3 pembentukan batubara (1)

8/17/2019 3 Pembentukan Batubara (1)

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PENGETAHUAN CEKUNGAN

BATUBARA DAN GMB DI INDONESIA

(GEO-330314)

Modifikasi dari kuliah Dr. Budhi KuswanSusilo, S.T., M.T. dan kuliah umum

Dr. Basuki Rahmad


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PEMBENTUKAN BATUBARA


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Bagaimana

Endapan Batubaraterbentuk?


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Formation of Coal from Swamp Deposits


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Jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang tumbuh di danau dan sikuen yangdihasilkan dengan perbedaan tipe dari lumpur organik dangambut (Overbeck, 1950 dalam Taylor, 1998)

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Forest peat/

Tumbuhan kayu

(SWAMP/TROPIS)

Tumbuhan Perdu

(MARSH) Tumbuhan Perdu

(FEN)


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Rezim Hidrologi Fasies Gambut

(Mitsch & Gosselink, 1986)

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Tumbuhan tersebut mengalami pembusukan

secara sempurna dan tidak meninggalkan

bekas (sumber Geoservice,

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RAWA HUTAN BASAH

(WET FOREST SWAMP)

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RAWA HUTAN BASAH

(WET FOREST SWAMP)

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RAWA HUTAN BASAH

(WET FOREST SWAMP)

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ALLOCHTON

DANAU PURBA

HUTAN KERING

HUTAN BASAH

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PEMBENTUKAN FOSSIL

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Consolidate peat

PEAT

Seat Earth

Sandstone

Shale

Seat Earth

Sandstone

ShaleLignite

Seat Earth

Sandstone

Shale

Coal Seam

Decaying Vegetation

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PEAT

Lignite

Sub bituminous

Bituminous

Anthracite

Tekanan

Temperature

Umur


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Jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang tumbuh di danau dan sikuen yangdihasilkan dengan perbedaan tipe dari lumpur organik dangambut (Overbeck, 1950 dalam Taylor, 1998)

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Forest peat/

Tumbuhan kayu

(SWAMP/TROPIS)

Tumbuhan Perdu

(MARSH) Tumbuhan Perdu

(FEN)


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• Coal-Forming Environments: A generalized diagram of a swamp, showing howwater depth, preservation conditions, plant types and plant productivity can varyin different parts of the swamp. These variations will yield different types of coal.Illustration by the West Virginia Geological and Economic Survey.


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Coal is formed when peat is altered physically and

chemically. This process is called "coalification."


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Formation of Coal from Swamp Deposits


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Formation of Coal

The Formation of Coal Involves Several Steps:

2) Formation of Lignite Coal.

Compaction of the peat due to burial drives off

volatile components like water and methane,

eventually producing a black-colored, organic-richcoal called lignite .

Burial

1) Formation of Peat.

Swamps are areas where organic matter from

plants accumulate. As the plants die and get buried

they compact to become peat. With time and more

compaction, almost all of the water is lost andthree different grades of coal result.

Peat

Soft brown coal which consist of about 40% carbon

and do not burn efficiently.

Compaction

Lignite Coal Seam

Burial


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Coal formation


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• Peat: A mass of recently accumulated to partially carbonized plantdebris. This material is on its way to becoming coal but its plantdebris source is still easily recognizable.


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A thin section of coal made up almost

exclusively of very well-preserved woody

material

This type of coal is composed of large amounts ofspores, resins or algal materials. These types of plant

debris are very resistant to decay.

It contains large amounts of preserved

algal debris which appear in thisimage as the yellow-orange particles.


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• Bituminous Coal: Bituminous coal is typically a banded sedimentaryrock. In this photo you can see bright and dull bands of coalmaterial oriented horizontally across the specimen.


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