a k

b e r a t / h i l a n g n y a b a r a n g j a m i n a n , m a k a n a s a b a h d i m i n t a u n t u k m e n g g a n t i

d e n g a n b a r a n g j a m i n a n b a r u d a n t e t a p d i i n g a t k a n u n t u k m e n y e i e s a i k a n

k r e d i t n y a s a m p a i l u n a s . D a n a p a b i l a k e t i d a k l a n c a r a n k r e d i t k a r e n a

n a s a b a h s e d a n g s a k i t a t a u b a h k a n m e n i n g g a l d u n i a , m a k a k e a d a a n

t e r s e b u t t i d a k m e n g g u g u r k a n k e w a j i b a n y a n g b e r s a n g k u t a n u n t u k t e t a p

m e n g a n g s u r h u t a n g - h u t a n g n y a . S u a m i / i s t r i a t a u a h l i w a r i s n y a t e t a p

d i m i n t a u n t u k m e n y e i e s a i k a n b u t a n g n y a a t a u k a l a u t i d a k m a m p u

m e n j a l a n k a n k r e d i t , a k a n d i m i n t a m e n y e r a h k a n b e n d a j a m m a n u n t u k

d i j u a l o l e h p i h a k b a n k . S e d a n g k a n i m t u k n a s a b a h y a n g t i d a k m a u

m e n g a n g s u r a t a u t i d a k m a m p u m e n g a n g s u r , m a k a a k a n d i p r o s e s

p e n y e l e s a i a n k r e d i t m e l a l u i m e k a n i s m e p e n j u a l a n a g u n a n / e k s e k u s i b e n d a

j a m i n a n m e l a l u i b a d a n p e l e l a n g a n a t a u l a n g s u n g k e P e n g a d i l a n N e g e r i . ^ * *

2 . S o m a s i ( p e r i n g a t a n )

S e b e i u m d i l a k s a n a k a n p e n y i t a a n , t e r i i a d a p n a s a b a h y a n g s u d a h

m e n u n g g a k a n g s u r a n 3 b u l a n b e r t u r u t - t u r u t a t a u m e n u n g g a k s a m p a i

d e n g a n j a t u h t e m p o , M a n a j e r B P R P u s k o p a t h a r u s m e m b e r i k a n s u r a t

p e r i n g a t a n t e r l e b i h d a h u l u k e p a d a n a s a b a h s e b a n y a k 3 ( t i g a ) k a l i y a i t u :

' Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Karya, SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank Perkxeditan Rakyat Pu^tjapat Palecobang, hari Kamis 22 Desember 2016.

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a . S u r a t P e r i n g a t a n I : 7 ( t u j u l i ) h a r i s e t e l a h t a n g g a l j a t u h t e m p o a n g s u r a n

t e r a k h i r a t a u s e t e l a h 3 ( t i g a ) b u l a n b e r t u r u t - t u r u t n a s a b a h t i d a k

m e l a k u k a n a n g s u r a n .

b . S u r a t P e r i n g a t a n M: 7 ( t u j u J i ) h a r i s e t e l a h s u r a t p e r i n g a t a n 1 .

c . S u r a t P e r i n g a t a n U l : 7 ( t u j u h ) h a r i s e t e l a h s u r a t p e r i n g a t a n 2 . ^ ' *

3 . P r o s e s P e l a k s a n a a n / P e n a r i k ; m b a r a n g

T u j u a n d i l a k u k a n n y a p e n a r i k a n b a r a n g j a m m a n a d a l a h u n t u k

m e n a r i k k e m b a l i k r e d i t y a n g t e l a h d i s a l u r k a n k e p a d a n a s a b a h b e r i k u t

s e w a m o d a l d a n d e n d a n y a y a n g m e n j a d i h a k p e r u s a h a a n . P e n a r i k a n

b a r a n g j a m i n a n t e t a p h a r u s d i l a k u k a n m e s k i p u n k l a i m a s u r a n s i t e l a h

d i t e r i m a , k a r e n a m a s i h a d a h a k g a d a i s e b e s m 2 0 % y a n g m a s i h h a r u s

d i t e r i m a . S e t e l a h d i k i r i m s u r a l p e r i n g a t a n 111 d a n s u d a h m e m e n u h i s y a r a t

u n t u k d i a j u k a n k l a i m a s u r a n s i , m a k a b e r s a m a a n d e n g a n p e n g a j u a n k l a i m

a s u r a n s i , a k a n d i l a k u k a n p e n y i t a a n / s i t a / e k s e k u s i t e r h a d a p b a r a n g j a m i n a n

d a n p e n j u a l a n s e s u a i d e n g a n P a s a l 2 9 U U N o 4 2 T a h i m 1 9 9 9 J a m i n a n

F i d u s i a u n t u k p i n j a m a n y a n g d i d a f t a r k a n k e k a n t o r f i d u s i a . S e d a n g k a n

u n t u k k r e d i t d a l a m j u m l a h t e r t e n t u y a n g t i d a k d i d a f t a r k a n k e K a n t o r

F i d u s i a , p e n y i t a a n d i l a k u k a n k a r e n a n a s a b a h t e l a h m e m b e r i k u a s a k e p a d a

b a n k u n t u k m e n j u a l a g u n a n b i l a n a s a b a h t i d a k m e n e p a t i j a n j i m e m b a y a r

k e w a j i b a n n y a s e s u a i y a n g t e r t e r a d a l a m p e i j a n j i a n h u t a n g p i u t a n g . P r o s e s

p e n y i t a a n d i l a k u k a n s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Kaiya, SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Puskopat Paiembang, tiari Kamis 22 Desember 2016.

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P i h a k B P R a k a n m e n d a t a n g i l a n g s u n g k e a l a m a t n a s a b a h ;

A p a b i l a b a r a n g j a m i n a n m a s i h a d a , m e s k i p u n n a s a b a h , m i s a l n y a

t e l a h m e n i n g g a l d u n i a , m a k a a k a n d i l a k u k a n p e n g a m b i l a n p a k s a

b a r a n g j a m i n a n s e c a r a p e r s u a s i f d e n g a n m e n g i n g a t k a n b a h w a s e s u a i

p e r j a n j i a n k r e d i t y a n g t e l a h d i s e p a k a t i , m a k a n a s a b a h / a h l i w a r i s

n a s a b a h w a j i b m e n y e r a h k a n a g u n a n u n t u k d i j u a l o l e h p i h a k b a n k

g u n a m e m b a y a r h u t a n g , d e n d a d a n b i a y a - b i a y a l a i n n y a .

D a l a m p r o s e s e k s e k u s i t e r s e b u t a k a n d i j e l a s k a n b a h w a p e m r o s e s a n

k r e d i t u n t u k j u m l a h t e r t e n t u s e b a g a i m a n a d i a t u r d a l a m s u r a t

p e r j a n j i a n k r e d i t t e l a h d i i k a t s e c a r a h u k u m s e h i n g g a b a n k p u n y a h a k

u n t u k m e n a r i k / m e n y i t a b a r a n g j a m i n a n d a n m e l a k u k a n e k s e k u s i

m e l a l u i b a d a n p e l e l a n g a n a t a u k e p u t u s a n p e n g a d i l a n . S e d a n g u n t u k

k r e d i t d i b a w a h j u m l a h t e r t e n t u , n a s a b a h j u g a t e l a h s e p a k a t a p a b i l a

c i d e r a j a n j i s e b a g a i m a n a d i a t u r d a t a m p e r j a n j i a n , m a k a u n t u k

m e l u n a s i k r e d i t , n a s a b a l i t e l a h m e m b e r i k u a s a k e p a d a b a n k i m t u k

m e n j u a l a g u n a n k r e d i t s e s u a i d e n g a n y a n g d i p e r j a n j i k a n d a n

m e m b e r i k u a s a k e p a d a b a n k u n t u k m e l a k u k a n p e n j u a l a n t e r s e b u t .

A p a b i l a n a s a b a h m e l a k u k a n p e r l a w a n a n / m e n o l a k m e m b e r i k a n

b a r a n g j a m i n a n , p i h a k b a n k a k a n m e n g i n g a t k a n b a h w a p e r j a n j i a n

y a n g t e l a h d i b u a t b e r s a m a m e r u p a k a n " u n d a n g - u n d a n g " t e r t i n g g i

b a g i p a r a p i h a k y a n g m e m b u a t n y a . D a n b a n k h a n y a a k a n m e n g a m b i l

s i s a p o k o k p i n j a m a n y a n g b e l u m k e m b a l i .

42

e . A p a b i l a n a s a b a h m e n g g u n a k a n b a n t u a n l e m b a g a h u k u m a t a u

m e l a p o r k e p i h a k k e p o l i s i a n , m a k a b a n k a k a n s e d a p a t m u n g k i n

m e m b e r i k a n a r g u m e n t a s i y a n g k u a t b a h w a p e n a r i k a n b a r a n g

j a n i i n a n s u d a h s e s u a i d e n g a n i s i p e r j a n j i a n y a n g d i b u a t o l e h k e d u a

b e l a h p i h a k .

f . A p a b i l a d e n g a n p e n j e l a s a n t e r s e b u t p e n a r i k a n b a r a n g j a m i n a n m a s i h

g a g a l , m a k a p i h a k b a n k d i b e n a r k a n u n t u k m e m i n t a b a n t u a n a p a r a t

p e n e g a k h u k u m a t a s b i a y a p e r u s a h a a n y a n g a k a n d i p e r h i t u n g k a n

d a r i h a s i l p e n j u a l a n b a r a n g j a m i n a n y a n g b e r h a s i l

d i s i t a / d i e k s e k u s i . ' ' * * *

4. P e l a k s a n a a n . l e l a n g b a r a n g j a m i n a n

B a r a n g j a m i n a n y a n g t e l a h b e r h a s i l d i t a r i k d a r i n a s a b a h , h a r u s d i j u a l

a t a u d i l e l a n g p a l i n g l a m b a t 7 ( t u j u h ) h a r i s e t e l a h t a n g g a l p e n a r i k a n .

P e n j u a l a n d a p a t d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n c a r a :

a . M e l a l u i p r o s e s l e l a n g y a n g b e r l a k u d i p e r u s a h a a n b e r s a m a - s a m a

d e n g a n b a r a n g j a m i n a n .

b . P e n j u a l a n d i b a w a h t a n g a n , b e r d a s a r k a n k e s e p a k a t a n , a p a b i l a h a l i n i

l e b i h m e n g u n t u n g k a n k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k . C a r a p e n j u a l a n s e p e r t i i n i

d i l a k u k a n k a p a n s a j a t i d a k h a r u s m e n u n g g u w a k t u l e l a n g .

S e l u r u h h a s i l p e n j u a l a n / l e l a n g d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k m e m e n u h i

s e l u r u h k e w a j i b a n n a s a b a h k e p a d a b a n k t e r m a s u k d e n d a d a n b i a y a - b i a y a

l a i n y a n g d i b e b a n k a n , y a i t u :

Hasil Wawancara dengan Tt:guh Karya, SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Puskopat Palembang, baii Kamis 22 Desember 2016.

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a . B i a y a - b i a y a y a n g t i m b u l a t a s p e n j u a l a n / l e l a n g b e n d a j a m i n a n ;

b . B i a y a p e n a r i k a n b e n d a j a m i n a n , a p a b i l a m e l a l u i p i h a k k e t i g a .

S i s a n y a s e b a g i a n u a n g k e l e b i h a n y a n g m e n j a d i h a k n a s a b a h d e n g a n

j a n g k a w a k t u p e n g a m b i l a n m a k s i m a l 1 ( s a t u ) t a h u n . L e w a t d a r i i t u m a k a

u a n g k e l e b i h a n m e n j a d i h a k p e r u s a h a a n . ^ ' *

B. Faktor Penunjang dan Penghambat dalam Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Benda

Jaminan di Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Puskopat Palembang

P e n g i k a t a n o b j e k b e n d a j a m i n a n h a r u s d i i k a t d e n g a n a k t a j a m i n a n c a n

h a r u s d i d a f t a r k a n p a d a k a n t o r l e m b a g a j a m i n a n f i d u s i a o l e h n o t a r i s . H a l i n i

m e r u p a k a n s a l a h s a t u b e n t u k p e r l i n d u n g a n t e r h a d a p b a n k s e b a g a i k r e d i t u r

b i l a d e b i t u r m e n g a l a m i k r e d i t m a c e t . B e b e r a p a m a c a m f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t

d a l a m e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n s e p e r t i m u s n a h n y a o b j e k b e n d a j a m i n a n b i s a

h i l a n g a t a u p u n r u s a k b e r a t . S e h i n g g a b a n k a k a n m e l a k u k a n e k s e k u s i t e r h a d a p

b e n d a j a m i n a n y a n g l a i n y a n g t e l a h d i i k a t d a l a m p e r j a n j i a n k r e d i t , s e p e r t i h a k

t a n g g u n g a n . B e r k a i t a n d e n g a n h a i t e r s e b u t , u n t u k k e a m a n a n d a n m e n g h i n d a r i

f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t d a l a m e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t , m a k a b a n k

s e b a g a i k r e d i t u r a k a n m e m i n t a p e n a n d a t a n g a n a n p e r j a n j i a n y a i t u S u r a t K u a s a

J u a l a t a s o b j e k b e n d a j a m i n a n y a n g t e l a h d i i k a t s e b a g a i j a m i n a n t e r h a d a p

b a n k . S e h i n g g a b i l a t e r j a d i k r e d i t m a c e t , k r e d i t u r d a p a t m e l a k u k a n e k s e k u s i

l a n g s u n g t e r h a d a p b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t .

' Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Karya, SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Puskopat Palembang, liari Selasa 27 Desember 2016.

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A d a p u n f a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t y a n g

m e r u p a k a n f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t y a i i g d i l i h a t d a r i s e g i n o n y u r i d i s , a n t a r a l a i n :

1 . B a r a n g j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t t i d a k a d a a t a u m u s n a h

H a l i n i d a p a t t e r j a d i a h i u y a n g l e b i h s e r i n g d i s e b u t s e b a g a i

p e n y a l a h g u n a a n f a s i l i t a s k r e d i t . P e m b e r i a n k r e d i t y a n g t e l a h d i s e p a k a t i

o l e h b a n k s e b a g a i k r e d i t i i r d a n n a s a b a h s e b a g a i d e b i t u r t e l a h

d i s a l a h g u n a k a n o l e h d e b i t u r . S a a t d e b i t u r m e n g a l a m i w a n p r e s t a s i ,

d i m a n a e k s e k u s i t i d a k d a p a t d i l a k u k a n o l e h b a n k d i s e b a b k a n j a m i n a n

t e r s e b u t t i d a k a d a a t a u t e l a h h i l a n g .

2 . K u r a n g n y a k e t e l i t i a n d a l a m p e n d a f t a r a n j a m i n a n

P e n d a f t a r a n j a m m a n b i a s a n y a d i l a k u k a n o l e h n o t a r i s a t a s d a s a r

k e s e p a k a t a n d e b i t u r d a n k r e d i t u r d a l a m p e r j a n j i a n k r e d i t . N a m u n , d a l a m

s u a t u w a k t u b i l a j a m i n a n t i d a k d i d a f t a r k a n a k i b a t k e l a l a i a n , y a n g

m e n y e b a b k a n j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t t i d a k d a p a t d i e k s e k u s i s e w a k t u d e b i t u r

m e n g a l a m i k r e d i t m a c e t a t a u w a n p r e s t a s i .

3 . D e b i t u r t i d a k m a u d i t e m u i

H a l i n i m e r u p a k a n s e u a t u y i m g b i a s a t e r j a d i k e t i k a n a s a b a h m e n g a l a m i

k r e d i t m a c e t , m a k a p i h a k b a n k a k a n m e n g e i u a r k a n S u r a t P e r i n g a t a n .

N a m u n , a p a b i l a t i d a k a d a j a w a b a n d a r i n a s a b a h , m a k a p i h a k b a n k a k a n

m e n d a t a n g i l a n g s i m g r u m a h n a s a b a h . T a p i t e r k a d a n g n a s a b a h s u l i t

d i t e m u i . * ^ *

' Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Karya,SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank Perkxeditan. Rakyat Pusk£»;»l Palembang, hari Selasa 27 Desember 2016.

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F a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a p a t d i l i h a t j u g a d a r i s e g i

yuridisnya, yaitu tidak t e r p e n u h i n y a s y a r a t - s y a r a t p e r j a n j i a n d a l a m

p e n g i k a t a n j a m i n a n o l e h b a n k .

U n t u k s a h n y a P e r j a n j i a n Kr£;dit h a r u s m e m e n u h i 4 ( e m p a t ) p e r s y a r a t a n

y a n g d i t e t a p k a n d a l a m P a s a l 1 3 2 0 - 1 3 3 7 K U H P e r d a t a . d a l a m p e r j a n j i a n

k r e d i t s e h u b u n g a n d e n g a n a s p e k y u r i d i s a p a b i l a s u a t u p e r s e r o a n t e r b a t a s a k a n

m e l a k u k a n p e r b u a t a n h u k u m d a l j u n m e m p e r o l e h p e m b e r i a n k r e d i t d a r i b a n k

maka apabila Perseroan Terbatas t e r s e b u t m e n j a d i d e b i t u r , s e m u a p e n d i r i a t a u

p e m e g a n g s a h a m n y a d a n s e m u i a p e n g u r u s ( a n g g o t a D i r e k s i d a n D e w a n

K o m i s a r i s ) h a r u s s e t u j u s e c a r a t e r t u l i s d a n i k u t m e n a n d a t a n g a n i p e r j a n j i a n

k r e d i t y a n g dibuat oleh bank .*^*

F a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t l a i n n y a j u g a d a p a t b e r u p a ;

a . T e n t a n g p e n d e l e g a s i a n e k s e k u s i

A d a k e m u n g k i n a n b a h w a b a r a n g - b a r a n g y a n g d i m o h o n k a n e k s e k u s i

i t u b e r a d a d i l u a r w i l a y a h y u r i s d i k s i P e n g a d i l a n y a n g m e m u t u s

p e r k a r a n y a . P e r s o a l a n n y a a d a l a h b a g a i m a n a c a r a m e l a k s a n a k a n

eksekusinya. D a J a m h a l i n i d a p a t d i t e m p u h m e n g g u n a k a n l e m b a g a

" p e n d e l e g a s i a n e k s e k u s i " . T a t a c a r a p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i t e r h a d a p

o b j e k b e n d a j a m i n a n , K e t u a P e n g a d i l a n m e m b u a t s u r a t p e n e t a p a n

y a n g i s i n y a m e m e r i n t a h k t m k e p a d a P a n i t e r a a t a u J u r u s i t a P e n g a d i l a n

t e m p a t o b j e k b e n d a j a m i n a n y a n g a k a n d i l a k s a n a k a n e k s e k u s i n y a .

Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia.

46

b . P e r l a w a n a n t e r h a d a p e k s e k u s i

A p a b i l a t e r j a d i p e r l a w a n a n p i h a k n a s a b a h t e r h a d a p e k s e k u s i b e n d a

j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t a t a u n a s a b a h m e n g g u n a k a n l e m b a g a h u k u m i m t u k

m e m b a t a l k a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t , m a k a p i h a k b a n k

d a p a t m e m i n t a p i h a k P e n g a d i l a n y a n g m e m u t u s p e r k a r a t e r s e b u t

u n t u k m e m e r i k s a p o k o k p e r k a r a d a n b u k t i s u r a t p e r j a n j i a n y a n g t e l a h

d i b u a t d i a w a l k r e d i t o l e h k e d u a b e l a h p i h a k , y a i t u p i h a k B a n k

( k r e d i t u r ) d a n p i h a k n a s a b a h ( d e b i t u r ) . ^ *

c . E k s e k u s i t i d a k d a p a t d i j a l t m k a n

B a n y a k n y a h a m b a t a n y a n g d i t e m u i d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i

d i l a p a n g a n , s e h i n g g a e k s e k u s i t i d a k d a p a t d i j a l a n k a n s e b a g a i m a n a

m e s t i n y a . D i a n t a r a h a m b a t a n y a n g s e r i n g d i t e m u k a n d i l a p a n g a n ,

h a r t a k e k a y a a n t e r e k s e k u s i t i d a k a d a , s e c a r a m u t l a k b a r a n g y a n g

d i e k s e k u s i t i d a k a d a a t a u m u n g k i n s u d a h t e r j u a l s e b e i u m e k s e k u s i

d i j a l a n k a n , a t a u t e l a h m u s n a h k a r e n a a d a n y a b e n c a n a a lam. '*^*

S e l a i n f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t , e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n j u g a m e m i l i k i f a k t o r

p e n u n j a n g d a l a m m e l a k u k a n e k s e k u s i t e r h a d a p b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t .

F a k t o r p e n u n j a n g i n i m e m u d a h k a n p i h a k y a n g t e r k a i t u n t u k m e l a k u k a n

e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n .

Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Karya,SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank P e r k r e d i t a n Jft^iyatPuskopat Psiembang, J i a r i Selasa 2 7 Desember 2 0 1 6 .

Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Karya,SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank Peikreditan Rakyat Puskopat Palembang, hari Selasa 2 7 Desember 2 0 1 6 .

4 7

A d a p u n f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m m a n , y a i t u :

1 . A d a n y a h u k u m w a j i b

H u k u m w a j i b d i s i n i d i n i a k s u d k a n p a d a p e n g i k a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n

d i a w a l k r e d i t y a i t u b e r u p a p e r j a n j i a n , P e r j a n j i a n i n i d i l a k u k a n

E^ar a p a b i l a s u a t u h a i r i d e b i t u r t i d a k d a p a t m e l i m a s i h u t a n g a t a u

s e n g a j a t i d a k m e i u n a s : h u t a n g , m a k a k r e d i t u r d a p a t m e l a k u k a n

e k s e k u s i b e n d a y a n g m e n j a d i o b j e k j a n i i n a n d a i i d e b i t u r d e n g a n

m u d a h k a r e n a t e l a h t e r i k a t p e r j a n j i a n y a n g sah.^**

2. A d a n y a S u r a t K u a s a J u a l d a r i d e b i t u r

B i a s a n y a j i k a t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p e r j a n j i a n d i a w a l k r e d i t m a k a

d e b i t u r d i m i n t a u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n S u r a t K u a s a J u a l a t a s b e n d a

y a n g t e l a h d i j a m i n k a n n y a k e p a d a k r e d i t u r / ^ *

F a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t d a p a t

m e m u d a h k a n p a r a p i h a k y a n g m e l a k u k a n e k s e k u s i . S e t e l a h e k s e k u s i

d i l a k u k a n m a k a h a s i l p e n j u a l a n b e n d a j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t a k a n d i g u n a k a n u n t u k

p e l u n a s a n h u t a n g d e b i t u r . H a s i l p e n j u a l a n t e r s e b u t s e l a i n d i p e r g u n a k a n u n t u k

m e l u n a s i h u t a n g j u g a d i g u n a k a t i u n t u k m e m b a y a r d e n d a d a n b i a y a - b i a y a

t e r k a i t e k s e k u s i t e r s e b u t . J i k a h i a s i l p e n j u a l a n l e b i h m a k a k r e d i t u r w a j i b

m e n g e m b a l i k a n k e p a d a d e b i t u r , n a m t m j i k a h a s i l p e n j u a l a n i t u t i d a k j u g a

' Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Karya, SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank P e r k r e d i t a n Rakyat Puskopat Paiembar^, Jiari Selasa 2 7 Desember 2016.

Hasil Wawancara dengan Teguh Karya, SE Kepala Bidang Kredit di Bank Pericreditan Rakyat Puskopat Palembang, hari Selasa 27 Desember 2016.

48

m e n c u k u p i p e l u n a s a n m a k a d e b i t u r t e t a p w a j i b m e l u n a s i h u t a n g n y a t e r h a d a p

k r e d i t u r .

A d a p u n j i k a h a s i l p e n j u a l a n b e n d a j a m i n a n i t u l e b i h d a n d e b i t u r t i d a k

m e n g a m b i l n y a d a l a m j a n g k a w a k t u 1 ( t a h u n ) m a k a h a s i l p e n j u a l a n i t u m u t l a k

m e n j a d i m i l i k k r e d i t u r .

BAB I V

PENUTUP

A . Kesimpulan

1 . P e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g d i B a n k

P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g , d i l a k u k a n d e n g a n t a h a p a n s e b a g a i

b e r i k u t :

a . M e l a k u k a n u p a y a - u p a y a p e r s u a s i f

b . S o m a s i ( m e m b e r i k a n p e r i n g a t a n )

c . P r o s e s p e l a k s a n a a n / p e n a r i t r a n b a r a n g

d . P e l a k s a n a a n l e l a n g b a r a n g j a m i n a n

2 . F a k t o r - f a k t o r y a n g m e n j a d i p e n t m j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t d a l a m p e l a k s a n a a n

e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d i B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t P u s k o p a t P a l e m b a n g ,

s e b a g a i b e r i k u t :

a . F a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n u n j a n g :

1 ) A d a n y a h u k u m w a j i b

M a k s u d n y a a d a l a h p e n g i k a t a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n d i a w a l k r e d i t

b e r u p a p e r j a n j i a n o l e h k r e d i t u r k e p a d a d e b i t u r

2 ) A d a n y a s u r a t k u a s a j u a i d a r i d e b i t u r

S e t e l a h m e l a k u k a n p e r j a n j i a n d i a w a l k r e d i t m a k a d e b i t u r d i m i n t a

u n t u k m e m b e r i k a n S u r a t K u a s a J u a l k e p a d a k r e d i t u r

b . F a k t o r - f a k t o r p e n g h a m b a t :

1 ) B a r a n g j a m i n a n t e r s e b u t t i d a k a d a a t a u m u s n a h

2 ) K u r a n g n y a k e t e l i t i a n d t i l a m p e n d a f t a r a n j a m i n a n

49

5 0

3 ) D e b i t u r t i d a k m a u d i t e m u i

4 ) T e n t a n g p e n d e l e g a s i a n e k s e k u s i

5) P e r l a w a n a n t e r h a d a p e k s e k u s i

6 ) E k s k u s i t i d a k d a p a t d i j i d a n k a n

B. Saran

1 . D i s a r a n k a n k r e d i t u r d a l a m m e l a k u k a n p e n g i k a t a n o b j e k j a m i n a n h a r u s

m e l a k u k a n p e n i l a i a n y a n g s e r i n g k e l a p a n g a n u s a h a d e b i t u r s e s u a i k e t e n t u a n

p i o s e d u r p e r k r e d i t a m p a d a B a n k . H a l i n i d i l a k u k a n a g a r d a p a t

m e m p e r m u d a h j i k a a k a n m e n g e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a n i i n a n d a n d a p a t m e n c e g a h

p e n g h a m b a t a n d a l a m e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n .

2 . D i s a r a n k a n d e b i t u r p e m b e r i j a m i n a n h a r u s m e l a k u k a n p e m e l i h a r a a n a g a r

b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m k e a d a a n r e l a t i f b a i k . D e b i t u r p e m b e r i j a m i n a n w a j i b

m e n g g a n t i b e n d a j a m i n a n a p a b i l a b e n d a t e r s e b u t r u s a k a t a u h i l a n g a t a u p t m

t i d a k d a p a t d i g u n a k a n l a g i .

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Buku :

A d r i a n S u t e d i , Hukum Perbankan^ S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 1 4 .

A h m a d i M i r u , Hukum Kontrak Dan Perancangan Kontrak^ R a j a G r a f i n d o , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 7 .

F a k u l t a s H u k u m , Buku Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, U n i v e r s i t a s M u h a m m a d i y a h P a l e m b a n g , 2 0 1 5

G a t o t S u p r a m o n o , Perbankan Dan Masalah Kredit Suatu Tinjauan Yuridis, D j a m b a t a n , J a k a r t a , 1 9 9 5 .

H a s b u U a h F r i e d a , Hukum Kebendaan Jilid 2, S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 2 .

H e r l i n B u d i o n o , Ajaran Umum Hukum Perjanjian Dan Penerapan di Bidang Kenotariatan, C i t r a A d i t y a , B a n d u n g , 2 0 1 0 .

H e r m a n s y a h , Hukum Perbankan Nasional Indonesia, K e n c a n a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 8 .

I n d r a w a t i S o e w a r s o , Aspek Hukum Jaminan Kredit, I n s t i t u t B a n k i r I n d o n e s i a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 2 .

J o h a n n e s I b r a h i m , Mengupas Juntas Kredit Komersil Dan Konsumtif Dalam Perjanjian Kredit Bank, M a n d a r M a j u , B a n d u n g , 2 0 0 4 .

M a r i a m D a r u s B a d m l z a m a n , Aneka Hukum Bisnis, A l u m n i , B a n d u n g , 2 0 0 5 .

P a s a r i b u C h a i r u m a n , Hukum Perjanjian Dalam Islam, S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 4 .

P e r a n g i n E f f e n d i , Praktek Penggunaan Tanah Sebagai Jaminan Kredit, R a j a w a l i P e r s , 1 9 8 7 .

Rachmadi Usman, Hukum Kebendaan, S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 1 1 .

S a l i m H S , Perkembangan Hukum Jaminan Di Indonesia, R a j a G r a f i n d o P e r s a d a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 1 4 .

S i m a n j u n t a k P . N . H , Pokok-Pokok Hukum Perdata Indonesia, S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 9 .

51

52

S r i S o e d e w i M a s j o h o e n S o w f a n , Pokok-Pokok H u k u m J a m i n a n dan J a m i n a n P e r o r a n g a n , L i b e r t y Y o g y a k a r t a , Y o g y a k a r t a , 1 9 9 0 .

SubekXi, A n e k a P e r j a n j i a n , A l u m n i , B a n d u n g , 1 9 9 7 .

H u k u m P e r j a n j i a n , I n t e r m a s a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 0 1 .

S u d a r y o S o i m i n , Kitab U n d a n g - U n d a n g H u k u m P e r d a t a , S i n a r G r a f i k a , J a k a r t a , 2 0 \ 3 .

W i q o n o P r o d j o d i k o r o , A5a:s-A5as/fiiiftMmJ*ejy«if//flii, S u m u r B a n d u n g , 1 9 9 9

Undang-Undang:

U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 1 0 T a h u n 1 9 9 8 t e n t a n g P e r b a n k a n

U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o m o r 4 2 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 tentang / a m u f o i i F i d u s i a

Sumber Internet:

H a n d a y a n i E k a B u d i a n i t a , " G a d m " , d i a k s e s d a r i h t t p : / / a c a d e m i a . a c . i d p a d a t a n g g a l , 1 8 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 , P u k u l 1 7 : 1 1

Kamus Besar Bahasa tndoaesia, diakses d a r i h t t p . ' / Z k b b i . w e b . i d / e k s e k u s i p a d a t a n g g a l 1 9 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 P u k u l 0 8 : 0 9

h n p ' . / / i d . m . w i k i T } e d i a . o x g / w i k y s \ ] > ^ ^ d i a k s e s p a d a t a n g g a l 1 9 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 , P u k u l 1 7 : 5 4

h t t p : / / i ) e n g a y a a n . c o m / t ) e n g e r f i a n - p m j a m - m e n i i n j a m , d i a k s e s p a d a t a n g g a l 1 9 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 , P u k u l 1 8 : 2 3

h t t p ; / / o j k . g o . i d / i d / k a n M / p c t b a n k a n / p a g e s / B a n k - P e r k r e d i t a n - d i a k s e s p a d a t a n g g a l 1 9 O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6 , P u k u l 1 9 : 0 2

U N I V E R S I T A S M U H A M M A D I Y A H P A L E M B A N G

F A K U L T A S H U K U M

R E K O M E N D A S I D A N P E M B I M B I N G S K R I P S I

N a m a N i m P r o g r a m S t u d i P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n J u d u ! S k r i p s i

N i t a A n i s a 5 0 2 0 1 3 2 5 0 I l m u H u k u m H u k u m P e r d a t a

E K S E K U S I B E N D A J A M I N A N D A L A M P I N J A M M E M I N J A M U A N G M E L A L U I B A N K P E R K R E D I T A N R A K Y A T P U S K O P A T P A L E M B A N G .

R e k o m e n d a s i K e t u a P r o d i I l m u H u k u m

a. R e k o m e n d a s i

b . U s u l a n P e m b i m b i n g : \.ff.:AAPAL.^^^^^

P a l e m b a n g , sT O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6

K e t u a ^ r o d i I l m u H u k u m

M u l y a d i T a n z i l i , S H . ^ I H

11. P e n e t a p a n P e m b i m b i n g S k r i p s i O l e h W a k i l D e k a n I .

1 h^io ajp^rrH-^'-A^

UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH PALEMBANG

F A K U L T A S HUKUM

L a m p i r a n : O u t l i n e S k r i p s i

P e r i h a l : P e n e l i t i a n H u k u m d a n P e n u l i s a n S k r i p s i

K e p a d a : K e t u a P r o g r a m S t u d i I l m u H u k u m

F a k u l t a s H u k u m U M P

d i -P a l e m b a n g .

A s s a l a m u ' a l a i k u m W r . W b

S a y a y a n g b e r t a n d a t a n g a n d i b a w a h i n i : N a m a ; N i t a A n i s a N i m : 5 0 2 0 1 3 2 5 0 P r o g r a m K e k h u s u s a n ; H u k u m P e r d a t a

P a d a s e m e s t e r G a n j i l k u l i a h 2 0 1 6 / 2 0 1 7 s u d a h m e n y e i e s a i k a n b e b a n s t u d y y a n g m e l i p u t i M P K , M K K , M K B , M P B , M B B ( 1 4 5 s k s ) . D e n g a n i n i m e n g a j u k a n p e r m o h o n a n u n t u k P e n e l i t i a n H u k u m d a n P e n u l i s a n S k r i p s i d e n g a n j u d u l : "Eksekusi Benda Jaminan daiam Pinjam Meminjam Uang Melalui Bank Perkreditan Rakyat PUSKOPAT

Palembang"

D e m i k i a n l a h a t a s p e r k e n a n n y a d i u c ^ k a n t e r i m a k a s i h .

W a s s a l a m . P a l e m b a n g , O k t o b e r 2 0 1 6

R e k o m e n d a s i P A , Y s b :

P e m b f i m b i n g A k a d e m i k ,

O U T L I N E

E K S E K U S I BENDA JAMINAN D A L A M PINJAM MEMINJAM UANG M E L A L U I BANK P E R K R E D I T A N R A K Y A T PUSKOPAT PALEMBANG

P e r m a s a l a h a n :

1 . B a g a i m a n a p e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m u a n g d i B P R P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g ?

2 . F a k o r - f a k t o r a p a k a h y a n g m e n j a d i p e n u n j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d i B P R P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g ?

B A B . I . P E N D A H U L U A N A . L a t a r B e l a k a n g B . Permasalahan C . R u a n g L i n g k u p d a n T u j u a n D . D e f i n i s i K o n s e p t u a l E . M e t o d e P e n e l i t i a n F . S i s t e m a t i k a P e n u l i s a n

B A B . I I . T I N J A U A N P U S T A K A A . T i n j a u a n u m u m t e n t a n g P e r j a n j i a n B . T i n j a u a n u m u m t e n t a n g J a m i n a n C . T i n j a u a n u m u m t e n t a n g B a n k

B A B . I I I . P E M B A H A S A N 1 . P e l a k s a n a a n e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m i n a n d a l a m p i n j a m m e m i n j a m

u a n g d i B a n k P e r k r e d i t a n R a k y a t P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g .

2 . F a k o r - f a k t o r a p a k a h y a n g m e n j a d i p e n u n j a n g d a n p e n g h a m b a t e k s e k u s i b e n d a j a m m a n d i B P R P U S K O P A T P a l e m b a n g ?

B A B . I V . P E N U T U P A . K e s i m p u l a n B . S a r a n - s a r a n

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Menuju Scjahtcra Bersama P a l e m b a n g , 2 7 D e s e m b e r 2 0 1 6

N o m o r 1 9 5 / X / D 1 R - 1 0 / X I I / 2 0 1 6

L a m p i r a n

P e r i h a l P e n e l i t i a n d a n W a w a n c a r a

lit K e p a d a Y t h ,

D e k a n F a k u l t a s H u k u m

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