03-debian linux 7 ukk 2014

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Debian Linux 7.2.0Administrasi Server : Tingkat Dasar Modul 3

jammerTypewritten textDalam Modul ini digunakan :

debian-7.2.0-i386-DVD-1debian-7.2.0-i386-DVD-2

jammerRevisedtelah direvisi dan diujicobakan


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Langkah-langkahContoh Data Jaringan......................................................................................................... 5LAN (di PC Server) .................................................................................................................................5PC Client ...............................................................................................................................................5

Tanda dalam file konfigurasi .............................................................................................. 5Perintah dalam mengeksekusi ........................................................................................... 5Skema Jaringan .................................................................................................................. 5A. Konfigurasi PC Server ................................................................................................... 61. Memberi Alamat IP ........................................................................................................................6

#pico /etc/network/interfaces ...................................................................................................................................62. Memuat Ulang ...............................................................................................................................6

#/etc/init.d/networking restart..................................................................................................................................6

B. Instalasi & Konfigurasi DNS Server dengan BIND9 ........................................................ 61. Instalasi .........................................................................................................................................6

#apt-get install bind9..................................................................................................................................................62. Konfigurasi ....................................................................................................................................6

#cd /etc/bind .............................................................................................................................................................7#cp db.local db.smk .................................................................................................................................................7#cp db.127 db.192 ...................................................................................................................................................7#pico db.smk..............................................................................................................................................................7#pico db.192 ..............................................................................................................................................................7#pico /etc/resolv.conf................................................................................................................................................7

3. Pengujian.......................................................................................................................................7C. Instalasi & Konfigurasi Web Server dengan Apache...................................................... 81. Instalasi Aplikasi ............................................................................................................................8

#apt-get install apache2 .............................................................................................................................................9#apt-get install php5...................................................................................................................................................9#apt-get install mysql-server ......................................................................................................................................9


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#apt-get install phpmyadmin .....................................................................................................................................9#apt-get install links....................................................................................................................................................9

2. Kode HTML Sederhana untuk Website ...........................................................................................9#pico /var/www/index.html.......................................................................................................................................9#/etc/init.d/apache2 restart.....................................................................................................................................9

3. Pengujian Situs Utama ...................................................................................................................9#links smk.sch.id .......................................................................................................................................................9

D. Instalasi & Konfigurasi Mail Server dengan Postfix, Courier, & Squirrelmail ............... 101. Instalasi Aplikasi ..........................................................................................................................10

#apt-get --purge remove exim4 exim4-base exim4-config .....................................................................................10#apt-get install postfix courier-imap courier-pop squirrelmail ...........................................................................10

2. Konfigurasi Postfix .......................................................................................................................10#pico /etc/postfix/main.cf.......................................................................................................................................10#/etc/init.d/postfix restart ......................................................................................................................................10#cd /etc/skel/..........................................................................................................................................................10#maildirmake Maildir..............................................................................................................................................10#adduser admin.......................................................................................................................................................10

3. Konfigurasi Squirrelmail ...............................................................................................................11#/usr/sbin/squirrelmail-configure............................................................................................................................11Command >> 2..........................................................................................................................................................11Command >> 1..........................................................................................................................................................11Command >> a..........................................................................................................................................................11Command >> 8..........................................................................................................................................................12

4. Konfigurasi Website di Apache.....................................................................................................12#cd /etc/apache2/sites-available .............................................................................................................................12#cp default default.bak .........................................................................................................................................12#pico default.............................................................................................................................................................12#/etc/init.d/apache2 restart...................................................................................................................................13

5. Pengujian dari Sisi Client ..............................................................................................................13Pengalamatan IP ......................................................................................................................................................13 IP Address .........................................................................................................................................................13


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Netmask............................................................................................................................................................13 Gateway............................................................................................................................................................13 DNS ...................................................................................................................................................................13Akses.........................................................................................................................................................................13


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PEMBAHASANContoh Data Jaringan :

LAN (di PC Server)Interface : eth0IP Address : 192.168.123.13 //untuk DNS ServerNetwork : 192.168.123.0/24Broadcast : 192.168.123.255Gateway : 192.168.123.13DNS : 192.168.123.13

Virtual Interface 1 : eth0:0 //untuk WEB ServerIP Address : 192.168.123.14

Virtual Interface 2 : eth0:1 //untuk MAIL ServerIP Address : 192.168.123.15

PC Client :IP Address : 192.168.123.16Netmask : 255.255.255.0Gateway : 192.168.123.13DNS Server : 192.168.123.13

Tanda dalam file konfigurasi :# adalah Comment, baris yang diberi tanda ini tidak akan dieksekusi oleh system// adalah Comment, baris yang diberi tanda ini adalah keterangan (tidak perlu diketik), dan tidak akan dieksekusi oleh system.

Perintah dalam mengeksekusi :pico untuk melakukan edit terhadap file (konfigurasi)nano berfungsi sama dengan picoapt-get install melakukan instalasi terhadap aplikasiaptitude install berfungsi sama dengan apt-get install/etc/init.d/{nama_service} restart atau start atau stop

restartmemulai kembali service yang dieksekusistartmemulai proses servicestopmenghentikan proses service

service {nama_service} restart atau start atau stop berfungsi sama dengan /etc/init.d/{nama_service}

Skema Jaringan :


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A. Konfigurasi PC Server1. Memberi Alamat IP

Edit file interfaces yang berada di folder /etc/network :#pico /etc/network/interfaces tekan enterBerikut, isikan data jaringan sesuai dengan Soal (kebutuhan), seperti di bawah ini (Contoh) :

#Interface Utamaauto eth0 // interface eth0 diaktifkan secara otomatisiface eth0 inet static // interface eth0 diberi data statik (bukan dhcp)

address 192.168.123.13 // adalah IP address interfacenetmask 255.255.255.0network 192.168.123.0broadcast 192.168.123.255gateway 192.168.123.13 // alamat gateway

#Virtual Interface 1 : untuk WEB Serverauto eth0:0iface eth0:0 inet static

address 192.168.123.14netmask 255.255.255.0

#Virtual Interface 2 : untuk MAIL Serverauto eth0:1iface eth0:1 inet static

address 192.168.123.15netmask 255.255.255.0

Simpan perubahan dengan menekan ctrl+o tekan enterKeluar dari pico dengan menekan ctrl+x tekan enter

2. Memuat UlangRestart seluruh interface untuk konfiguriasi ulang :#/etc/init.d/networking restart atau #service networking restart

B. Instalasi & Konfigurasi DNS Server dengan BIND91. Instalasi

Instalasi Aplikasi Bind9 :#apt-get install bind9 tekan enter

2. KonfigurasiMasuk ke folder /etc/bind dengan mengetik perintah : #cd /etc/bind tekan entera. Membuat Zona Domain (Domain Zone)

Buatlah file cadangan untuk named.conf dengan perintah:#cp named.conf named.conf.bak tekan enter //perintah copy-paste file named.confmenjadi

named.conf.bak Edit file named.conf dengan perintah:

#pico named.conf tekan enter //perintah melakukan edit terhadap file named.confPada baris paling akhir, ketikkan :

zone smk.sch.id { //zona domain smk.sch.id (sesuaikan dengan nama sekolah Anda)type master;file /etc/bind/db.smk; //isi database BIND Forwarder berada di /etc/bind/db.smk

};

zone 192.in-addr.arpa { //zona IP


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type master;file /etc/bind/db.192; //isi database BIND reverse berada di /etc/bind/db.192

};

b. Membuat File Data Bind ForwarderMasih di folder /etc/bind#, lakukan copy-paste :

#cd /etc/bind tekan enter //memastikan bahwa Anda tetap/telah berada di folder /etc/bind#cp db.local db.smk tekan enter //copy-paste file db.local dengan nama baru db.smk#cp db.127 db.192 tekan enter //copy-paste file db.127 dengan nama baru db.192#pico db.smk tekan enter //edit file db.smkContoh isi dari file db.smk (modifikasi sesuai kebutuhan Anda)

;; BIND data file for local loopback interface;$TTL 604800@ IN SOA smk.sch.id. root.smk.sch.id. (

2 ; Serial604800 ; Refresh86400 ; Retry2419200 ; Expire604800 ) ; Negative Cache TTL

;@ IN NS smk.sch.id.@ IN A 192.168.123.13www IN A 192.168.123.14 //untuk WEBmail IN A 192.168.123.15 //untuk Email

c. Membuat File Data Reverse#pico db.192 tekan enter //edit file db.192

Contoh isi dari file db.192 (modifikasi sesuai kebutuhan Anda);; BIND reverse data file for local loopback interface;$TTL 604800@ IN SOA smk.sch.id. root.smk.sch.id. (

1 ; Serial604800 ; Refresh86400 ; Retry2419200 ; Expire604800 ); Negative Cache TTL

;@ IN NS smk.sch.id.13.123.168 IN PTR smk.sch.id.

d. Menambah DNS Name Server#pico /etc/resolv.conf tekan enter //edit file resolv.conf di folder /etc

search smk.sch.idnameserver 192.168.123.13 //IP dns server (nameserver) adalah nomor IP Address Anda

3. PengujianKetikkan perintah :#nslookup 192.168.123.13

hasilnya seperti di bawah ini :Server: 192.168.123.13Address: 192.168.123.13#53

13.123.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = smk.sch.id.


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Ketikkan perintah :#nslookup smk.sch.id

hasilnya seperti di bawah ini :Server: 192.168.123.13Address: 192.168.123.13#53

Name: smk.sch.idAddress: 192.168.123.13

Ulangi untuk www.smk.sch.id danmail.smk.sch.id

Ketikkan perintah :#dig smk.sch.id

hasilnya seperti di bawah ini :; DiG 9.8.4-rpz2+rl005.12-P1 smk.sch.id;; global options: +cmd;; Got answer:;; ->>HEADER


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#apt-get install apache2 tekan enter //aplikasi Web Server#apt-get install php5 //aplikasi Bahasa Pemograman PHP versi 5#apt-get install mysql-server //aplikasi Database MySQL#apt-get install phpmyadmin //aplikasi Pengelola Data Base MySQL berbasis Web#apt-get install links //aplikasi browser berbasis teks, untuk pengujian website

2. Kode HTML Sederhana untuk WebsiteKode sederhana dari file HTML

#pico /var/www/index.html //melakukan edit terhadap file index.html

Selamat Datang di Situs SMK

Biodata Sekolah

Nama Sekolah : SMK

Alamat : Jalan

#/etc/init.d/apache2 restart //memuat kembali apache webserver untuk pembacaankonfigurasi baru

3. Pengujian Situs Utama#links smk.sch.id tekan enter //perintah untuk menguji Situs UtamaDari PC ClientKonfigurasi PC Client :

IP Address : 192.168.123.15Netmask : 255.255.255.0Gateway : 192.168.123.13DNS Server : 192.168.123.13

Jalankan Aplikasi Browser Anda dan ketikkan :http://smk.sch.id


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D. Instalasi & Konfigurasi Mail Server dengan Postfix, Courier, &Squirrelmail1. Instalasi Aplikasi#apt-get --purge remove exim4 exim4-base exim4-config

Instal dengan perintah :#apt-get install postfix courier-imap courier-pop squirrelmail2. Konfigurasi Postfix

Ketik perintah :#pico /etc/postfix/main.cf tekan enter (pada baris paling bawah, edit persis seperti di bawah ini)

myhostname = smk.sch.id //perhatikan baik-baik baris inimydomain = smk.sch.id //perhatikan baik-baik baris inialias_maps = hash:/etc/aliasesalias_database = hash:/etc/aliases#myorigin = /etc/mailname //beri tanda # di sinimydestination = smk.sch.id, localhost //perhatikan baik-baik baris inihome_mailbox = Maildir/ //perhatikan baik-baik baris inirelayhost =mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 192.168.123.0/24 //perhatikan baik-baik baris ini#mailbox_command = procmail a $EXTENSION //beri tanda # di sinimailbox_size_limit = 0recipient_delimiter = +inet_interfaces = all

Simpan perubahan ctrl+o enter, kemudian keluar dari pico ctrl+x

Mulai lagi postfix dengan perintah :#/etc/init.d/postfix restart

Kemudian ketik perintah :#cd /etc/skel/

Buat folder baru dengan nama Maildir :#maildirmake Maildir //perhatikan huruf kapital M di MaildirBuat akun baru untuk email, misalnya admin (silahkan dicoba dengan nama user lain)#adduser admin(isikan password dan jangan sampai lupa, kemudian isikan data yang diminta atau diabaikan dengan menekan enter)


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3. Konfigurasi SquirrelmailKetik perintah :

#/usr/sbin/squirrelmail-configureAkan tampil menu seperti di bawah ini :

SquirrelMail Configuration : Read: config.php (1.4.0)---------------------------------------------------------Main Menu --1. Organization Preferences2. Server Settings3. Folder Defaults4. General Options5. Themes6. Address Books7. Message of the Day (MOTD)8. Plugins9. Database10. Languages

D. Set pre-defined settings for specific IMAP servers

C Turn color onS Save dataQ Quit

Command >> 2 (ketik 2 tekan enter, untuk Server Settings)Menu Server Settings seperti di bawah ini :

SquirrelMail Configuration : Read: config.php (1.4.0)---------------------------------------------------------Server Settings

General-------1. Domain : smk.sch.id2. Invert Time : false3. Sendmail or SMTP : SMTP

A. Update IMAP Settings : localhost:143 (courier)B. Update SMTP Settings : localhost:25

R Return to Main MenuC Turn color onS Save dataQ Quit

Command >> 1 (ketik 1 tekan enter, isikan Domain dengan smk.sch.id tekan enter)kemudian

Command >> a (ketik a tekan enter, untuk IMAP Settings tekan enter)


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Akan tampil menu seperti di bawah ini :

SquirrelMail Configuration : Read: config.php (1.4.0)---------------------------------------------------------Server Settings

General-------1. Domain : smk.sch.id2. Invert Time : false3. Sendmail or SMTP : SMTP

IMAP Settings--------------4. IMAP Server : localhost5. IMAP Port : 1436. Authentication type : login7. Secure IMAP (TLS) : false8. Server software : other9. Delimiter : detect

B. Update SMTP Settings : localhost:25H. Hide IMAP Server Settings

R Return to Main MenuC Turn color onS Save dataQ Quit

Command >> 8 (ketik 8 tekan enter)Each IMAP server has its own quirks. As much as we tried to stickto standards, it doesn't help much if the IMAP server doesn't followthe same principles. We have made some work-arounds for some ofthese servers. If you would like to use them, please select yourIMAP server. If you do not wish to use these work-arounds, you canset this to "other", and none will be used.bincimap = Binc IMAP servercourier = Courier IMAP servercyrus = Cyrus IMAP serverdovecot = Dovecot Secure IMAP serverexchange = Microsoft Exchange IMAP serverhmailserver = hMailServermacosx = Mac OS X Mailservermercury32 = Mercury/32uw = University of Washington's IMAP servergmail = IMAP access to Google mail (Gmail) accountsother = Not one of the above servers

[other]: (di baris ini ketik courier kemudian tekan enter)

4. Konfigurasi Website di ApacheMasuk ke folder /etc/apache2/sites-available :#cd /etc/apache2/sites-available tekan enterBuat cadangan untuk file default :#cp default default.bak tekan enter //membuat file cadangan default.bakEdit file default :#pico default


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Hapus semua isi di dalamnya dengan menggunakan ctrl+k, baris per baris hingga kosong.Kemudian ketik skrip di bawah ini :

ServerAdmin [email protected] smk.sch.idServerAlias www.smk.sch.idDocumentRoot /var/www/

ServerAdmin [email protected] mail.smk.sch.idDocumentRoot /usr/share/squirrelmail/

Simpan perubahan (ctrl+o), keluar (ctrl+x)

Mulai lagi Apache2 :#/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

5. Pengujian dari Sisi ClientPengalamatan IP

IP Address : 192.168.123.16 //alamat IP yang belum digunakan client lain Netmask : 255.255.255.0 Gateway : 192.168.123.13 //alamat IP server (PC Router) di eth0 DNS : 192.168.123.13 //alamat IP DNS

AksesLakukan percobaan dengan mengakses situs : www.smk.sch.id dan mail.smk.sch.id

LAN (di PC Server)Konfigurasi PC ServerMemberi Alamat IPMemuat Ulang

Instalasi & Konfigurasi DNS Server dengan BIND9InstalasiPengujian

Instalasi & Konfigurasi Web Server dengan ApacheInstalasi AplikasiKode HTML Sederhana untuk WebsitePengujian Situs Utama

Instalasi & Konfigurasi Mail Server dengan Postfix, Courier, &SquirrelmailInstalasi Aplikasi#apt-get --purge remove exim4 exim4-base exim4-config#apt-get install postfix courier-imap courier-pop squirrelmail

Konfigurasi Postfix#/etc/init.d/postfix restart#cd /etc/skel/#adduser admin

Konfigurasi Squirrelmail#/usr/sbin/squirrelmail-configure

Konfigurasi Website di Apache#pico default#/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Pengujian dari Sisi ClientPengalamatan IPAkses

03-debian linux 7 ukk 2014

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