01 pengantar disain dssss

8/18/2019 01 Pengantar Disain dssss

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Abdul Wahid Surhim

2014

*Pengantar

Disain


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*Rujukan 1

* Towler, G. and Sinnott, R. 2008.Chemical Engineering Design:

Principles, Practice and Economics ofPlant and Process Design. Elsevier ha!ter 1 "#TR$%&T"$# T$ %ES"G#


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*Rujukan 2

'(dersen, ).*., %+Elia #.A., and#elson, *.'. Editors-. 14.

Bioprocess Engineering: Systems,Equipment and Facilities. /ohnWile( Sons, "n.

h. 18 ro3rammin3 and ailit(%esi3n

h. 1 ro5et lannin3h. 20 ontainment Re3ulationsA6etin3 the %esi3n and$!eration o7 )io!harmaeutialailities


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*Kerangka

Pembelajaran

1. )atasan %isain2. roses %isain. Anatomi roses *imia4. Stru9tur ro(e9 Re9a(asa *imia:. %o9umentasi ro(e9;. *ode dan Standar


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*Struktur Dasar

Proses Kimia

Reaction Systems Separation Systems

Energy Systems

Control and Safety Systems

Input Output


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*Batasan Disain

Design is an inexact art

Design is a creatie actii


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*External

Constraints

* The onstraints that are outside the desi3ner+sin=uene an be termed the e>ternal onstraints

*Some onstraints will be fxed and invariable,suh as those that arise 7rom !h(sial laws,3overnment re3ulations, and standards.

*$thers will be less rigid and can be relaxed b(

the desi3ner as !art o7 the 3eneral strate3( 7orsee9in3 the best desi3n.

*Eonomi onsiderations are obviousl( a majorconstraint on an( en3ineerin3 desi3n? !lants mustma9e a !ro@t


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*Panduan dan

Regulasi

1. #" #ational "nstitutes o7 ealth-Guidelines

2. )iotehnolo3( Siene oordinatin3ommittee )S-

. %A ood and %ru3 Administration-4. EA Environment rotetion A3en(-

:. &S %e!artment o7 A3riulture &S%A-;. $SA $u!ational Sa7et( and ealthAdministration-


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*!nternal

Constraints

*Within this boundar( there will be a number o7!lausible desi3ns bounded b( the other onstraints,

the internal onstraints, over whih the desi3ner hassome ontrol, suh as

*hoie o7 !roess

*hoie o7 !roess onditions,

*materials, and

*eCui!ment

* Time will also be a onstraint.

* The time available 7or om!letion o7 a desi3n willusuall( limit the number o7 alternative desi3ns that an

be onsidered


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*Disain Proses


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*Desain

Bioroses


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*Desain

Bioroses


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*"#e Design

$bjective %"#e

*(ll design starts )it# a erceived need.

*"n the desi3n o7 a hemial !roess, "*E &EED is the !ublineed 7or the !rodut, reatin3 a ommerial o!!ortunit(, as7oreseen b( the sales and mar9etin3 or3aniBation.

*Within this overall ob5etive, the desi3ner will reo3niBe subob5etives, the reCuirements o7 the various units that ma9eu! the overall !roess

*"t is im!ortant to distin3uish between the needs that are++must #aves,, and those that are ++s#ould #aves-,,

* The ++s#ould #aves,, are those !arts o7 the initials!ei@ation that ma( be thou3ht desirable, but that an berela>ed i7 reCuired as t#e design develos

*"t is im!ortant to ma9e sure that all o7 the desi3ns that areonsidered are ft .or t#e service/ i-e-/ meet t#e

customer,s ++must #ave,, re0uirements


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*"#e &eed

Sul3Demand

*&ntu9 melihat *E)&T&A# da!atdila9u9an den3an S&'D%EFA#%

A#A'DS"S

*%emand Su!!l( erlu R$%&*S"(an3 lebih besar la3i

*ara menentu9an !ermintaan?

* Timeseries Anal(sis

*Re3ression

*Eonometris


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*Setting t#e

Design Basis

*"#e design basis is a more recise statement o. t#eroblem t#at is to be solved-

*"t will normall( inlude the !rodution rate and !urit( s!ei@ationso7 the main !rodut, to3ether with in7ormation on onstraints thatwill in=uene the desi3n, suh as

1. The sstem o. units to be used.2. The national, loal or om!an( design codes that must be

7ollowed.

4- Details o. ra) materials that are available.

5- !n.ormation on otential sites where the !lant mi3ht beloated, inludin3 limate data, seismi onditions, andin7rastruture availabilit(.

6- !n.ormation on t#e conditions/ availabilit/ and rice o.utilit services suh as 7uel 3as-, steam, oolin3 water, !roessair, !roess water, and eletriit(, that will be needed to run the

!roess


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*7eneration o.

Possible Design

*"#e creative art o. t#e design rocessis the 3eneration o7 !ossible solutions to the!roblem 7or anal(sis, evaluation, andseletion.

*"n this ativit(, most desi3ners lar3el( rel( on!revious e>!erieneHtheir own and that o7

others.

*!t is doubt.ul i. an design is entirelnovel-

* The anteedents o7 most desi3ns an usuall(be easil( traed


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*7eneration o.

Possible Design

*hemial en3ineerin3 !ro5ets an be dividedinto three t(!es, de!endin3 on the novelt(involved?

1-8odifcations/ and additions, to e>istin3!lantI usuall( arried out b( the !lantdesi3n 3rou!.

2-&e) roduction caacit to meet3rowin3 sales demand and the sale o7established !roesses b( ontrators

4-&e) rocesses, develo!ed 7romlaborator( researh, throu3h !ilot !lant, toa ommerial !roess


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*9itness "esting

*When desi3n alternatives are su33ested, the( must betested 7or @tness o7 !ur!ose.

*"n other words, the desi3n en3ineer must determine howwell eah desi3n one!t meets the identi@ed need.

*"n the @eld o7 hemial en3ineerin3, it is usuall(!rohibitivel( exensive to build several designs to@nd out whih one wor9s best a !ratie 9nown as

JJ!rotot(!in3,++ whih is ommon in other en3ineerin3disi!lines-.

*"nstead, the desi3n en3ineer builds a mat#ematicalmodel o7 the !roess, usuall( in the 7orm o7 om!utersimulations o7 the !roess, reators, and other 9e(eCui!ment


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*Economic Evaluation/$timi:ation/ and

Selection

*$ne the desi3ner has identi@ed a 7ewandidate desi3ns that meet the ustomer

ob5etive, then the !roess o7 desi3n seletionan be3in.

*"#e rimar criterion .or design selectionis usuall economic er.ormance, althou3h

7ators suh as sa7et( and environmentalim!at ma( also !la( a stron3 role

* The eonomi anal(sis o7 the !rodut or!roess an also be used to otimi:e t#edesign


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*Detailed Design

and E0uiment

*A7ter the !roess or !rodut one!t has been seleted, the!ro5et moves on to detailed desi3n.

*ere the detailed s!ei@ations o7 eCui!ment suh asvessels/ exc#angers/ ums/ and instruments aredetermined.

* The desi3n en3ineer ma( wor9 with other en3ineerin3disi!lines, suh as

*civil engineers 7or site !re!aration,

*mec#anical engineers 7or desi3n o7 vessels and strutures,and

*electrical engineers 7or instrumentation and ontrol

*Fan( om!anies en3a3e s!eialist En3ineerin3, rourement,and onstrution E- om!anies, ommonl( 9nown as

ontrators, at the detailed desi3n sta3e


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*Procurement/Construction/ and

$eration

*When the details o7 the desi3n have been@naliBed, the eCui!ment an be urc#ased

and t#e lant can be built.

*rourement and onstrution are usuall(arried out b( an E @rm unless the !ro5et isver( small

*inall(, one the !lant is built and readied 7orstartu!, it an be3in o!eration.

* The desi3n en3ineer will o7ten then be alledu!on to hel! resolve an( startu! issues and

teethin3 !roblems with the new !lant.


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*(natomi Proses

Kimia


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*Struktur Proek

Rekaasa Kimia


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*Struktur Proek

Rekaasa Kimia


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*Dokumentasi

Proek

1-7eneral corresondence)it#in t#e design grouand )it#

*Government de!artments

* ECui!ment vendors

* Site !ersonnel

* The lient

2-Calculation s#eets* %esi3n alulations

* ost estimates

* Faterial and ener3( balanes4-Dra)ings

* lowsheets

* i!in3 and instrumentationdia3rams

* 'a(out dia3rams

* lotKsite !lans

* ECui!ment details

* i!in3 dia3rams isometris-

* Arhitetural drawin3s

* %esi3n s9ethes

5-Secifcation s#eets* The desi3n basis

* eed and !rodut s!ei@ations

*An eCui!ment list

* Sheets 7or eCui!ment, suh asheat e>han3ers, !um!s,heaters, et.

6-*ealt#/ Sa.et andEnvironmental in.ormation

* Faterials sa7et( data sheetsFS%S 7orms-

* AL$ or ALA#doumentation see ha!ter -

* Emissions assessments and!ermits

;-Purc#ase orders* Muotations

* "nvoies


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*Kode dan Standar

*Standar !ertama di!er9enal9an oleh Whitworth!ada tahun 1841

* Tu5uann(a adalah untu9 memberi9an u9uraninterhan3eabilit( antar manu7a9tur (an3

berbeda

*Standar modern mena9u!

1. Faterials, !ro!erties, and om!ositions.

2. Testin3 !roedures 7or !er7ormane,om!ositions, and Cualit(.

. re7erred siBesI 7or e>am!le, tubes, !lates,setions, et.

4. Fethods 7or desi3n, ins!etion, and 7abriation.:. odes o7 !ratie 7or !lant o!eration and sa7et(


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*Kode dan Standar

*"stilah Standar dan *ode di3una9an seara bertu9aran,mes9i

**$%E seharusn(a di3una9an untu9 9ode !ra9tis (an3

mena9u!, 9ata9anlah, disain (an3 dire9omendasi9anatau !rosedur o!erasi

*STA#%AR untu9 u9uran si!es-, 9om!osisi, dll (an3disu9ai

*S&! Standar #asional "ndonesia-

*Amerian #ational Standards "nstitute A#S"-

*Amerian etroleum "nstitute A"-

*Amerian Soiet( 7or Testin3 Faterials ASTF-

*Amerian Soiet( o7 Fehanial En3ineers ASFE-!ressure vessels and !i!es-

*#ational ire rotetion Assoiation #AI sa7et(-

*"nstrumentation, S(stems and Automation Soiet("SAI !roess ontrol-

*"nternational $r3aniBation 7or StandardiBation "S$-


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*Kode dan Standar

T&GAS*ari ontoh re3ulasi, 9ode atau standar untu9!eralatan bio- !roses

*&n33ah @le@len(a 9e SE'E

* Tu3as 9elom!o9 ma9s oran3-

*%iserah9an E*A# %EA#


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*9aktor Disain

%8arjin Disain'

**esalahan dan 9etida9!astian munul dari

*9etida9!astian 9etersediaan data disain,

dan

*9e!erluan !ende9atan dalam!erhitun3an disain

*eranan3 (an3 ber!en3alaman

memasu99an tin39at 9elebihan disain (an3disebut JJdesign factor,"" ##design margin,""atau ##safety factor,"" untu9 memasti9anbahwa disain (an3 diban3un sesuai

den3an s!esi@9asi !rodu9 dan bero!erasiseara aman


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*Sistem Satuan


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*$timisasi

1. $b(e9ti7 disain2. )atasan dan dera5at 9ebebasan

. Titi9 temu trade$o%s-4. %e9om!osisi masalah:. $!timisasi variabel disain tun33al;. Fetode !enarian

01 pengantar disain dssss

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