budidaya kelinci

BUDIDAYA KELINCI

Abdul Samik

FKH-UA

Desember 2013

KEUNGGULAN KELINCI

Kelinci Ayam KambingSapi

Jml anak/th (ekor) 40 100 1.4 0,8

BB induk (kg) 4,5 3 70

500

Protein (gram) 20 16-20 - 19

Lemak(%) 6,8 13 36 32

Jenis-Jenis Kelinci

Kesenangan (Hobi) Budidaya, Kontes

Laboratorium Bulu

Angora Rex

Daging Tipe besar

BERDASARKAN UKURANNYA :

Kecil (0.9-2.7 kg)Kecil (0.9-2.7 kg)1.1. American Fuzzy LopAmerican Fuzzy Lop2.2. Britannia PetiteBritannia Petite3.3. DutchDutch4.4. Dwarf HototDwarf Hotot5.5. Florida whiteFlorida white6.6. Havana Havana 7.7. HimalayanHimalayan8.8. Holland LopHolland Lop

9. Jersey wolly10. Mini Lop11. Mini Rex 11. Mini Rex 12. Netherland Dwarf 12. Netherland Dwarf 13. Polish 13. Polish 14. Silver14. Silver15. Tan15. Tan

Sedang (2.7-4.1kg)Sedang (2.7-4.1kg)1. American Sable 1. American Sable 7. Lilac 7. Lilac 2. Belgian Hare 2. Belgian Hare 8. Rex 8. Rex 3. English angora 3. English angora 9. Rhinelander 9. Rhinelander 4. English Spot 4. English Spot 10. Satin Angora 10. Satin Angora 5. French angora 5. French angora 11. Silver Marten 11. Silver Marten 6. Harlequin 6. Harlequin 12. Standard 12. Standard

Chinchilla Chinchilla

Besar (4.1-Besar (4.1-5kg)5kg)

1. American 1. American 2. American Chinchilla 2. American Chinchilla 3. Beveren 3. Beveren 4. Californian 4. Californian 5. Champagne d'Argent 5. Champagne d'Argent 6. Cinnamon 6. Cinnamon 7. Creme d'Argent 7. Creme d'Argent 8. English Lop 8. English Lop 9. Giant Angora 9. Giant Angora

10. Hotot 10. Hotot 11. New Zealand 11. New Zealand 12. Palomino 12. Palomino 13. Satin 13. Satin 14. Silver Fox 14. Silver Fox

Raksasa (lebih dari Raksasa (lebih dari 5kg)5kg)

1.1. Checkered Giant,Checkered Giant,

2. Flemish Giant (Patagonian),2. Flemish Giant (Patagonian),

3. French Lop3. French Lop

4. Giant Chinchilla 4. Giant Chinchilla

KEGUNAAN

1. Daging

protein tinggi

cholesterol rendah

lemak rendah

2. Penelitian

produksi antibodi

studi reproduksi

penelitian penyakit manusia

3. Bulu

- Normal- Rex- Angora- Satin

4. Kesayangan

JENIS-JENIS KELINCI

45 Jenis

5 kelas utama

minikecilsedangbesargiant

Kandang dan Perlengkapan

Kandang cukup lebar untuk pergerakan kelinci

Kandang terbuat dr kawat

Lantai kandang terbuat dari kayu yg kuat

Perawatan Tahan thd suhu

dingin Tdk tahan thd

suhu panas Membutuhkan

udara bebas bergerak

Block drafts in cold weather

Jenis pakan :

Hijauan : rumput lapangan, limbah sayuran,

daun turi, daun lamtoro, dll. Hay (rumput kering) : rumput gajah, setaria,

pucuk tebu, dll. Biji – bijian : jagung, sorgum, kacang hijau. Umbi – umbian : wortel,ubi jalar, singkong. Konsentrat : pellet (pakan buatan dari

dari pabrik), bekatul, dll.

Pemberian pakan

Sistem ad libitum : pemberian pakan selalu tersedia Sistem restriction : pemberian pakan yg disediakan scr terbatasKebiasaan Kelinci Coprophage/caecotrophy : memakan kotoran sendiri. Fur eating habit : menggigit dan memakan bulunya

sendiri/ kayu tmp sangkarnya.

Tujuan menyusun ransum kelinci

memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi ternak kelinci agar produksi optimal keuntungan optimal

Syarat memahami kebutuhan zat-zat nutrisi kelinci

(feeding standard) memahami komposisi kimia bahan mampu merangkum bahan

Pemilihan bahan :

- mudah didapat- murah harganya- tidak bersaing dengan keperluan manusia- terjamin ketersediaannya- baik kualitasnya

Jumlah pemberian konsentrat : - Pertumbuhan,penggemukan,pejantan : 50 gr. - induk bunting : 70 gr. - induk menyusui : 150 – 200 gr. - + rumput lapangan ad lib.

Jumlah pemberian konsentrat :

- Pertumbuhan,penggemukan,pejantan :

50 gr.

- induk bunting : 70 gr.

- induk menyusui : 150 – 200 gr.

- + rumput lapangan ad lib.

PAKAN

Tempat pakan terbuat dr stainles

Tempat minum bentuk ember atau botol

Pakan komersial (pelet)

Jangan terlalu banyak makan selada hijau

Jangan terlalu banyak memberi pakan sayur atau buah

Coprophagy

PAKAN KELINCI

Rumput kering Jagung Gandum Tepung gandum wortel Apel Buncis Pisang Nanas

Handling

Jangan dipegang telinganya

Gunakan baju lengan panjang

Pegang dg lembut

ISTILAH Jantan: Buck

Betina: Doe

Muda: Bunny

Anak: Kit

Group: Herd

REPRODUKSI Pubertas: 5-8 bln Betina butuh sinar

lampu slm 16 jam/hr untuk proses reproduksi

Betina dibawa kekandang jantan pd saat kawin (tdk sebaliknya)

Kebuntingan: 30-32 hr

Doe merontokkan bulu untuk membuat sarang

Tinggalkan doe sendiri pd saat melahirkan

Sapih: 4-8 mgg

PENYAKIT KELINCI

Enteritis

Peradangan pd saluran usus

Menyebabkan kematian pd kelinci

Disebabkan oleh bakteri dan sanitasi yg tdk baik

Gejala: tdk mau makan. Minum air terlalu banyak

Kematian terjadi 4-7 hr stl infeksi

Pengobatan dg antibiotik broad-spectrum

Snuffles

Disebabkan oleh Pasteurella multocida

Gejala: bersin dg keluar ingus

Muncul pd hwn yg stres

Wry Neck

Kepala melintir kesalah satu sisi

Disebabkan oleh Pasteurella multocida

Pengobatan: antibiotics

Kutu telinga

Parasit eksternal Mengeleng-

gelengkan kepala, mengaruk-garuk telinga

Pengobatan: mineral oil untuk telinga atau obat tetes telinga

JENIS-JENIS KELINCI

American Chinchilla

Great for Meat Very Popular Great Pets Docile nature Need to be

protected from cold, drafts, wind, snow and rain.

American Sable

American Sable is a rich sepia brown color with brown eyes.

Weights Sr. Buck-8 pounds

Weight Sr. Does - 9 pounds

American

The American Blue Rabbit comes from Pasadena, Calif.

Intended as a meat and fur rabbit

Bucks weigh 9 pounds

Does weigh 10 pounds

Californian

Developed in the USA in 1920’s

Rapid maturing Meat breed High Quality Fur Crossed between

Himalayan and Chinchilla rabbit breeds.

Weight 7-15 pounds

Champagne d’Argent

Sr. Bucks weigh 10 pounds

Sr. Does weigh 10-11 pounds.

Adult color is bluish white body with black hairs with darker nose and muzzle, brown eyes

Cinnamon

American breed of rabbits - developed in Montana.

Commercial breeding rabbit weighing 8.5 - 11 pounds.

Rich, russet dark brown color - deep cinnamon.

Dwarf Hotot

Original home was Germany.

Crossbred from Netherlands Dwarf and Dutch.

Small and Compact, stocky, docile little rabbit

Average weight-2.5 pounds

Dutch

Black Dutch most common. Other colors include Blue, Chocolate, Gray, Steel, Tortoise.

White shoulders are distinguishing mark

Well rounded body Blaze on face-

wedge shaped.

English Angora

Average size 5.5 pounds.

Colors: lilac, chocolate, white, fawn, chestnut, broken black, blue,

Fur type rabbit.

French Angora

Average Weight 7.5 to 8 pounds

Good wool producers Dual Purpose, wood

and meat. All toenails should be

matched. Colors-variety of

colors including white, solids, or brokens

Flemish Giant

Colors: Black, blue, fawn, light gray, sandy, steel, gray, and white.

Sr. Bucks weigh 13 pounds or over

Sr. Does weigh 14 pounds or over.

French Lop

Color Groups: Agouti, Broken, self, shaded, ticked, wide band.

Classifications-broken pattern or solid pattern.

Sr. bucks-10.5 pounds

Sr. Does-11 pounds

Florida White

Excellent Meat rabbit

Pure white color Pink eyes Sr. Bucks & Does

- 5 pounds Jr. Bucks & Does

- up to 4.5 pounds.

American Fuzzy Lop

Color Groups: Agouti, Broken, Pointed White, Self, Shaded, Wide Band.

Classifications-Broken & Solid pattern

Sr. Bucks - 3.5 lbs. Sr. Does - 3.75 lbs.

Giant Angora

Fur Type Rabbit Colors: Ruby

Eyed White Sr. Bucks - 9.5

lbs. Sr. Does - 10 lbs.

Giant Chinchilla

Chinchilla color with brown eyes.

Sr. Bucks - 12-15 pounds.

Sr. Does - 13-16 pounds.

Meat Type rabbit

Havana

Colors: Black, Blue and Chocolate

Sr. Bucks & Does - 5.25 - 5.5 pounds

Jr. Bucks & Does- minimum 2.5 pounds.

Himalayan

Small Size , gentle nature

Ideal for children Colors: Black, Blue,

chocolate, and lilac Sr. Bucks & Does -

3.5 pounds Jr. Bucks & Does-

minimum 1.25 lbs.

Holland Lop

Round head with flat face.

Short lop ears. Many Color

Groups Sr. Buck & Does

up to 4 pounds. Jr. Bucks & Does

up to 2 pounds

Harlequin

Groups include: Japanese, Magpie

Color varieties: Black, blue,chocolate, and lilac.

Sr. Bucks - 7.5 lbs. Sr. Does - 8 lbs.

English Lop

Very tolerant and affectionate animal

Ears must measure 21” from tip to tip to be shown.

Ears problems a key factor to health-scapes.

Sr. Bucks & Does -9 to 10 lbs.

Mini Satin

Color varieties: white with light ivory cast and pink eyes.

Sr. Bucks & Does - 4 pounds.

Mini Lop

Very gentle handling, docile breed

Chubby faces, lopped ears, compact body.

Solid and broken Sr. Bucks & Does

- 6 pounds.

Mini Rex

Small, compact type breed.

Fur-plush and velvety.

Colors-black, blue, castor, chocolate, lilac, lynx, opal, seal, tortoise, white, red sable, otter, sand,

Weight - up to 4 lbs.

Netherlands Dwarf

Small, compact rabbit, round head and body.

They come in 29 color varieties.

Sr. Bucks & Does up to 2 pounds.

New Zealand

Meat Rabbits Color Varieties:

Black, Red and White.

Sr. Bucks - 10 lbs. Sr. Does - 11 lbs. Very hardy,

popular meat breed.

Polish

Originated In England and Germany.

Small and Compact Colors: black, blue,

broken, chocolate, blue-eyed white, ruby-eyed white.

Sr. Buck & Doe - 2.5 lbs.

Palomino

Color varieties: Golden, and lynx

Sr. Buck - 9 pounds

Sr. Doe - 10 pounds

Meaty breed

Rex

All purpose breed; excellent carcass and excellent FUR.

No other fur compares

Change colors with maturity.

Many colors Sr. Buck - 8 lbs Sr. Doe - 9 lbs

Rhinelander

Colors: White body with black and bright golden - orange spots, with brown eyes.

Sr. Bucks - 8 lbs. Sr. Does - 8.5 lbs.

Satin

Excellent breed to raise and show.

Ex. meat breed Hair reflects light and

gives it unique shine. Colors: black, blue,

broken, chinchilla, chocolate, copper, otter, red, siamese

Size - average 9-10 lbs.

Standard Chinchilla

Color: Chinchilla wih any eye colcor but pink. BROWN eyes is preferred.

Sr. Buck - 6 lbs. Sr. Doe - 6.5 lbs.

Silver

Small Breed weighing about 4-7 lbs. Average is 5-6 pounds.

Very athletic and active.

Colors: black, brown, and fawn

English SpotEnglish Spot

English SpotEnglish Spot

English LopEnglish Lop

French LopFrench Lop

Holland LopHolland Lop

Mini LopMini Lop

DUTCH

New Zealand White

Florida WhiteFlorida White

CIRI-CIRI :

-Populer/disukai masyarakat

-Warna putih, mata merah

-Bersifat jinak

-Pertumbuhan cepat, tanpa lemak

-Pada umur 58 hr : 1,8 kg

-50 ekor/th

Flemish Giant

Giant Chinchilla

Standard ChinchillaStandard Chinchilla

KELINCI AMERIKA

1. American

2. AMERICAN CHINCILLA2. AMERICAN CHINCILLA

3.American Fuzzy Lop

4. American Sable

KELINCI ANGORA

1. English Angora

2. French Angora2. French Angora

3. Satin Angora3. Satin Angora

4. Giant Angora4. Giant Angora

CALIFORNIAN

CIRI-CIRI :

- Warna putih, kecuali telinga, ujung kaki dan hidung

-Bersifat produktif

- Pertumbuhan cepat

KELINCI HITAM

HavanaHavana

PolishPolish

Budidaya Kelinci Pedaging

Pemilihan jenis kelinci Manajemen :

Kandang Pakan Perkawinan kesehatan Pemasaran

Pemilihan Jenis Kelinci

Kebutuhan daging Putih Pertulangan bagus

Jumlah anak 8-10 anak

Kesukaan pribadi

3 jenis kelinci pedaging terpopuler

New Zealand (putih)

Californian

Florida White

Manajemen

Mengenal kelinci Tingkah laku Normal

Temp. 103.1 00 F Detak jantung 180-350 kali/menit Pernapasan 40-65 kali/menit

Kandang Sanitas Suhu Individu-kelompok Tipe :

Panggung Slants Susun

Panggung/menggantung

Susun + Kipas pengatur suhu

Kartu catatan

Peralatan sanitasi

Pakan Perlu air bersih dan

segar Pellets

Makanan pd umumnya

Hay tdk biasa Pakan untuk tipe

pedaging Hay dan biji-bijian

Pakan untuk Ternak Pedaging

Sapi Domba Babi Ayam Kelinci

6-8 lbs feed/lb gain

4 lbs feed/lb gain

2.5-3 lbs feed/lb gain

2 lbs feed/lb gain

4 lbs feed/lb gain

Perkawinan Kartu catatan Ovulsi tergertak Kebuntingan = 31-33 hari Cara perkawinan

Bawa betina ke jantan Diagnosis kebuntingan pd hr 10-16: palpasi Hari 28: boks sarang Hari 31-33: melahirkan

Pasca kelahiran Jumlah anak Ambil anak yg mati 15-21 hr stl lahir, boks sarang diambil Anak disapih umur 30 hr, induk kawin

kembali Bunting 5 kali/th

Kesehatan Sanitasi Pasteurellosis multocida Parasit eksternal

Kutu Caplak Pinjang

Parasit internal Cacing

Kandungan Nutrisi

DAGING PROTEIN LEMAK KALORI

Kelinci 20.8 10.25 795

Ayam 20.0 11.0 810

Anak sapi 18.8 14.0 910

Kalkun 20.1 22.2 1190

Sapo 16.3 28.0 1440

Domba 15.7 27.7 1420

Babi 11.9 45.0 2050

MODAL AWAL

1 . Kandang & perlengkapanya Rp 450.000 – Rp 600.000 2 . Pembelian 5 ekor bibit indukan siap kawin @ Rp 300.000 = Rp 1.500.000 3 . Obat-obatan & vitamin Rp 50.000

Total modal awal = Rp 2.000.000

PENDAPATAN :

1 . 4 induk betina x 6 anakan x 8 masa panen / 2 tahun = 192 ekor192 ekor x Rp 62.500 ( bobot 2,5 kg ) = Rp 12.000.0002 . 5 induk afkir x ( 4 kg x Rp 25.000 ) = Rp 500.000

Total pendapatan dari 1 paket indukan (1 jantan 4 betina ) selama 2 tahun adalah Rp 12.000.000 + Rp 500.000 = Rp 12.500.000

KEUNTUNGAN :

Untung = Pendapatan – Modal awal= Rp 12.500.000 – Rp 2.000.000= Rp 10.500.000

BIAYA OPERASIONAL

Kalau hanya memiliki induk 5 ekor, pakan sehari-hari cukup diberi rumput. Jika Anda di lingkungan kota/padat penduduk yang kesulitan mendapatkan pakan bisa menggunakan alternative pakan selain rumput antara lain konsentrat, pellet, ampas tahu maupun alternative pakan lainnya yang tentunya harganya ekonomis dan aman bagi kelinci.

Keterangan :

4 induk betina menghasilkan 6 ekor anak kelinci ( 4 – 12 ekor anak / kelahiran, standart 8 ekor sesuai jumlah puting induk kelinci ). Masa Panen dalam 2 tahun adalah 8 x , Masa kebuntingan kelinci 28-35 hari , masa sapih 45 hari. Masa pembesaran hingga minggu ke 17 setelah kelahiran. Harga kelinci hidup Rp 25.000 / kg ( berat minimal 2,5 kg ).