domain arkhaea

Domain Arkhaea

Dunia Archaea : 2 Phylum

1. Phylum Crenarcheota

2. Phylum Euryarcheota

Arkhaea & Carl Woese

Carl Woese

Perbedaan Archaea dengan Bacteria

• Dinding sel

• Membran sitoplasma

• Resistensi terhadap antibiotik

• Jumlah subunit RNA Polimerase

• Adanya intron tRNA pada Archaea

Keanekaragaman Mikrobia

A. Domain Archaea: 1. Dunia Archaea: 2 Phylum

B. Domain Bacteria :

2. Dunia Bacteria : 23 Phylum

C. Domain Eukarya:

1. Dunia Fungi

2. Dunia Protista

3. Dunia Plantae

4. Dunia Animalia

Klasifikasi Filogenetik

Phylogeny Archaea

Sel Archaea: morfologi

Phylogenetic Classification:

Bergeys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology ( Vol 1 – 5, Second Edition; 2001 - ?)

I.Domain Archaea

1. Phylum Crenarcheota (1 Class: 3 Orders)

2. Phylum Euryarcheota (7 Classes: 9 Orders)

Domain Archaea (: 1 Kingdom)

Kingdom Archaea (2 Phylum)

Phylum I. Crenarchaeota ( 1 Classis)Classis 1. Thermoprotei (3 Ordo)Ordo 1. Thermproteales (2 Familia) Familia 1. Thermoproteaceae (4 Genera) Familia 2. Thermofilaceae (1 Genus)Ordo 2. Desulforococcales (2 Familia) Familia 1. Desulforococcaceae (8 Genera) Familia 2. Pyrodictiaceae (3 Genera)Ordo 3. Sulfolobales (1 Familia) Familia 1. Sulfolobaceae ( 6 Genera)

Genus: Thermoproteus

Copy right: K.O.Stetter & R.Rachel, Univ.Regensburg Extreemly thermophilic-anaaerobic Archaea

TEM image by Wolfram Zillig.

Genus: Desulforococcus

Dsfc. saccahrovorans

Genus: Sulfolobus

Sulfolobus solfataricus

Phylum II. Euryarchaeota (7 Classis)

Classis 1. Methanobacteria (1 Ordo)Ordo 1. Methanobacteriales (2 Familia) Familia 1. Methanobacteriaceae ( 4 Genera) Familia 2. Methanothermaceae (1 Genus)

Methanogenic Archaea

Gnus: Methanobacterium

Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum

Genus: Methanobacterium & Methylomonas

Methanobacterium bryantiMethanobacterium subterraneum

Methylomonas scandinavium

Classis 2. Methanococci (3 Ordo)

Ordo 1. Methanococcales (2 Familia) Familia 1. Methanococcaceae (2 Genera) Familia 2. Methanocaldococcaceae (2 Genera)Ordo 2. Methanomicrobiales (3 familia) Familia 1. Methanomicrobiaceae (6 Genera) Familia 2. Methanocorpusculaceae (1 Genus) Familia 3. Methanospirillaceae (1 Genus) Genus 1. Methanocalculus (Genus incertae sedis) Ordo 3. Methanosarcinales (2 familia) Familia 1. Methanosarcinaceae (6 Genera) Familia 2. Methanosaetaceae (1 Genus)

Methanococcus & Methanomicrobium

Methanococcus vineli Methanomicrobium mobile

Genus: Methanomicrobium

Methanococcus janashii

Genus: Methanosarcina

Methanosarcina acetivorans

Methanosarcina barkeri

Classis 3. Halobacteria (1 Ordo)

Ordo 1. Halobacteriales (1 Familia; 1 Genus)

Classis 4. Thermoplasmata (1 Ordo)

Ordo 1. Thermoplasmatales (2 Familia)

Familia 1. Thermoplasmataceae (1 Genus)

Familia 2. Picrophilacese (1 Genus)

Classis 5. Thermococci (1 Ordo)

Ordo 1. Thermococcales (1 Familia)

Familia 1. Thermococcaceae (2 Genera)

Halophilic Archaea

Methanosarcina mazei

Great Salt Lake, North Arm: pink wate

Genus: Halobacterium

Halobacterium salinarum Halobacterium salinarum

Genus: Halobacterium

Halobacterium bloom at Cheetam Lake, Australia

Halobacterium halobium

Thermophilic Archaea

Sulfolobussolfataricus

Genus: Thermoplasma & Thermococcus

Thermococcus acidiminovorans

Thermoplasma acidophilum

Thermoplasma tree

Genus: Pyrococcus

Pyrococcus furiosus

Pyrococcus abysi

Classis 6. Archaeoglobi (1 Ordo)

Ordo 1. Archaeoglobales (1 Familia)

Familia 1. Archaeoglobaceae (2 Genera)

Classis 7. Methanopyri (1 Ordo)

Ordo 1. Methanopyrales (1 Familia)

Familia 1. Methanopyraceae (1 Genus)

Genus: Archaeoglobus

Archaeoglobus fulgidus

A. veneficus

Archaeoglobus in biofilm

Genus: Methanopyrus

Methanopyrus kandleri